St. Leo the Great School Grade 7 Science Chapter 11 Protists and Fungi Unit Essential Question: Protists and Fungi are eukaryotes. Lesson One Essential Questions What are the characteristics of protists? What are four ways that protists get food? What are three ways that protists reproduce? Lesson One terms Protist Heterotroph Parasite Host Lesson One Protists General Characteristics • • _________ A is a member of the kingdom Protista. Most protists are single-celled organisms, but some are made of many cells, and others live in colonies. Eukaryotic Organisms All protists are eukaryotic, which means that their cells each have a nucleus. Types of Protists _________ 1. 2. Heterotrophs 1. _________ _________ _________ 2. ______________ 3. _____________ 1. _____________ Like green plants, these protists make their own food through photosynthesis. ___________ 2. are organisms that cannot make their own food. These protists must get food from their environment. ___________ ___________ - eat small living A. Heterotrophs organisms. They eat bacteria, yeast, or other Protists B. ___________ get energy by breaking down dead organic material. • C. ___________ invades another organism to get the nutrients it needs. The organism that a parasite invades is called a Producing More Protists • host. ___________ ___________ Most protists reproduce asexually. In asexual reproduction, the offspring come from just one parent. • ___________ ___________ Fission a single protist divides into two cells ___________ ___________ a single protist divides into more than two offspring Sexual Reproduction Some Protists can reproduce sexually. Sexual reproduction requires two parents. Conjugation two paramecium exchange genetic material. Then they divide to produce four offspring. Page 1 Mr. Swope St. Leo the Great School Grade 7 Science Chapter 11 Protists and Fungi Unit Essential Question: Protists and Fungi are eukaryotes. Lesson One Evaluation Describe the characteristics of Protists. Describe four ways that Protists get food. Describe three ways that Protists reproduce. • • ___________ Many can reproduce asexually and sexually. In some protist producers, the kind of reproduction alternates by generation. For example, a parent will reproduce asexually, and its offspring will reproduce sexually. ___________ ___________ Cycles Some protists have complex reproductive cycles. These protists may change forms many times. The next slide shows the life cycle of Plasmodium vivax, the protist that causes the disease malaria. End of Lesson One Lesson Two Kinds of Protists ___________ ___________ Lesson Two Essential Questions Describe how protists can be organized into three groups based on their shared traits. List an example for each group of protists. Lesson Two Terms Algae Phytoplankton Diatoms Euglenoids Ameba Pseudopodia Zooflagellates Ciliates Scientist place protists into three groups based on their shared traits: 1. ___________ 2. ___________ ___________ can move 3. ___________ ___________ that can’t move. Algae are Protists producers that use the sun’s energy to make food through photosynthesis. Types of Algea ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ are the microscopic single celled algae that float near the surface of marine or fresh water. Provide food for organisms in water Produce much of the world’s oxygen Seaweed is an algae made of many cells and generally live in shallow water along the shore. ___________ ___________ Most of the world’s seaweeds are red algae and live in tropical oceans, attached to rocks or to other algae. Grow up to 1 meter long Page 2 Mr. Swope St. Leo the Great School Grade 7 Science Chapter 11 Protists and Fungi Unit Essential Question: Protists and Fungi are eukaryotes. ___________ ___________ are the most diverse group of Protists producers. Most live in water or moist soil. But others live in melting snow, on tree trunks, and inside other organisms. Many are single celled Some live in groups called colonies Grow up to 8 meters ___________ ________Most of the seaweeds found in cool climates They attach to rocks or form large floating beds in ocean waters. Grow up to 60 meters long ___________ are single celled. They are found in both salt water and fresh water and make up a large percentage of phytoplankton. Cell wall contain silica encloses a two part shell. __________________have two whiplike strands called flagella. The beating of these flagella causes the cells to spin through the water. Most live in salt water, but some live in fresh water or snow. Most are producers ___________ are single-celled protists and live in fresh water. Many euglenoids are producers, but can also get food as heterotrophs. Other eugelnoids are full time consumers or decomposers. Heterotrophs That Can Move Heterotrophic Protists that can move are often called protozoans. ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ and similar amoeba-like protists are soft, jellylike protozoans. They are found in both fresh and salt water, in soil, and as parasites in animals. Although amoebas look shapeless, they are highly structured cells. ___________ Movement Amoebas and amoeba-like Protists move with pseudopodia. Pseudopodia means “false feet.” Amoebas and amoeba-like Protists use pseudopodia to catch food, too. Page 3 Mr. Swope St. Leo the Great School Grade 7 Science Chapter 11 Protists and Fungi Unit Essential Question: Protists and Fungi are eukaryotes. ___________ ___________ -Like Protists Not all amoeba-like protists look shapeless. Some have an outer shell. Foraminiferans have snail-like shells 50,000 shells in one gram of sand ______________________. Forms thick layers of Cliffs of Dover England Made of Foraminiferans ___________ Flagellates are Protists that wave flagella back and forth to move. Some flagellates live in water. Others live in the bodies of other organisms. ___________ Ciliates are complex protists. They have hundreds of tiny, hairlike structures known as cilia. Ciliates use their cilia for movement and also for feeding. The best-known genus of ciliates is Paramecium. ___________ That Can’t Move Some Protists heterotrophs are parasites that do not move about. Others can only move at certain phases of their life cycle. ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ protists ___________ molds ___________ molds ___________ -___________ Protists Lesson Two Evaluation Describe how Protists can be organized into three groups based on their shared traits. List an example for each group of Protists. Page 4 Most are parasites. They absorb nutrients from their hosts. Spore-forming Protists have complicated life cycles that usually include two or more hosts. Malaria is an example ___________ Molds live in water, moist soil, or other organisms. Some are decomposers and eat dead matter. Many are parasites. Slime Molds can move only at certain phases of their life cycle. Live in cool, moist places in the woods. Use pseudipodia to move around. Form spores that cannot move when environmental conditions are stressful. End Of Lesson Two Mr. Swope St. Leo the Great School Grade 7 Science Chapter 11 Protists and Fungi Unit Essential Question: Protists and Fungi are eukaryotes. Lesson Three Essential Questions What are the characteristics of fungi? What are the four main groups of fungi? How lichens affect their environment? Lesson Three Terms Fungus Hypha Mycellium Spore Mold Lichen Lesson Three Fungi Characteristics of Fungi ___________ are eukaryotic heterotrophs that have rigid cell walls and no chlorophyll. They are so different from other organisms that they are placed in their own kingdom. ___________ cannot catch or surround food. Fungi must live on or near their food supply. ___________ Most fungi are , but some are decomposers and others are parasites. Hidden from View Multicellular fungi are made up of chains of cells called ___________. Most of the hyphae grow together form an underground mass called the ___________, which makes up the major part of the fungus. Making More Fungi Reproduction in fungi may be either asexual or sexual. Asexual reproduction 1. ___________ break apart, and each new piece becomes a new fungus. 2. ___________ are small reproductive cells that are protected by a thick cell wall. When the growing conditions are right, a spore will grow into a new fungus. Sexual Reproduction 3. ___________ structures form to make sex cells. The sex cells join to produce sexual spores that grow into a new fungus. Kinds of Fungi Fungi are classified based on their shape and the way that they reproduce. ___________ fungi ___________ fungi ___________ fungi ___________ ___________ fungi _______________ fungi Page 5 Mr. Swope St. Leo the Great School Grade 7 Science Chapter 11 Protists and Fungi Unit Essential Question: Protists and Fungi are eukaryotes. 