St. Leo the Great School
Grade 7 Science
Chapter 11 Protists and Fungi
Unit Essential Question: Protists and Fungi are eukaryotes.
Lesson One Essential
Questions
What are the
characteristics of
protists?
What are four ways
that protists get food?
What are three ways
that protists
reproduce?
Lesson One terms
Protist
Heterotroph
Parasite
Host
Lesson One Protists
General Characteristics
•
•
_________
A
is a member of the kingdom Protista.
Most protists are single-celled organisms, but some are made of many cells,
and others live in colonies.
Eukaryotic Organisms
All protists are eukaryotic, which means that their cells each have a nucleus.
Types of Protists
_________
1.
2. Heterotrophs
1. _________ _________ _________
2. ______________
3. _____________
1. _____________ Like green plants, these protists make their own food
through photosynthesis.
___________
2.
are organisms that cannot make their own food.
These protists must get food from their environment.
___________ ___________ - eat small living
A. Heterotrophs
organisms. They eat bacteria, yeast, or other Protists
B.
___________ get energy by breaking down dead organic material.
•
C.
___________ invades another organism to get the nutrients it needs.
The organism that a parasite invades is called a
Producing More Protists
•
host.
___________ ___________ Most protists reproduce
asexually. In asexual reproduction, the offspring come from just one parent.
•
___________
___________ Fission a single protist divides into two cells
___________ ___________ a single protist divides into more than
two offspring
Sexual Reproduction Some Protists can reproduce sexually. Sexual reproduction
requires two parents.
Conjugation two paramecium exchange genetic material.
Then they divide to produce four offspring.
Page 1
Mr. Swope
St. Leo the Great School
Grade 7 Science
Chapter 11 Protists and Fungi
Unit Essential Question: Protists and Fungi are eukaryotes.
Lesson One Evaluation
Describe the
characteristics of
Protists.
Describe four ways
that Protists get food.
Describe three ways
that Protists reproduce.
•
•
___________
Many
can reproduce asexually and sexually. In some
protist producers, the kind of reproduction alternates by generation.
For example, a parent will reproduce asexually, and its offspring will
reproduce sexually.
___________ ___________ Cycles Some protists have complex
reproductive cycles. These protists may change forms many times. The next slide
shows the life cycle of Plasmodium vivax, the protist that causes the disease malaria.
End of Lesson One
Lesson Two Kinds of Protists
___________ ___________
Lesson Two Essential
Questions
Describe how protists
can be organized into
three groups based on
their shared traits.
List an example for
each group of protists.
Lesson Two Terms
Algae
Phytoplankton
Diatoms
Euglenoids
Ameba
Pseudopodia
Zooflagellates
Ciliates
Scientist place protists into three groups based on their shared traits:
1. ___________
2. ___________ ___________ can move
3. ___________ ___________ that can’t move.
Algae are Protists producers that use the sun’s energy to make food through
photosynthesis.
Types of Algea
___________
___________
___________
___________
___________ ___________ are the microscopic single celled algae
that float near the surface of marine or fresh water.
Provide food for organisms in water
Produce much of the world’s oxygen
Seaweed is an algae made of many cells and generally live in shallow water along the
shore.
___________ ___________ Most of the world’s seaweeds are red
algae and live in tropical oceans, attached to rocks or to other algae.
Grow up to 1 meter long
Page 2
Mr. Swope
St. Leo the Great School
Grade 7 Science
Chapter 11 Protists and Fungi
Unit Essential Question: Protists and Fungi are eukaryotes.
___________ ___________ are the most diverse group of Protists
producers.
Most live in water or moist soil.
But others live in melting snow, on tree trunks, and inside other organisms.
Many are single celled
Some live in groups called colonies
Grow up to 8 meters
___________ ________Most of the seaweeds found in cool climates
They attach to rocks or form large floating beds in ocean waters.
Grow up to 60 meters long
___________ are single celled. They are found in both salt water and fresh
water and make up a large percentage of phytoplankton.
Cell wall contain silica encloses a two part shell.
__________________have two whiplike strands called flagella.
The beating of these flagella causes the cells to spin through the water.
Most live in salt water, but some live in fresh water or snow.
