Use for Review
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Workbooks and Textbook
DIAGRAMS!!!!
Vocabulary!! Crossword
Note packet (3.3)
Power points (on wiki)
Music videos (you know you love ‘em)
Chapter 3 Review Game
• Each question is worth 1 point
• Teams may receive bonus points for
EXCEPTIONALLY good answers
• Teams may lose points for poor
sportsmanship or any behavior that goes
against the good nature of the game
• Ready, set, go!
List all 6 levels of ecology in order from
smallest to largest
Individual/species, population,
community, ecosystem, biome, biosphere
What is the simplest level of complexity
that includes more than 1 species?
Community
How many of the levels contain only 1
type of organism?
2 – Individual, population
What is the main difference between a
community and an ecosystem?
A community doesn’t include abiotic
factors (rocks, water, sunlight, wind, etc)
and an ecosystem does
What is the relationship between
ecosystems and biomes?
A group of ecosystems (organisms and
their physical environment) are what
make up a biome (similar climate, similar
organisms)
The scientific study of
interactions among organisms and
between organisms and their
environment is called?
Ecology
What does the biosphere contain?
All the parts of the Earth in which life
exists
What’s the difference between a
food chain and a food web?
Food chains only show ONE thing
an organism eats, while food webs
show all the food chains in an
ecosystem.
List the 3 ecological methods and how
ecologists use them
Observation – allows them to ask
questions about organisms/environment
Experimentation – can imitate conditions
that might occur in nature
Modeling – can gain insight on complex
situations or phenomena that is too
big/small to study
Explain what interdependence is (use an
example) and why it is important in terms of
ecology.
Organisms interact with each other and their
environments. Fish depend on water. Animals
that prey on fish would be affected if the water
suddenly dried up. Hence, they are
interdependent
What’s the difference between
biotic and abiotic factors?
Biotic – living
Abiotic – nonliving
Give an example of how a BIOTIC
factor affects another BIOTIC factor
(Something living affects something
else living)
Give an example of how an ABIOTIC
factor affects a BIOTIC factor
(Something nonliving affects something
living)
Which of the following could be
considered biotic:
temperature, weather, soil, humidity,
fire, wind, heat
Soil
IGNORE - DO NOT NEED TO KNOW
List 3 ways that would help you determine
if something was a BIOTIC factor or not–
Made of cells, DNA, responds to
environment, stable internal environment,
requires food for energy, grows, develops,
reproduces, changes over time
What is the scientific term for a
producer, or something that can
make its own food?
Autotroph
How do autotrophs that don’t have
access to sunlight make their food?
Chemosynthesis (use of chemical
energy)
What are 2 things that make primary
producers important to us, as
humans?
1. Produce oxygen in photosynthesis
2. Convert abiotic factors (sunlight,
chemicals) into carbohydrates we use
for energy (WE EAT THEM!)
What EXACTLY do autotrophs do
during photosynthesis?
Use light energy (solar) to convert
CO2 and H2O into O2 and
carbohydrates (sugars like glucose)
Can organisms CREATE their
own energy? Explain
No, energy cannot be created or
destroyed, only transformed into
other forms
What is the scientific term for a
consumer, or something that gets
food by ingesting other organisms?
Heterotroph
What would you call an animal
that breaks down organic matter?
Decomposer
Earthworms, shrimp, snails,
crabs, krill, and mites are all
types of THIS type of consumer.
Detritivore
(SKIP)
Sometimes animals fit into more than 1
category of consumers. Give an example of
an animal that fits into more than 1
category and explain your reasoning.
Lions can be carnivores when they kill and
eat their prey, but may also feed on dead
carcasses, making them scavengers
(SKIP)
What is detritus and where does it
come from?
Broken down organic material that
comes from decomposers
Trophic level pyramid
• When filling in your pyramid, in order to
know which trophic level an organism goes
in, you need to know WHAT the organism
ate, all the way back down the food chain.
• Example 1: A bug eats some algae. The bug
is a __________ consumer.
(primary)
Trophic level pyramid
• Example 2: A fish eats a bug that ate some
(secondary)
algae. The fish is a ________________
consumer.
Trophic level pyramid
• Example 3: A bird eats a fish that ate a bug
that ate some algae. The bird is a
____________
consumer
(tertiary)
Trophic level pyramid
• Example 4: A bird eats a bug that ate some
(secondary)
algae. The bird is a __________________
consumer.
