Anatomy and Physiology I
Muscles that Move the Arm,
Forearm, Hand and Fingers
Instructor: Mary Holman
Review:
Muscles that Move the
Pectoral Girdle
Anterior Thoracic Muscles
• Pectoralis minor
• Serratus anterior
Posterior Thoracic Muscles
• Trapezius *
• Levator scapulae
• Rhomboid major *
• Rhomboid minor
* = know origin & insertion
Fig. 9.28
Pectoralis minor
Anterior
Origin:
Three upper ribs (can vary)
Insertion:
Coracoid process of
scapula
Action:
Depresses and pulls
scapula forward, rotates it
downward
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Fig. 9.28
Serratus anterior
Origin:
Superior 8 or 9 ribs
Insertion:
Ventral surface of scapula
Action:
Pulls scapula anteriorly
and downward
Anterior
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Posterior
Anterior
Trapezius *
Origin: Occipital bone
& spines of 7th cervical
and all thoracic
vertebrae
Insertion: Clavicle,
spine, and acromion
process of scapula
Action: Rotates scapula
can raise, pull medially,
pull upward or depress
scapula
Fig. 9.28
Fig. 9.27b
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Fig. 9.29a
Levator scapulae
Posterior
Origin: Transverse
Spine of
scapula
processes of superior 4
or 5 cervical vertebrae
Insertion: Medial
border of scapula
Action: Elevates
scapula and rotates it
downward
Fig. 9.27d
Posterior
Rhomboideus major *
Fig. 9.27a
Origin: Spines of
upper thoracic
vertebrae
Insertion: Medial
margin of scapula
Action: Adducts,
elevates and
rotates scapula
Fig. 9.27d
Posterior
Rhomboideus minor
Fig. 9.27a
Origin: Spines of
lower cervical
vertebrae
Insertion: Medial
margin of scapula
Action: Adducts,
and elevates
scapula
Origins of Muscles that Move the Humerus
(Upper Arm)
2 Originate on Axial Skeleton
• Pectoralis major *
• Latissimus dorsi
7 Originate on Scapula
• Deltoid *
• Suprascapularis
• Infrascapularis
• Teres minor
• Subscapularis
• Teres major
• Coracobrachialis
Rotator cuff
Muscles
Muscles that Move the Humerus (Arm)
2 Flexors *
Pectoralis major
Coracobrachialis
2 Extensors *
Latissimus dorsi
Teres major
* The muscles that flex and
extend the humerus also
act as adductors
2 Abductors
Deltoid
Supraspinatus
3 Rotators
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Subscapularis
Fig. 9.28
Pectoralis major *
Origin: Clavicle, sternum,
and costal cartilages of
upper ribs
Insertion: Intertubercular
groove of humerus
Action: Flexes, adducts and
rotates arm medially
Anterior
Fig. 9.31a
Fig. 9.31d
Coracobrachialis
Origin: Coracoid
process of the
scapula
Insertion: Shaft of
humerus medial
side
Action: Flexes and
adducts the arm
Anterior
Latissimus dorsi
Fig. 9.27a
Posterior
Fig. 9.27d
Origin: spines of
vertebrae, iliac
crest and lower
ribs
Insertion:
Intertubercular
groove humerus
Action:Extends,
adducts and
rotates arm
medially
Teres major
Fig. 9.29b
Posterior
Origin: Lateral
Fig. 9.29a
Posterior
border of
scapula
Insertion:
Intertubercular
groove of
humerus
Action:
Extends,
adducts and
rotates arm
medially
Fig. 9.31a
Deltoid *
Anterior
Fig. 9.29a
Posterior
Origin:
Spine and
acromion
of scapula, &
clavicle
Insertion:
Deltoid
tuberosity of
humerus
Action:
Abducts,
flexes, and
extends arm.
Fig. 9.29c
Supraspinatus
Origin: Posterior surface
of scapula above spine
Insertion: Greater tubercle
of humerus
Action: Abducts arm
Posterior
Fig. 9.29b
Infraspinatus
Origin: Posterior surface
of scapula below spine
Insertion: Greater
tubercle of humerus
Action: Rotates arm
laterally
Posterior
Fig. 9.29c
Fig. 9.29a
Teres minor
Origin: Lateral
border of scapula
Insertion:
Greater tubercle
of humerus
Action: Rotates
arm laterally
Posterior
Fig. 9.31a
Fig. 9.31c
Subscapularis
Origin: Anterior
surface of scapula
Insertion: Lesser
tubercle of humerus
Action: Rotates
arm medially
Anterior
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Rotator Cuff Muscles
S
I
T
S
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Subscapularis
Assist the joint capsule, coracohumeral ligament,
glenohumeral ligament and transverse ligament in
stabilizing the shoulder joint
Rotator Cuff
S
I
A
T
B
S
Anterior
From: Anatomy & Physiology: Seeley, Stephens and Tate 6th Ed.