1. ___________ Fungi Most threadlike fungi live in the soil and are decomposers. However, some threadlike fungi are parasites. ___________ are a threadlike fungi. Threadlike fungi can reproduce asexually or sexually. 2. ___________ Fungi are the largest group of fungi. Sac fungi include yeasts, powdery mildews, truffles, and morels Sac fungi can reproduce both asexually and sexually during their life cycles. Most of the time, they use asexual reproduction. Lesson Three Evaluation Describe the characteristics of fungi. Distinguish between the four main groups of fungi. Explain how lichens affect their environment. 3. ___________ Fungi 4. _________________ Club Fungi 5. ___________ Fungi Mushrooms belong to a group of fungi called club fungi. Club fungi reproduce sexually. During reproduction, they grow special hyphae that form clublike structures. Mushrooms are not the only club fungi. Bracket fungi, puff-balls, smuts, and rusts are also club fungi. The imperfect fungi group includes all of the species of fungi that do not quite fit in the other groups. These fungi do not reproduce sexually. Most imperfect fungi are parasites that cause diseases in plants and animals. But some imperfect fungi, such as Penicillium, are useful. ___________ A lichen is a combination of a fungus and an alga that grow together. The alga actually lives inside the protective walls of the fungus. ___________ are ___________. The algae produce food through _______________. And unlike algae, the fungi keeps the lichen from drying out. Lichens are found in ___________ every ___________ environment. Unlike fungi, End Of Lesson Three End Of Chapter 11 Page 6 Mr. Swope St. Leo the Great School Grade 7 Science Chapter 11 Protists and Fungi Unit Essential Question: Protists and Fungi are eukaryotes. Lesson One Essential Questions What are the characteristics of protists? What are four ways that protists get food? What are three ways that protists reproduce? Lesson One terms Protist Heterotroph Parasite Host Lesson One Protists General Characteristics • • protist A is a member of the kingdom Protista. Most protists are single-celled organisms, but some are made of many cells, and others live in colonies. Eukaryotic Organisms All protists are eukaryotic, which means that their cells each have a nucleus. Types of Protists 3. Producers 4. Heterotrophs 1. Heterotrophs animal like 2. Decomposers 3. Parasite 1. Producers Like green plants, these protists make their own food through photosynthesis. Heterotrophs 2. are organisms that cannot make their own food. These protists must get food from their environment. animal like- eat small living organisms. They eat bacteria, A. Heterotrophs yeast, or other Protists B. Decomposers get energy by breaking down dead organic material. • C. Parasite invades another organism to get the nutrients it needs. The organism that a parasite invades is called a Producing More Protists • host. Asexual Reproduction Most protists reproduce asexually. In asexual reproduction, the offspring come from just one parent. • Fission Binary Fission a single protist divides into two cells Multiple Fission a single protist divides into more than two Page 7 offspring Sexual Reproduction Some Protists can reproduce sexually. Sexual reproduction requires two parents. Conjugation two paramecium exchange genetic material. Mr. Swope St. Leo the Great School Grade 7 Science Chapter 11 Protists and Fungi Unit Essential Question: Protists and Fungi are eukaryotes. Then they divide to produce four offspring. Lesson One Evaluation Describe the characteristics of Protists. Describe four ways that Protists get food. Describe three ways that Protists reproduce. • • protists Many can reproduce asexually and sexually. In some protist producers, the kind of reproduction alternates by generation. For example, a parent will reproduce asexually, and its offspring will reproduce sexually. Reproductive Cycles Some protists have complex reproductive cycles. These protists may change forms many times. The next slide shows the life cycle of Plasmodium vivax, the protist that causes the disease malaria. End of Lesson One Lesson Two Kinds of Protists Lesson Two Essential Questions Describe