Most are producers
___________ are single-celled protists and live in fresh water. Many
euglenoids are producers, but can also get food as heterotrophs. Other eugelnoids are
full time consumers or decomposers.
Heterotrophs That Can Move
Heterotrophic Protists that can move are often called protozoans.
___________
___________
___________
___________
___________ and similar amoeba-like protists are soft, jellylike protozoans.
They are found in both fresh and salt water, in soil, and as parasites in animals.
Although amoebas look shapeless, they are highly structured cells.
___________ Movement Amoebas and amoeba-like Protists move with
pseudopodia. Pseudopodia means “false feet.” Amoebas and amoeba-like Protists use
pseudopodia to catch food, too.
Page 3
Mr. Swope
St. Leo the Great School
Grade 7 Science
Chapter 11 Protists and Fungi
Unit Essential Question: Protists and Fungi are eukaryotes.
___________ ___________ -Like Protists Not all amoeba-like
protists look shapeless. Some have an outer shell.
Foraminiferans have snail-like shells
50,000 shells in one gram of sand
______________________.
Forms thick layers of
Cliffs of Dover England
Made of Foraminiferans
___________ Flagellates are Protists that wave flagella back and forth to
move. Some flagellates live in water. Others live in the bodies of other organisms.
___________ Ciliates are complex protists. They have hundreds of tiny,
hairlike structures known as cilia. Ciliates use their cilia for movement and also for
feeding. The best-known genus of ciliates is Paramecium.
___________ That Can’t Move
Some Protists heterotrophs are parasites that do not move about. Others can only
move at certain phases of their life cycle.
___________ ___________
___________ ___________ protists
___________ molds
___________ molds
___________ -___________ Protists
Lesson Two Evaluation
Describe how Protists
can be organized into
three groups based on
their shared traits.
List an example for
each group of Protists.
Page 4
Most are parasites. They absorb nutrients from their hosts.
Spore-forming Protists have complicated life cycles that usually include two or more
hosts.
Malaria is an example
___________ Molds live in water, moist soil, or other organisms.
Some are decomposers and eat dead matter.
Many are parasites.
Slime Molds can move only at certain phases of their life cycle.
Live in cool, moist places in the woods.
Use pseudipodia to move around.
Form spores that cannot move when environmental conditions are stressful.
End Of Lesson Two
Mr. Swope
St. Leo the Great School
Grade 7 Science
Chapter 11 Protists and Fungi
Unit Essential Question: Protists and Fungi are eukaryotes.
Lesson Three Essential
Questions
What are the
characteristics of
fungi?
What are the four
main groups of fungi?
How lichens affect their
environment?
Lesson Three Terms
Fungus
Hypha
Mycellium
Spore
Mold
Lichen
Lesson Three
Fungi
Characteristics of Fungi
___________
are eukaryotic heterotrophs that have rigid cell walls and no
chlorophyll.
They are so different from other organisms that they are placed in their own kingdom.
___________ cannot catch or surround food.
Fungi must live on or near their food supply.
___________
Most fungi are
, but some are decomposers and others are
parasites.
Hidden from View Multicellular fungi are made up of chains of cells called
___________. Most of the hyphae grow together form an underground mass
called the ___________, which makes up the major part of the fungus.
Making More Fungi Reproduction in fungi may be either asexual or sexual.
Asexual reproduction
1. ___________ break apart, and each new piece becomes a new
fungus.
2. ___________ are small reproductive cells that are protected by a
thick cell wall.
When the growing conditions are right, a spore will grow into a new fungus.
Sexual Reproduction
3. ___________ structures form to make sex cells. The sex cells
join to produce sexual spores that grow into a new fungus.
Kinds of Fungi
Fungi are classified based on their shape and the way that they reproduce.
___________ fungi
___________ fungi
___________ fungi
___________ ___________ fungi
_______________ fungi
Page 5
Mr. Swope
St. Leo the Great School
Grade 7 Science
Chapter 11 Protists and Fungi
Unit Essential Question: Protists and Fungi are eukaryotes.
1.
___________ Fungi
Most threadlike fungi live in the soil and are
decomposers. However, some threadlike fungi are parasites.
___________ are a threadlike fungi.
Threadlike fungi can reproduce asexually or sexually.
2.
