Section 4 Muscle of the
Upper Limb
A. Muscles of the Shoulder (肩部肌)
B. Muscles of the Arm (臂肌)
C. Muscles of the Forearm (前臂肌)
D. Muscles of the Hand (手肌)
E. Fasciae of the Upper Limb (筋膜)
F. Regional Anatomy (局部解剖学)
Systematic Anatomy
Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University
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A. Muscles of the Shoulder
1. ★ Deltoid (三角肌)
Origin: clavicle (lat. 1/3),
acromion, spine of
scapula.
Insertion: deltoid tuberosity
Action: abducts, flexes,
extends & rotates arm.
[muscular injection
肌肉注射]
Systematic Anatomy
Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University
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A. Muscles of the Shoulder
2. Supraspinatus (冈上肌)
Origin: supraspinous fossa.
Insertion: greater tubercle
Action: abducts arm
3. Infraspinatus (冈下肌)
Origin: infraspinous fossa.
Insertion: greater tubercle
Action: lateral rotates arm
4. Teres minor (小圆肌)
Origin: lateral border of scapula
Insertion: crest of lesser tubercle
Action: lateral rotates adducts
Systematic Anatomy
Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University
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A. Muscles of the Shoulder
5. Teres major (大圆肌)
Origin: dorsal surface near
inferior angle of scapula
Insertion: crest of lesser tubercle
of humerus
Action: adducts, extends & medial
rotates the arm
6 Subscapularis (肩胛下肌)
Origin: subscapular fossa
Insertion: lesser tubercle of
humerus
Action: medial rotates arm
[scapulohumeral periarthritis 肩周炎]
Systematic Anatomy
Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University
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Muscles that move the arm (humerus)
Pectoralis major
Latissimus dorsi
Deltoid
Subscapularis
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres major
Teres minor
Coracobrachialis
Systematic Anatomy
Flexes, adducts and rotates arm medially.
Extends, adducts, and rotates
arm .medially; draws arm downward
and backward.
Abducts, flexes, extends, and medially and
laterally rotates arm
Rotates arm medially.
Assists deltoid muscle in abducting arm.
Rotates arm laterally; adducts arm.
Extends arm; assists in adduction and
medial rotation of arm.
Rotates arm laterally; extends and adducts
arm.
Flexes and adducts arm.
Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University
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B. Muscles of the Arm
1. Anterior group
1) ★ biceps brachii (肱二头肌)
Origin:
Long head: supraglenoid
tubercle.
Short head: coracoid process.
Insertion: radial tuberosity
Action: flexes elbow joint. &
supinates forearm.
Variation:
3rd
head
21.1
%
Systematic Anatomy
Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University
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B. Muscles of the Arm
[Rupture of biceps brachii 肱二头肌断裂]
Systematic Anatomy
Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University
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B. Muscles of the Arm
2) coracobrachialis
(喙肱肌)
Origin: coracoid
process.
Insertion: middle
part of humerus.
Action: flexes &
adducts arm.
Systematic Anatomy
Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University
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B. Muscles of the Arm
3) brachialis (肱肌)
Origin: lower half of
humerus.
Insertion: ulnar
tuberosity
Action: flexes elbow
joint
Systematic Anatomy
Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University
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B. Muscles of the Arm
2. Posterior group (后群)
★ triceps brachii (肱三头肌)
Origin:
long head: infraglenoid
tuberosity
lateral head: humerus
medial head: humerus
Insertion: olecranon of ulna
Action: extend forearm
Systematic Anatomy
Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University
10
B. Muscles of the Arm
Systematic Anatomy
Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University
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C. Muscles of the Forearm
1. ★ Anterior group (前群)
First layer
1) brachioradialis (肱桡肌)
2) pronator teres (旋前圆肌)
3) flexor carpi radialis (桡侧腕屈肌)
4) palmaris longus (掌长肌): 4%
absent
5) flexor carpi ulnaris (尺侧腕屈肌)
Systematic Anatomy
Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University
12
C. Muscles of the Forearm
Second layer
6) flexor digitorum
superficialis (指浅屈肌)
Third layer
7) flexor pollicis longus
(拇长屈肌)
8) flexor digitorum
profundus (指深屈肌)
Fourth layer
9) pronator quadratus
(旋前方肌)
Systematic
Anatomy
Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University
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C. Muscles of the Forearm
2. Posterior group (后群)
Superficial layer
1) extensor carpi radialis longus
(桡侧腕长伸肌)
2) extensor carpi radialis brevis
(桡侧腕短伸肌)
3) extensor digitorum (指伸肌)
4) extensor digiti minimi
(小指伸肌)
5) extensor carpi ulnaris
(尺侧腕伸肌)
6)
anconeus (肘肌)
Systematic Anatomy
Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University
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C. Muscles of the Forearm
Deep layer
7) supinator (旋后肌)