Fig. 9.30
Pectoralis major
Serratus anterior
Coracobrachialis
Deltoid
Teres major
Latissimus dorsi
Humerus
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Muscles that Move the
Forearm
• Biceps
brachii *
• Brachialis *
• Brachioradialis
• Triceps brachii *
• Supinator
• Pronator teres
• Pronator quadratus
Actions of the Muscles that
Move the Forearm
3 Flexors
Biceps brachii
Brachialis
Brachioradialis
“3” Extensors
Triceps brachii
3 Rotators
Supinator
Pronator teres
Pronator quadratus
Fig. 9.31b
Anterior
Biceps brachii *
Short head
Long head
Origin: Short head - Coracoid
process
Long head - Tubercle above
glenoid cavity of scapula
Insertion: Radial tuberosity
and aponeurosis
Action: Flexes forearm at
elbow and rotates arm
laterally (supinates)
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Fig. 9.31a
Fig. 9.31d
Brachialis *
Origin: Anterior
shaft of humerus
Insertion: Coronoid
process of the ulna
Action: Flexes
forearm at the
elbow
Anterior
Fig. 9.32a
Fig. 9.32b
Brachioradialis
Origin: Lateral border
of the distal end of the
humerus
Insertion: Superior
to styloid process
of the radius
Action: Flexes forearm
at elbow
Anterior
Fig. 9.29d
Posterior
Triceps brachii *
Origin: Tubercle below
glenoid cavity and lateral
and medial surfaces of the
humerus
Insertion: Olecranon
process of the ulna
Action: Extends elbow
Posterior
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Fig. 9.32a
Anterior
Supinator
Origin: Lateral
epicondyle
of humerus
and ridge near
the radial notch
of ulna
Insertion: Lateral
surface of proximal
third of radius
Action: Rotates
forearm laterally
(supinates hand)
From: Anatomy & Physiology: Seeley, Stephens and Tate 6th Ed.
Fig. 9.32c
Pronator teres
Origin: Medial epicondyle
of humerus and coronoid
process of ulna
Insertion: Lateral surface
of radius
Action: Rotates forearm
medially (pronates
hand)
Anterior
Fig. 9.32c
Pronator quadratus
Origin: Anterior distal end
of ulna
Insertion: Anterior distal
end of radius
I
O
Action: Rotates forearm
medially (pronates
hand)
Anterior
Fig. 9.30
Short head of biceps brachii
Long head of
biceps brachii
Humerus
Triceps brachii
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Muscles that Move the Hand
• Flexor carpi radialis
• Palmaris longus
• Flexor carpi ulnaris
• Extensor carpi radialis longus
• Extensor carpi radialis brevis
• Extensor carpi ulnaris
Actions of the Muscles that
Move the Hand
3 Flexors
Flexor carpi radialis
Palmaris longus
Flexor carpi ulnaris
3 Extensors
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Fig. 9.32a
Fig. 9.32d
Flexor carpi radialis
Origin: Medial
epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: Base of
2nd and 3rd
metacarpals
Action: Flexes wrist
and abducts hand
Anterior
Fig. 9.32a
Palmaris longus
Origin: Medial epicondyle
of humerus
Insertion: Fascia of palm
Action: Flexes wrist
Anterior
Fig. 9.32a
Ant
Fig. 9.32b
Ant
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Post
9.33a
Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus
and olecranon
process of the ulna
Insertion: Carpal &
metacarpal bones
Action: Flexes
wrist and adducts
hand
Fig. 9.33a
Fig. 9.33c
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Origin: Lateral epicondyle
of humerus
Insertion: Carpal and
metacarpal bones
Action: Extends and
adducts hand
Posterior
Fig. 9.33a
Fig. 9.33b
Extensor carpi radialis
longus
brevis
Origin: longus - distal end
of humerus
brevis - lateral epicondyle of
humerus
Insertion: longus - base of
2nd metacarpal
brevis - base of 2nd & 3rd
metacarpal
Action: Extends wrist &
abducts hand
Posterior
Muscles that Move the Fingers
• Flexor digitorum superficialis
• Flexor digitorum profundus
• Extensor digitorum
Actions of the Muscles that Move
the Fingers
2 Flexors
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Flexor digitorum profundus
1 Extensor
Extensor digitorum
Fig. 9.32a
Fig. 9.32e
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Origin: Medial epicondyle of
humerus, olecranon process
of ulna, and the radius
Insertion: Tendons of the
fingers
Action: Flexes the fingers
and wrist
Anterior
Anterior
Flexor digitorum profundus
Origin: Anterior surface of
ulna
Insertion: Bases of distal
phalanges 2 through 5
Action: Flexes the distal
joints of the fingers
From: Anatomy & Physiology:
Seeley, Stephens and Tate 6th Ed.
Fig. 9.33a
Fig. 9.33c
Extensor digitorum
Origin: Lateral epicondyle
of the humerus
Insertion: Posterior
surfaces of phalanges
in fingers 2 through 5
Action: Extends fingers
and wrist
Posterior
Fig. 9.34b
Abductor pollicis longus m.
Extensor digitorum m.
Flexor pollicis longus m.
Extensor carpi
ulnaris m.
Radius
Extensor pollicis
longus m.
Extensor carpi
radialis brevis m.
p
p
Extensor carpi
radialis longus m.
p
Pronator teres m.
Ulna
Flexor digitorum
profundus m.
Ulnar n.
Brachioradialis m.
Ulnar a.
Radial n.
Flexor carpi ulnaris m.
Radial a.
Median n.
Flexor carpi radialis m.
Anterior
Flexor digitorum
superficialis m.
Palmaris longus m.
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Flexor retinaculum
Extensor retinaculum