how protists can be organized into three groups based on their shared traits. List an example for each group of protists. Lesson Two Terms Algae Phytoplankton Diatoms Euglenoids Ameba Pseudopodia Zooflagellates Ciliates Protist Producers Scientist place protists into three groups based on their shared traits: 4. Producers 5. Heterotrophs that can move 6. Heterotrophs that can’t move. Algae are Protists producers that use the sun’s energy to make food through photosynthesis. Types of Algea Phytoplankton Red Algae Green Algae Brown Algae Phytoplankton are the microscopic single celled algae that float near the surface of marine or fresh water. Provide food for organisms in water Produce much of the world’s oxygen Seaweed is an algae made of many cells and generally live in shallow water along the shore. Red Algae Most of the world’s seaweeds are red algae and live in tropical oceans, attached to rocks or to other algae. Grow up to 1 meter long Green Algae Page 8 Mr. Swope are the most diverse group of Protists producers. St. Leo the Great School Grade 7 Science Chapter 11 Protists and Fungi Unit Essential Question: Protists and Fungi are eukaryotes. Most live in water or moist soil. But others live in melting snow, on tree trunks, and inside other organisms. Many are single celled Some live in groups called colonies Grow up to 8 meters Brown Algae Most of the seaweeds found in cool climates They attach to rocks or form large floating beds in ocean waters. Grow up to 60 meters long Diatoms are single celled. They are found in both salt water and fresh water and make up a large percentage of phytoplankton. Cell wall contain silica encloses a two part shell. Dinoflagellates have two whiplike strands called flagella. The beating of these flagella causes the cells to spin through the water. Most live in salt water, but some live in fresh water or snow. Most are producers Euglenoids are single-celled protists and live in fresh water. Many euglenoids are producers, but can also get food as heterotrophs. Other eugelnoids are full time consumers or decomposers. Heterotrophs That Can Move Heterotrophic Protists that can move are often called protozoans. Protozoans Amoebas Zooflagellates Ciliates Amoebas and similar amoeba-like protists are soft, jellylike protozoans. They are found in both fresh and salt water, in soil, and as parasites in animals. Although amoebas look shapeless, they are highly structured cells. Amoebic Movement Amoebas and amoeba-like Protists move with pseudopodia. Pseudopodia means “false feet.” Amoebas and amoeba-like Protists use pseudopodia to catch food, too. Shelled Amoeba-Like Protists Not all amoeba-like protists look shapeless. Some have an outer shell. Page 9 Mr. Swope St. Leo the Great School Grade 7 Science Chapter 11 Protists and Fungi Unit Essential Question: Protists and Fungi are eukaryotes. Foraminiferans have snail-like shells 50,000 shells in one gram of sand sediments of chalk. Forms thick layers of Cliffs of Dover England Made of Foraminiferans Zooflagellates Flagellates are Protists that wave flagella back and forth to move. Some flagellates live in water. Others live in the bodies of other organisms. Ciliates Ciliates are complex protists. They have hundreds of tiny, hairlike structures known as cilia. Ciliates use their cilia for movement and also for feeding. The best-known genus of ciliates is Paramecium. Heterotrophs That Can’t Move Some Protists heterotrophs are parasites that do not move about. Others can only move at certain phases of their life cycle. Heterotrophs That Can’t Move Spore-forming protists Water molds Slime molds Spore-Forming Protists Most are parasites. They absorb nutrients from their hosts. Spore-forming Protists have complicated life cycles that usually include two or more hosts. Malaria is an example Lesson Two Evaluation Describe how Protists can be organized into three groups based on their shared traits. List an example for each group of Protists. Water Molds live in water, moist soil, or other organisms. Some are decomposers and eat dead matter. Many are parasites. Slime Molds can move only at certain phases of their life cycle. Live in cool, moist places in the woods. Use pseudipodia to move around. Form spores that cannot move when environmental conditions are stressful. End Of Lesson Two Lesson Three Fungi