8) abductor pollicis longus
(拇长展肌)
9) extensor pollicis brevis
(拇短伸肌)
10) extensor pollicis longus
(拇长伸肌)
11) extensor indicis
(示指伸肌)
[wrist drop 垂腕]
Systematic Anatomy
Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University
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C. Muscles of the Forearm
Systematic Anatomy
Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University
16
C. Muscles of the Forearm
Systematic Anatomy
Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University
17
Systematic Anatomy
Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University
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D. Muscles of the Hand
1. Lateral group (thenar
muscles 鱼际肌)
1) abductor pollicis brevis
(拇短展肌)
2) flexor pollicis brevis
(拇短屈肌)
3) ★ opponens pollicis
(拇对掌肌)
[monkey paw 猿形手]
4) adductor pollicis
(拇收肌)
Systematic Anatomy
Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University
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D. Muscles of the Hand
2. Medial group
(hypothenar muscles
小鱼际肌)
5) abductor digiti minimi
(小指展肌)
6) flexor digiti minimi
brevis (小指短屈肌)
7) opponens digiti minimi
(小指对掌肌)
Systematic Anatomy
Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University
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D. Muscles of the Hand
3. Intermediate group
8) lumbricales (蚓状肌): 4
9) palmar interossei (骨间掌侧肌): 3
10) dorsal interossei (骨间背侧肌): 4
Systematic Anatomy
Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University
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E. Fasciae of the Upper Limb
1. Axillary fascia (腋筋膜)
2. Bicipital aponeurosis
(肱二头肌腱膜)
3. Flexor retinaculum
(屈肌支持带)
4. Extensor retinaculum
(伸肌支持带)
5. Palmar aponeurosis
(掌腱膜)
Systematic Anatomy
Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University
22
F. Regional Anatomy of
the Upper Limb
1. Axillary fossa (腋窝)
2. Trilateral foramen (三边孔)
3. Quadrilateral foramen (四边孔)
4. Cubital fossa (肘窝)
4. Carpal canal (腕管)
[carpal tunnel syndrome
腕管综合征]
Systematic Anatomy
Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University
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Muscles that move the arm (humerus)
Pectoralis major
Latissimus dorsi
Deltoid
Subscapularis
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres major
Teres minor
Coracobrachialis
Systematic Anatomy
Flexes, adducts and rotates arm medially.
Extends, adducts, and rotates arm
medially; draws arm downward and
backward.
Abducts, flexes, extends, and medially
and laterally rotates arm.
Rotates arm medially.
Assists deltoid muscle in abducting arm.
Rotates arm laterally; adducts arm.
Extends arm; assists in adduction and
medial rotation of arm.
Rotates arm laterally; extends and
adducts arm.
Flexes and adducts arm.
Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University
24
Muscles that move the forearm (radius and ulna)
Biceps brachii
Flexes and supinates forearm;
flexes arm.
Brachialis
Flexes forearm.
Brachioradialis
Flexes forearm; semisupinates
and semipronates forearm.
Triceps brachii
Extends forearm; extends arm.
Anconeus
Extends forearm.
Pronator teres
Pronates forearm and hand and
flexes forearm.
Pronator quadratus Pronates forearm and hand.
Supinator
Supinates forearm and hand.
Systematic Anatomy
Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University
25
Muscles that move the wrist, hand, and
fingers
Flexor carpi radialis
Palmaris longus
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Flexes and abducts wrist.
Flexes wrist.
Flexes and adducts wrist.
Flexes middle phalanges of each
finger.
Flexor digitorum profundus Flexes distal phalanges of each
finger.
Flexor pollicis longus
Flexes thumb.
Extensor carpi radialis longus Extends and abducts wrist.
Extensor carpi radialis brevis Extends and abducts wrist.
Extensor digitorum
Extends phalanges.
Extensor digiti minimi
Extends little finger.
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Extends and adducts wrist.
Abductor pollicis longus
Extends thumb & abducts wrist.
Extensor pollicis brevis
Extends thumb & abducts wrist.
Extensor indicis
Extends index finger.
Systematic Anatomy
Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University
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Muscles that move the fingers
Abductor pollicis brevis
Flexor pollicis brevis
Opponens pollicis
Adductor pollicis
Abductor digiti minimi
Flexor digiti minimi
Opponens digiti minimi
Lumbricals
Dorsal interossei
Palmar interossei
Systematic Anatomy
Abducts thumb.
Flexes and adducts thumb.
Draws thumb across palm to meet little finger
(opposition).
Adducts thumb.
Abducts little finger.
Flexes little finger.
Draws little finger across palm to meet thumb.
Extends interphalangeal joints and flexes
metacarpophalangeal joints.
Abducts fingers from middle finger; flexes
metacarpophalangeal joints; and extends
interphalangeal joints.
Adducts fingers toward middle finger; flexes
metacarpophalangeal joints; and extends
interphalangeal joints.
Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University
27