___________ Fungi are the largest group of fungi. Sac fungi
include yeasts, powdery mildews, truffles, and morels Sac fungi can reproduce
both asexually and sexually during their life cycles. Most of the time, they use
asexual reproduction.
Lesson Three
Evaluation
Describe the
characteristics of fungi.
Distinguish between
the four main groups of
fungi.
Explain how lichens
affect their
environment.
3.
___________ Fungi
4.
_________________ Club Fungi
5.
___________ Fungi
Mushrooms belong to a group of fungi
called club fungi. Club fungi reproduce sexually. During reproduction, they
grow special hyphae that form clublike structures.
Mushrooms are not the
only club fungi. Bracket fungi, puff-balls, smuts, and rusts are also club fungi.
The imperfect fungi group includes all of the
species of fungi that do not quite fit in the other groups. These fungi do not
reproduce sexually.
Most imperfect fungi are parasites that cause diseases in plants and animals. But
some imperfect fungi, such as Penicillium, are useful.
___________
A lichen is a combination of a fungus and an alga that grow together. The alga actually
lives inside the protective walls of the fungus.
___________ are ___________. The algae produce
food through _______________. And unlike algae, the fungi keeps the
lichen from drying out. Lichens are found in ___________ every
___________ environment.
Unlike fungi,
End Of Lesson Three
End Of Chapter 11
Page 6
Mr. Swope
St. Leo the Great School
Grade 7 Science
Chapter 11 Protists and Fungi
Unit Essential Question: Protists and Fungi are eukaryotes.
Lesson One Essential
Questions
What are the
characteristics of
protists?
What are four ways
that protists get food?
What are three ways
that protists
reproduce?
Lesson One terms
Protist
Heterotroph
Parasite
Host
Lesson One Protists
General Characteristics
•
•
protist
A
is a member of the kingdom Protista.
Most protists are single-celled organisms, but some are made of many cells,
and others live in colonies.
Eukaryotic Organisms
All protists are eukaryotic, which means that their cells each have a nucleus.
Types of Protists
3. Producers
4. Heterotrophs
1. Heterotrophs animal like
2. Decomposers
3. Parasite
1. Producers Like green plants, these protists make their own food through
photosynthesis.
Heterotrophs
2.
are organisms that cannot make their own food.
These protists must get food from their environment.
animal like- eat small living organisms. They eat bacteria,
A. Heterotrophs
yeast, or other Protists
B.
Decomposers get energy by breaking down dead organic material.
•
C.
Parasite
invades another organism to get the nutrients it needs.
The organism that a parasite invades is called a
Producing More Protists
•
host.
Asexual Reproduction
Most protists reproduce asexually. In
asexual reproduction, the offspring come from just one parent.
•
Fission
Binary Fission a single protist divides into two cells
Multiple Fission a single protist divides into more than two
Page 7
offspring
Sexual Reproduction Some Protists can reproduce sexually. Sexual reproduction
requires two parents.
Conjugation two paramecium exchange genetic material.
Mr. Swope
St. Leo the Great School
Grade 7 Science
Chapter 11 Protists and Fungi
Unit Essential Question: Protists and Fungi are eukaryotes.
Then they divide to produce four offspring.
Lesson One Evaluation
Describe the
characteristics of
Protists.
Describe four ways
that Protists get food.
Describe three ways
that Protists reproduce.
•
•
protists
Many
can reproduce asexually and sexually. In some protist
producers, the kind of reproduction alternates by generation.
For example, a parent will reproduce asexually, and its offspring will
reproduce sexually.
Reproductive Cycles Some protists have complex reproductive cycles.
These protists may change forms many times. The next slide shows the life cycle of
Plasmodium vivax, the protist that causes the disease malaria.
End of Lesson One
Lesson Two Kinds of Protists
Lesson Two Essential
Questions
Describe how protists
can be organized into
three groups based on
their shared traits.
List an example for
each group of protists.
Lesson Two Terms
Algae
Phytoplankton
Diatoms
Euglenoids
Ameba
Pseudopodia
Zooflagellates
Ciliates
Protist Producers
Scientist place protists into three groups based on their shared traits:
4. Producers
5. Heterotrophs that can move
6. Heterotrophs that can’t move.
Algae are Protists producers that use the sun’s energy to make food through
photosynthesis.