Page Mr. Swope 10 St. Leo the Great School Grade 7 Science Chapter 11 Protists and Fungi Unit Essential Question: Protists and Fungi are eukaryotes. Characteristics of Fungi Lesson Three Essential Questions What are the characteristics of fungi? What are the four main groups of fungi? How lichens affect their environment? Lesson Three Terms Fungus Hypha Mycellium Spore Mold Lichen Fungi are eukaryotic heterotrophs that have rigid cell walls and no chlorophyll. They are so different from other organisms that they are placed in their own kingdom. Fungi cannot catch or surround food. Fungi must live on or near their food supply. consumers Most fungi are , but some are decomposers and others are parasites. Hidden from View Multicellular fungi are made up of chains of cells called hyphae. Most of the hyphae grow together form an underground mass called the mycelium, which makes up the major part of the fungus. Making More Fungi Reproduction in fungi may be either asexual or sexual. Asexual reproduction 4. Hyphae break apart, and each new piece becomes a new fungus. 5. Spores are small reproductive cells that are protected by a thick cell wall. When the growing conditions are right, a spore will grow into a new fungus. Sexual Reproduction 6. Special structures form to make sex cells. The sex cells join to produce sexual spores that grow into a new fungus. Kinds of Fungi Fungi are classified based on their shape and the way that they reproduce. Threadlike fungi Sac fungi Club fungi Nonmushroom Club fungi Imperfect fungi Page Mr. Swope 11 St. Leo the Great School Grade 7 Science Chapter 11 Protists and Fungi Unit Essential Question: Protists and Fungi are eukaryotes. 6. Threadlike Fungi Most threadlike fungi live in the soil and are decomposers. However, some threadlike fungi are parasites. Molds are a threadlike fungi. Threadlike fungi can reproduce asexually or sexually. 7. Sac Fungi are the largest group of fungi. Sac fungi include yeasts, powdery mildews, truffles, and morels Sac fungi can reproduce both asexually and sexually during their life cycles. Most of the time, they use asexual reproduction. 8. Club Fungi 9. Nonmushroom Club Fungi 10. Imperfect Fungi Mushrooms belong to a group of fungi called club fungi. Club fungi reproduce sexually. During reproduction, they grow special hyphae that form clublike structures. Mushrooms are not the only club fungi. Bracket fungi, puff-balls, smuts, and rusts are also club fungi. The imperfect fungi group includes all of the species of fungi that do not quite fit in the other groups. These fungi do not reproduce sexually. Most imperfect fungi are parasites that cause diseases in plants and animals. But some imperfect fungi, such as Penicillium, are useful. Lesson Three Evaluation Describe the characteristics of fungi. Distinguish between the four main groups of fungi. Explain how lichens affect their environment. Lichens A lichen is a combination of a fungus and an alga that grow together. The alga actually lives inside the protective walls of the fungus. lichens are producers. The algae produce food through photosynthesis. And unlike algae, the fungi keeps the lichen from drying out. Lichens are found in almost every land environment. Unlike fungi, End Of Lesson Three End Of Chapter 11 Page Mr. Swope 12 St. Leo the Great School Grade 7 Science Chapter 11 Protists and Fungi Unit Essential Question: Protists and Fungi are eukaryotes. Protists Heterotroph Parasite Page Mr. Swope 13 St. Leo the Great School Grade 7 Science Chapter 11 Protists and Fungi Unit Essential Question: Protists and Fungi are eukaryotes. Host Algae Phytoplankton Page Mr. Swope 14 St. Leo the Great School Grade 7 Science Chapter 11 Protists and Fungi Unit Essential Question: Protists and Fungi are eukaryotes. Diatoms Euglenoids Ameba Page Mr. Swope 15 St. Leo the Great School Grade 7 Science Chapter 11 Protists and Fungi Unit Essential Question: Protists and Fungi are eukaryotes. Pseudopodia Zooflagellates Ciliates Page Mr. Swope 16 St. Leo the Great School Grade 7 Science Chapter 11 Protists and Fungi Unit Essential Question: Protists and Fungi are eukaryotes. Fungus Hypha Mycelium Page Mr. Swope 17 St. Leo the Great School Grade 7 Science Chapter 11 Protists and Fungi Unit Essential Question: Protists and Fungi are eukaryotes. Spore Mold Lichen Page Mr. Swope 18