•*Some animals can fill in more than 1
trophic level
Trophic level pyramid
• Example 5: A bobcat eats a bird that ate a
fish that ate a bug that ate some algae. The
(quaternary)
bobcat is a _________________
consumer.
Review of 3.3
• What travels through a food chain or web?
• Energy (or biomass)
Review of 3.3
• Where does the energy come from for all
organisms in a food chain or web? In other
words, what is the ultimate energy source
for all life on Earth?
• Sunlight or chemical energy
Review of 3.3
• What happens to energy as we move from
step to step in a chain or web?
• Only about 10% of the energy is
transferred to the “eater”
Review of 3.3
• In food chains and webs, what trophic level
must you have more of than others?
• Primary producers
Review of 3.3
• About how much energy is transferred up to
each trophic level? For example, the
primary producers yield 100% of the energy
from the sun, but primary consumers only
get about ______
• About 10%
Review of 3.3
• What may happen if a species goes extinct?
• The populations that solely rely on that
specie will also go extinct; the organisms
preyed upon by the specie will flourish.
Review of 3.3
• What is meant by “trophic levels”?
• Each step or level of a food chain/web/
pyramid
Review of 3.3
• The 1st organism in a food chain must
always be what type of organism?
• Primary producers
Review of 3.3
• Name 2 food making processes
• Photosynthesis and chemosynthesis
Review of 3.3
• Where do chemosynthetic bacteria get their
energy?
• Chemical energy found in hydrothermal
vents
Review of 3.3
• SKIP - What are the 3 types of ecological
pyramids and what are they used for?
1. Pyramid of energy – illustrates relative
amount of energy for each trophic level
2. Pyramid of biomass – illustrates relative
amount of biomass contained in each
trophic level
3. Pyramid of numbers – illustrates the
relative NUMBER of organisms for each
trophic level
Review of 3.3
• Define herbivore
• Animal that eats only plants
Review of 3.3
• Herbivores are also called
_________________________ consumers
• Primary
Review of 3.3
• What are animals called that feed on
herbivores?
______________ consumers
• Secondary
Review of 3.3
• _________________ consumers eat
secondary consumers
• Tertiary
Review of 3.3
• What organism feeds on dead plants and
animals and helps recycle them?
• Decomposers
Review of 3.3
• How is energy transferred once an organism dies?
For example, when most plants die without being
eaten, where does their energy go and how does it
get there?
• The organism is broken down by decomposers,
which allows primary producers to reuse the
nutrients and energy that belonged to that
organism. (Think  Recycling!)
Review 3.3
• Why are decomposers important?
They allow energy to be recycled from dead plants
and animals. Instead of the energy being unused
after an animal dies, decomposers break down
decaying matter, forming detritus in the soil, which
becomes nutrient-rich for new plants to grow.
Review of 3.3
•
A.
B.
C.
D.
A plant is …
An autotroph
A heterotroph
A primary producer
A and C
Review of 3.3
•
A.
B.
C.
D.
A person who eats a chicken that ate grain
is a…
Primary producer
Primary consumer
Secondary consumer
Tertiary consumer
Review of 3.3
•
A.
B.
C.
D.
Primary consumers eat
Primary producers
Primary consumers
Secondary consumers
Quaternary consumers
Review of 3.3
• A cow is a
A. Primary consumer
B. Heterotroph
C. An herbivore
D. All of the above
Review of 3.3
• Autotrophs…
A. Make their own food
B. Are the base of the food chain
C. Are primary producers
D. All of the above
Review of 3.3
• A lion that eats a zebra that ate grass is…
A. A primary producer
B. a primary consumer
C. a secondary consumer
D. a quaternary consumer
Review of 3.3
• A heterotroph…
A. is an autotroph
B. eats other organisms
C. is a primary producer
D. A and C
E. None of the above
Review of 3.3
• A detritivore
A. is an autotroph
B. eats decomposing matter
C. kills animals
D. all of the above
E. none of the above
Review of 3.3
•
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
If a person eats a vegetable, the person is
acting as
A primary producer
A primary consumer
A secondary consumer
A tertiary consumer
A quaternary consumer
Review of 3.3
•
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
As nutritional energy passes through the
food chain, energy…
Is lost
Is gained
Remains constant
Increases then decreases
Decreases then increases
Review of 3.3
•
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
There are more primary producers than
there are…
Primary consumers
Secondary consumers
Tertiary consumers
Quaternary consumers
All of the above
Review of 3.3
•
A.