Types of Algea
Phytoplankton
Red Algae
Green Algae
Brown Algae
Phytoplankton are the microscopic single celled algae that float near the
surface of marine or fresh water.
Provide food for organisms in water
Produce much of the world’s oxygen
Seaweed is an algae made of many cells and generally live in shallow water along the
shore.
Red Algae
Most of the world’s seaweeds are red algae and live in tropical
oceans, attached to rocks or to other algae.
Grow up to 1 meter long
Green Algae
Page 8
Mr. Swope
are the most diverse group of Protists producers.
St. Leo the Great School
Grade 7 Science
Chapter 11 Protists and Fungi
Unit Essential Question: Protists and Fungi are eukaryotes.
Most live in water or moist soil.
But others live in melting snow, on tree trunks, and inside other organisms.
Many are single celled
Some live in groups called colonies
Grow up to 8 meters
Brown Algae
Most of the seaweeds found in cool climates
They attach to rocks or form large floating beds in ocean waters.
Grow up to 60 meters long
Diatoms are single celled. They are found in both salt water and fresh water
and make up a large percentage of phytoplankton.
Cell wall contain silica encloses a two part shell.
Dinoflagellates have two whiplike strands called flagella.
The beating of these flagella causes the cells to spin through the water.
Most live in salt water, but some live in fresh water or snow.
Most are producers
Euglenoids are single-celled protists and live in fresh water. Many euglenoids
are producers, but can also get food as heterotrophs. Other eugelnoids are full time
consumers or decomposers.
Heterotrophs That Can Move
Heterotrophic Protists that can move are often called protozoans.
Protozoans
Amoebas
Zooflagellates
Ciliates
Amoebas and similar amoeba-like protists are soft, jellylike protozoans. They
are found in both fresh and salt water, in soil, and as parasites in animals.
Although amoebas look shapeless, they are highly structured cells.
Amoebic Movement Amoebas and amoeba-like Protists move with
pseudopodia. Pseudopodia means “false feet.” Amoebas and amoeba-like Protists use
pseudopodia to catch food, too.
Shelled Amoeba-Like Protists Not all amoeba-like protists look
shapeless. Some have an outer shell.
Page 9
Mr. Swope
St. Leo the Great School
Grade 7 Science
Chapter 11 Protists and Fungi
Unit Essential Question: Protists and Fungi are eukaryotes.
Foraminiferans have snail-like shells
50,000 shells in one gram of sand
sediments of chalk.
Forms thick layers of
Cliffs of Dover England
Made of Foraminiferans
Zooflagellates Flagellates are Protists that wave flagella back and forth to
move. Some flagellates live in water. Others live in the bodies of other organisms.
Ciliates
Ciliates are complex protists. They have hundreds of tiny, hairlike
structures known as cilia. Ciliates use their cilia for movement and also for feeding.
The best-known genus of ciliates is Paramecium.
Heterotrophs That Can’t Move
Some Protists heterotrophs are parasites that do not move about. Others can only
move at certain phases of their life cycle.
Heterotrophs That Can’t Move
Spore-forming protists
Water molds
Slime molds
Spore-Forming Protists
Most are parasites. They absorb nutrients from their hosts.
Spore-forming Protists have complicated life cycles that usually include two or more
hosts.
Malaria is an example
Lesson Two Evaluation
Describe how Protists
can be organized into
three groups based on
their shared traits.
List an example for
each group of Protists.
Water Molds live in water, moist soil, or other organisms.
Some are decomposers and eat dead matter.
Many are parasites.
Slime Molds can move only at certain phases of their life cycle.
Live in cool, moist places in the woods.
Use pseudipodia to move around.
Form spores that cannot move when environmental conditions are stressful.
End Of Lesson Two
Lesson Three
Fungi
Page Mr. Swope
10
St. Leo the Great School
Grade 7 Science
Chapter 11 Protists and Fungi
Unit Essential Question: Protists and Fungi are eukaryotes.
Characteristics of Fungi
Lesson Three Essential
Questions
What are the
characteristics of
fungi?
What are the four
main groups of fungi?
How lichens affect their
environment?
