Body Structure
Medical Terminology
Chapter 5
Student Objectives
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Define the levels of organization in the
human body.
Describe the disease process by
defining terms associated with
pathology.
Identify four body planes.
Relate organs to each body cavity.
Student Objectives
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Describe the four quadrants
Describe radiology, computed
tomography, magnetic resonance
imaging, and ultrasonography.
Apply directional terms.
Identify combining forms, suffixes, and
prefixes related to body structure.
Student Objectives
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Identify diagnostic, symptomatic, and
therapeutic terms related to body
structure.
Identify diagnostic procedures related to
body structure.
Student Objectives
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Identify surgical and therapeutic
procedures related to body structure.
Define the abbreviations related to body
structure.
Levels of Organization
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Cells, Cytology
Tissues, Histology
– epithelial
– connective
– muscle
– nervous
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Organs
Systems
Organism
Disease Process
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Disease, morbid
signs, objective
symptoms, subjective
homeostasis
pathology
etilogy
diagnosis, prognosis
idiopathic
Body Planes
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Imaginary horizontal
and vertical lines
Easier to describe
location of organ or
problem
Midline (midsagittal) Plane
Coronal Plane
Transverse Plane
Ventral and Dorsal
Ventral Cavity
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contains body organs that maintain
homeostasis
thoracic cavity
abdominal cavity
pelvic cavity
Dorsal
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cranial cavity
spinal cavity
Divisions of the Abdomen
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right upper quadrant RRQ
left upper quadrant LUQ
right lower quadrant RLQ
left lower quadrant LLQ
Diagnostic Imaging
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Radiography (x-ray)
Computed Tomography (CT scan)
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Ultrasonography
The Spine
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Cervical (neck)
Thoracic (chest)
Lumbar (loin)
Sacral (lower back)
Coccyx (tailbone)
Body Directions
Superficial and Deep
Abduction and Adduction
Lateral and Medial
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Lateral
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Bilateral
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Medial
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toward the side or
away from the
midline
having two sides or
both sides
middle or towards
the midline
Superior and Inferior
Proximal and Distal
Anterior and Posterior
Parietal and Visceral
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Prone and Supine
Inversion and Eversion
Palmar and Plantar
Combining Forms Denoting...
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Cellular Structure
Anatomical Directions
Regions of the Body
Colors
Body Structure
Suffixes - Review
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-genesis
-gnosis
-gram
-graph
-graphy
-pathy
Prefixes - Review
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Abadallinfraperisupertransultra-
Diagnostic, Symptomatic and
Therapeutic Terms
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Ablation
adhesion
dehiscence
nuclear medicine
polyp
radiopharmaceutical
sepsis
suppurative
Diagnostic Procedures
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Digital radiography
fluoroscopy
magnetic resonance angiography
magnetic resonance imaging
positron emission tomography
sonography
stereoradiography
Surgical,Therapeutic Procedures
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Anastomosis
biopsy
cauterize
curettage
frozen section
incision and drainage
laser surgery
ligation
resection
radical dissection
Abbreviations
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AP
CNS
CT scan, CAT scan
CV
Dx
GI
GU
Abbreviations
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GU
I&D
LAT
LLQ, LUQ, RLQ, RUQ
MRI
MS
PA
sono
U/L
End Chapter Five
Peritoneum
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parietal
visceral
mesentery
retroperitoneal
peritonitis
Genetic Disorder /
Hereditary Disorder
Any disease or condition caused
by defective genes.
cystic fibrosis
Down syndrome (trisomy 21)
hemophilia
muscular dystrophy
Congenital disorder
Is present at birth or existing at
the time of birth. Gene
abnormalities account for about
5 percent of congenital heart
disease.
fetal alcohol syndrome
congenital anomaly
Histology
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Epithelial
– epithelium - external surfaces - epi
– endothelium - internal surfaces - endo
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Connective
– bones and cartilage
– adipose
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Nervous
- plasia
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aplasia-lack of development of organ/tissue
hypoplasia-incomplete development
hyperplasia-abnormal increase in number
of normal cells in normal tissue
arrangement
dysplasia-abnormal development or growth
anaplasia - change in structure of cells and
in their orientation to each other-characteristic of malignancy
Neoplasm (tumor)
Any abnormal new growth of tissue in which the
multiplication of cells is uncontrolled, more rapid
than normal, and progressive.
ne/o - means new or strange
 benign - usually not recurring, not
malignant
 malignant - tending to spread, lifethreatening
Glands
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Exocrine
Endocrine
endo -inside
crine - to secrete
exo - out of
Pathology and Procedures
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adenosis
adenitis
adenomalacia
adenosclerosis
adenoma
adenectomy