B.
C.
D.
The network of all the inter-related food
chains in a biological community is called
A food web
A food chain
A food pyramid
An ecological experiment
Review of 3.3
•
A.
B.
C.
D.
The sequence of who eats whom in a
biological community is called
A food web
A food pyramid
A food chain
A trophic level
Review of 3.3
•
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
An organism that gets its energy by eating
other organisms is called
An autotroph
A primary producer
A heterotroph
A consumer
C and D
3.4 Review
• ____________________ are closed loops
through which elements pass through
various parts of the biosphere and that are
powered by the flow of energy
• Biogeochemical cycles
3.4 Review
• _________________ is a key ingredient in
all organic compounds (it is found in all
living plants and animals)
• Carbon
3.4 Review
• ________________ is needed by all
organisms to build proteins, DNA, and
RNA.
• Nitrogen (phosphorus)
3.4 Review
• One process involved in the nitrogen cycle
is _____________ which involves bacteria
converting nitrogen gas from the
atmosphere to ammonia
• Nitrogen fixation
3.4 Review
• One process involved in the nitrogen cycle
is _____________ which involves bacteria
converting nitrogen compounds called
nitrates into nitrogen gas
• Denitrification
3.4 Review
• Most of the phosphorus in the biosphere is
stored in ____________ and
_____________ and is gradually released to
water and soil to be used by organisms
• Rocks, ocean sediments
3.4 Review
• A nutrient that is in short supply may limit
the productivity of an ecosystem is called a
___________________________
• Limiting nutrient
3.4 Review
• Two ways in which water moves from land
to atmosphere is ____________
• Evaporation and transpiration
3.4 Review
• What roles do plants play in the water
cycle?
• Transpiration – loss of water through
leaves
• Absorb groundwater through roots
3.4 Review
• The carbon in coal, oil, and natural gas
came from
• A. combustion of fossil fuels
B. remains of dead organisms
C. Carbon-fixing bacteria in swamp soil
D. Carbon dioxide dissolved in ocean water
• B. remains of dead organisms
3.4 Review
• Human processes mainly contribute to
• A. release of CO2 into the atmosphere
B. decrease of total carbon found on earth
C. depletion of CO2 in the atmosphere
D. increase in amount of carbon in rock
• A. release of CO2 into the atmosphere
True or False
• Nitrogen fixation is the process in which
certain bacteria convert nitrogen gas into
nitrates
• False – nitrates ammonia
True or false
• Denitrification is the process by which
some soil bacteria convert nitrates (solids)
into nitrogen gas
• True
True or false
• Plants absorb phosphorus from the
atmosphere or water.
• False – atmosphere soil
Name 2 biological processes.
Transpiration, roots uptake of water
Name 3 chemical/physical processes.
Evaporation, condensation, precipitation
What cycle?
Identify a
• Biological,
• Geological,
• Chemical/physical
process
• Bio- photosynthesis, respiration
• Geo – volcanic activity; marine sediment turned to
rock
• Chem/Phys – CO2 dissolves in rain water
Describe how nitrogen cycles through
biological, human, and physical/chemical
processes
• Biological (Blue arrows in diagram)
– Bacteria fix nitrogen from atmosphere to soil (nitrogen
fixation) which plants absorb and provide to consumers
– Bacteria also convert nitrogen compounds back to
nitrogen gas for the atmosphere (denitrification)
– Decomposers break down organisms and release their
nitrogen back to the soil
• Human Use (Orange arrows)
– Fertilizer use (can run off into streams and rivers)
• Physical/Chemical (Red arrows)
– Lightning fixes atmospheric nitrogen into the soil
• Where is phosphorus primarily found in our
biosphere?
• Ground/soil/rock and dissolved in water
• What do we use phosphorus for?
• Fertilizer
• Where is phosphorus found in your body?
• DNA/RNA
CONGRATULATIONS!
YOU MADE IT THROUGH THE
CHAPTER 3 REVIEW! GIVE
YOURSELF A PAT ON THE BACK