Lesson Three Terms
Fungus
Hypha
Mycellium
Spore
Mold
Lichen
Fungi are eukaryotic heterotrophs that have rigid cell walls and no chlorophyll.
They are so different from other organisms that they are placed in their own kingdom.
Fungi
cannot catch or surround food.
Fungi must live on or near their food supply.
consumers
Most fungi are
, but some are decomposers and others are
parasites.
Hidden from View Multicellular fungi are made up of chains of cells called
hyphae. Most of the hyphae grow together form an underground mass called the
mycelium, which makes up the major part of the fungus.
Making More Fungi Reproduction in fungi may be either asexual or sexual.
Asexual reproduction
4. Hyphae break apart, and each new piece becomes a new fungus.
5. Spores are small reproductive cells that are protected by a thick cell wall.
When the growing conditions are right, a spore will grow into a new fungus.
Sexual Reproduction
6. Special structures form to make sex cells. The sex cells join to
produce sexual spores that grow into a new fungus.
Kinds of Fungi
Fungi are classified based on their shape and the way that they reproduce.
Threadlike fungi
Sac fungi
Club fungi
Nonmushroom Club fungi
Imperfect fungi
Page Mr. Swope
11
St. Leo the Great School
Grade 7 Science
Chapter 11 Protists and Fungi
Unit Essential Question: Protists and Fungi are eukaryotes.
6.
Threadlike Fungi
Most threadlike fungi live in the soil and are
decomposers. However, some threadlike fungi are parasites.
Molds are a threadlike fungi.
Threadlike fungi can reproduce asexually or sexually.
7.
Sac Fungi are the largest group of fungi. Sac fungi include yeasts,
powdery mildews, truffles, and morels Sac fungi can reproduce both asexually
and sexually during their life cycles. Most of the time, they use asexual
reproduction.
8.
Club Fungi
9.
Nonmushroom Club Fungi
10.
Imperfect Fungi
Mushrooms belong to a group of fungi called club fungi.
Club fungi reproduce sexually. During reproduction, they grow special hyphae
that form clublike structures.
Mushrooms are not the only
club fungi. Bracket fungi, puff-balls, smuts, and rusts are also club fungi.
The imperfect fungi group includes all of the
species of fungi that do not quite fit in the other groups. These fungi do not
reproduce sexually.
Most imperfect fungi are parasites that cause diseases in plants and animals. But
some imperfect fungi, such as Penicillium, are useful.
Lesson Three
Evaluation
Describe the
characteristics of fungi.
Distinguish between
the four main groups of
fungi.
Explain how lichens
affect their
environment.
Lichens
A lichen is a combination of a fungus and an alga that grow together. The alga actually
lives inside the protective walls of the fungus.
lichens are producers. The algae produce food through
photosynthesis. And unlike algae, the fungi keeps the lichen from drying
out. Lichens are found in almost every land environment.
Unlike fungi,
End Of Lesson Three
End Of Chapter 11
Page Mr. Swope
12
St. Leo the Great School
Grade 7 Science
Chapter 11 Protists and Fungi
Unit Essential Question: Protists and Fungi are eukaryotes.
Protists
Heterotroph
Parasite
Page Mr. Swope
13
St. Leo the Great School
Grade 7 Science
Chapter 11 Protists and Fungi
Unit Essential Question: Protists and Fungi are eukaryotes.
Host
Algae
Phytoplankton
Page Mr. Swope
14
St. Leo the Great School
Grade 7 Science
Chapter 11 Protists and Fungi
Unit Essential Question: Protists and Fungi are eukaryotes.
Diatoms
Euglenoids
Ameba
Page Mr. Swope
15
St. Leo the Great School
Grade 7 Science
Chapter 11 Protists and Fungi
Unit Essential Question: Protists and Fungi are eukaryotes.
Pseudopodia
Zooflagellates
Ciliates
Page Mr. Swope
16
St. Leo the Great School
Grade 7 Science
Chapter 11 Protists and Fungi
Unit Essential Question: Protists and Fungi are eukaryotes.
Fungus
Hypha
Mycelium
Page Mr. Swope
17
St. Leo the Great School
Grade 7 Science
Chapter 11 Protists and Fungi
Unit Essential Question: Protists and Fungi are eukaryotes.
Spore
Mold
Lichen
Page Mr. Swope
18