Unit 2: Reformation &
Religious Wars
Protestant
Reformation
Martin Luther
Roman Catholic
Church
French Wars of
Religion
England
Thirty Years’ War
Protestant
Reformation
Martin Luther
Roman Catholic
Church
French Wars of
Religion
England
Thirty Years’ War
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Protestant Reformation
Where was the Protestant Reformation strongest?
Protestant Reformation
Answer: Germany, Switzerland, and Netherlands
Protestant Reformation
Why did other religions condemn the Anabaptists?
Protestant Reformation
Answer: Because of their belief in the separation of
church and state and adult baptism
Protestant Reformation
Council of Trent?
Protestant Reformation
Answer: A meeting of the Council of Christiandom in
order to fix the religious differences from conflict in the
Protestant revolts
Protestant Reformation
What did Calvinism emphasize?
Protestant Reformation
Answer: “Predestination” and banning the display of the
Church’s wealth
Protestant Reformation
What did the Protestant Reformation encourage in changes
of the status of women? What was not ‘encouraged’?
Protestant Reformation
Answer: More compassionate marriage, better education for
women, more sensitivity by husbands, and more grounds for
divorce for women. Nunneries to escape wife beating.
Martin Luther
What was Luther’s response to the Peasant Revolts?
Martin Luther
Answer: He denounced the call for social revolution and
embraced the German noble classes
Martin Luther
What are the basic principles to Lutheranism?
Martin Luther
Answer: Salvation by faith alone, authority of the Bible,
and the ministry of all believers
Martin Luther
What was the Marburg Colloquy and what did Luther and
Zwingli disagree with?
Martin Luther
Answer: A meeting between Martin Luther and Ulrich
Zwingli to discuss their disputes. Their main disagreement
was on the presence of Christ in the Eucharist
Martin Luther
What is the 95 Thesis?
Martin Luther
Answer: Luther’s book, which held Luther’s ideology
and teachings (this broke him away from the RCC)
Martin Luther
What is the Diet of Worms and what occurred from it?
Martin Luther
Answer: The imperial meeting where Luther was charged
with heresy. In it, Luther’s teachings (95 Thesis) was
banned along with him being excommunicated.
Roman Catholic Church
What was not a response to the Protestant Reformation by
the RCC?
Roman Catholic Church
Answer: The abolition of the Index of Prohibited Books
Roman Catholic Church
What is the Benefice System?
Roman Catholic Church
Answer: A system where permanent ecclesiastical positions
could be sold to the highest bidder
Roman Catholic Church
Explains that the bread and wine consumed in communion
is the body and blood of Christ
Roman Catholic Church
Answer: Transubstantiation
Roman Catholic Church
Johann Tetzel?
Roman Catholic Church
Answer: A German-Catholic priest who began to sell
indulgences, the ‘guarantee’ of a deceased soul ascending to
Heaven, even after death
Roman Catholic Church
What is the Catholic Counter-Reformation?
Roman Catholic Church
Answer: The RCC’s fight against the Protestant
Reformation by reforming the Catholic Church internally
French Wars Of Religion
True or False: A significant percentage of the French aristocracy aligned itself with the
Huguenots (regarding French Calvinist).
French Wars Of Religion
Answer: True
French Wars Of Religion
Explain the presence of the Huguenots in France.
French Wars Of Religion
Answer: The Huguenots formed in France after Besancon Hugues’
political revolt against the House of Savoy. The Huguenots remained
under surveillance as Lutheran doctrine spread throughout France
(were also seen as a threat after the capture of Francis I by Charles V).
French Wars Of Religion
This event was caused by Catherine de Medici and exemplified the hatred between the French
Protestants and Catholics
French Wars Of Religion
Answer: St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre
French Wars Of Religion
What group was instrumental in ending the Wars of
Religion?
French Wars Of Religion
Answer: The Politiques
French Wars of Religion
What did the Edict of Nantes state and what treaty
supported it?
French Wars Of Religion
Answer: It stated that the Huguenots had the freedom of worship, the
right of assembly, admission to public office and universities, and had
permission to establish and defend towns. The Treaty of Vervins
supported it.
England
What was the Act of Supremacy of 1534?
England
Answer: It gave Henry VIII and Elizabeth I the title “The
Supreme Governor of this realm” (although Elizabeth,
being a politique, never accepted this title)
England
What happened on May 30, 1587?
England
Answer: The Spanish Armada attempted to invade England, but failed
with Elizabeth’s army destroyed the Armada. In result, Spain suffered
great economic loss and was no longer a great European power.
England
Why did Elizabeth want to prevent the Spanish from
invading the Netherlands?
England
Answer: She feared that the Spanish could use the
Netherlands as a staging area for an invasion of England
England
SKIP
England
SKIP
England
In religious affairs, Elizabeth I followed a policy
that…
England
Answer: was a middle course between English Protestants
and Catholics
Thirty Years’ War
By the 16th century, what was the status of the HRE
(Germany)?
Thirty Years’ War
Answer: It was fragmented into 360 provinces, most of which were
independent and ecclesiastical principalities. The German princes also
wanted to make changes such as opposing the efforts to consolidate
the region.
Thirty Years’ War
Explain the relationship of the German Catholics and
Protestants in terms of religious division.
Thirty Years’ War
Answer: Lutherans in 16th century Germany were able to gain political
control over few Catholic areas. In response, Catholics demanded that
those who converted from Catholicism to Lutheranism would be
stripped of their positions in government.
Thirty Years’ War
What did Maximilian of Bavaria do in order to cause the
war?
Thirty Years’ War
Answer: In 1609, he created the Catholic League to counter
the Protestant Alliance formed by Frederick IV (led by
Johann von Tilly)
Thirty Years’ War
What are the main motives for participation in the war
(Christian IV, Richelieu, and Gustavus Adolphus II)?
Thirty Years’ War
Answer: Christian IV: To extend Danish influence over the costal towns of the North Sea.
Richelieu: To protect French interests by keeping the Hapsburg army tied down in Germany.
Gustavus Adolphus II: To defend the Protestants & their beliefs and to destroy the threats of
the Hapsburgs
Thirty Years’ War
What were the outcomes of the 30 Years’ War?
Thirty Years’ War
Answer: The establishment of the Treaty of Augsburg and Westphalia,
the loss of one-third of Germany’s population, France becoming the
European superpower, and the German princes having more power.