Medical Terminology Organization of the Body Organization of the Body Objectives: To name the body systems and their functions To identify body cavities and specific organs within them To list the divisions of the back To identify three planes of the body To analyze, pronounce, and spell new terms To apply medical terms in real-life situations Levels of structure (Part 1) Cells Smallest units in the body, specialized Different types: Muscle cells Nerve cells Skin (epithelial) cells Bone cells And many more! Levels of structure (Part 2) Tissues Similar cells that are grouped together Examples: muscle tissue, epithelial tissue Levels of structure (Part 3) Organs Several tissues working together to perform a function Example: Stomach (muscle tissue, epithelial tissue, nerve tissue) Levels of structure (Part 4) Systems Groups of organs working together 11 major systems in the body Circulatory (Cardiovascular) System Transports blood throughout the body and regulates body temperature Composed of: Heart Blood Blood vessels arteries, veins, capillaries Lymphatic System Helps to fight disease aides in immunity and returns fluid to the circulatory system Composed of: Spleen, thymus lymph vessels Lymph nodes Lymph, clear fluid containing lymphocytes (WBC) Digestive System Brings food into the body and breaks it down so it can be used by the body then eliminates the waste Composed of: Mouth Esophagus Stomach Intestines Accessory Organs Endocrine System Controls glands and organs by hormones to regulate growth, development, metabolism and reproduction Composed of: Hypothalamus Pituitary gland Adrenals Ovaries and testes Various Hormones Reproductive Systems (2) Male and female systems that are designed to produce reproductive cells Composed of: Male: Organs: Testis, vas deferens, prostate, penis Hormones: Testosterone Cells: Sperm Female: Organs: Ovaries, fallopian tube, uterus, vagina Hormones: Estrogen, Progesterone Cells: Ova Muscular System Works with skeletal system to produce movement and helps with digestion by moving food Composed of: Skeletal muscle Smooth muscle Cardiac muscle Skeletal System Supports body, protects the organs, is the site for blood formation and works with the muscular system to produce movement. Composed of: Bones Cartilage Ligaments (bone to bone) Tendons (bone to muscle) Nervous System Coordinates the body’s response by carrying electrical messages to and from the brain and spinal cord. Composed of: Brain Spinal cord Nerves Spinal nerves Carry messages to/from spinal cord Cranial nerves Carry messages to/from the brain Respiratory System Controls breathing and transports oxygen and carbon dioxide in and out of the body Composed of: Lungs Bronchioles Trachea Larynx (voice box) Nose/mouth Excretory (Urinary) System Elimination of waste products from the body Urea (nitrogenous waste) is removed from the cells and urine is formed and eliminated. Composed of: Skin/Lungs Kidneys Ureters Bladder Urethra Integumentary System Receive messages from the environment and send them to the brain to help regulate body temperature and protect against infection and injury. Composed of: Eyes (sensory organ) Ears (sensory organ) Fingers/nails (sensory organ) Hair Skin (sweat and oil glands) Organs/Structures and Systems Bronchial tubes Digestive Digestive Excretory Respiratory Respiratory Ovaries Female Reproductive Endocrine Excretory Uterus Respiratory Ureters Nervous Trachea (windpipe) Male Reproductive Spinal cord Endocrine Prostate Gland Lungs Larynx (voice box) Skeletal Digestive Respiratory Pituitary gland Kidneys Esophagus (food tube) Colon (large intestine) Nervous Pharynx (throat) Coccyx (tailbone) Respiratory Cerebrum Female reproductive Vertebra (backbone) Skeletal Assignment Body System 1 Worksheet Body System 2 Worksheet Body Cavities (Part 1) Cranial Cavity Head, surrounded by the skull Contains brain, pituitary gland Thoracic Cavity Chest cavity, surrounded by the breastbone and ribs Contains lungs, heart Abdominal Cavity Area below the thoracic cavity, below the diaphragm (muscle) Contains stomach, liver, gallbladder, intestines Body Cavities (Part 2) Pelvic Below the abdominal cavity, surrounded by the pelvis Contains bladder, ureters, urethra, rectum, anus and uterus (in females) Spinal Cavity Column Surrounds the spine Contains the spinal cord Thoracic Cavity Pleura Double membrane that surrounds the lungs Pleural Space between the pleura Pleural cavity effusion Collection of fluid in the pleural cavity Mediastinum Area between the lungs Contains: heart, esophagus, trachea and bronchial tubes Abdominal cavity Diaphragm Muscle that separates the thoracic cavity and the abdominal cavity Creates a negative pressure so the lungs will inflate Peritoneum Double membrane that covers organs and attaches them to the muscles Ascites Collection of fluid in the peritoneal cavity Assignment Body Cavities Cut out and paste diagram of body cavities into notebook Label cavities Page Do all work in your notebooks – Put today’s date, and what you are working on at the top of the page. 53 Write out the 10 meanings, matching them up with the correct term. Divisions of the Back Cervical Neck 7 bones (C1-C7) Thoracic region Waist 5 bones (L1-L5) Sacral region Chest 12 bones (T1-T12) Lumbar region region Lower Back 5 fused bones (S1-S5) Coccygeal region Tailbone (Coccyx) 4 fused bones Spinal Column Vertebra (Plural)Vertebrae Bones from the neck to the tailbone that make up the spinal column Disk/disc Flexible connective tissue (cartilage) found between each vertebra Planes of the body Frontal (Coronal) Plane Vertical plane Separates front to back Anterior - front Posterior - back Sagittal (Lateral) Plane Vertical plane Seperates right to left Midsagittal plane – equal right and left halves Transverse (Axial) Plane Horizontal plane Cross section – upper and lower sections Planes of the Body Assignment Divisions of the back Cut out and paste diagram of the back into notebook Label divisions Planes Do all work in your notebooks – Put today’s date, and what you are working on at the top of the page. of the body Cut out and paste diagram of planes of the body into notebook Label planes X-ray and MRI