California Institute for Telecommunications
and Information Technology
Talk to Qualcomm
San Diego, CA
March 8, 2002
Dr. Larry Smarr
Director, California Institute for Telecommunications and
Information Technologies
Professor, Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering
Jacobs School of Engineering, UCSD
Abstract
After twenty years, the “S-curve” of building out the wired internet with
hundreds of millions of PCs as its end points is flattening out, with corresponding
lowering of the growth rates of the major suppliers of that global infrastructure. At the
same time, several new “S-curves” are reaching their steep slope as ubiquitous
computing begins to sweep the planet. Leading this will be a vast expansion in
heterogeneous end-points to a new wireless internet, moving IP throughout the physical
world.
Billions of internet-connected cell phones, embedded processors, hand-held
devices, sensors and actuators will lead to radical new applications in biomedicine,
transportation, environmental monitoring and interpersonal communication and
collaboration. The combination of wireless LANs, the third generation of cellular
phones, satellites, and the increasing use of the FCC unlicensed wireless band will
cover the world with connectivity enabling both scientific research and emergency
preparedness to utilize a wide variety of sensor-nets. Building on advances in MEMS
and nanotechnology, smart sensors will be cheap enough to deploy widely, capable of
multiple types of detection, and survivable for long periods of time. The data from these
sensor-nets will be integrated with legacy data in optically networked visualization
analysis or command and control facilities. The enhanced knowledge products will then
flow out over the same wireless internet to personal devices in the hands of field
scientists or first responders. These end points will themselves form electronic
communities enhanced by accurate geolocation. Cal (IT)2 is carrying out experiments in
its "Living Laboratories" with its industrial partners in all of these areas.
The Next S-Curves of Internet Growth:
A Mobile Internet Powered by a Planetary Grid
• Wireless Access--Anywhere, Anytime
– Broadband Speeds
– “Always Best Connected”
• Billions of New Wireless Internet End Points
– Information Appliances
– Sensors and Actuators
– Embedded Processors
• Emergence of a Distributed Planetary Grid
– Broadband Becomes a Mass Market
– Internet Develops Parallel Lambda Backbone
– Scalable Distributed Computing Power
– Storage of Data Everywhere
Over Fifty Industrial Sponsors
From a Broad Range of Industries
Akamai Technologies Inc.
AMCC
Ampersand Ventures
Arch Ventures
The Boeing Company
Broadcom Corporation
CAIMIS, Inc.
Conexant Systems, Inc.
Connexion by Boeing
Cox Communications
Diamondhead Ventures
Dupont
Emulex Corporation
Network Systems
Enosys Markets
Enterprise Partners
Venture Capital
Entropia, Inc.
Ericsson Wireless
Communications, Inc.
ESRI
Extreme Networks
Global Photon Systems
Graviton
IBM
Computers
Communications
Software
Sensors
Biomedical
Startups
Venture Capital
IdeaEdge Ventures
The Irvine Company
Intersil Corporation
Irvine Sensors Corporation
JMI, Inc.
Leap Wireless International
Link, William J. (Versant
Ventures)
Litton Industries, Inc.
MedExpert International
Merck
Microsoft Corporation
Mission Ventures
NCR
Newport Corporation
Oracle
Orincon Industries
Panoram Technologies
Printronix
QUALCOMM
Quantum
The R.W. Johnson
Pharmaceutical
Research Institute
SAIC
Samueli, Henry (Broadcom)
SciFrame, Inc.
Seagate Storage Products
SGI
Silicon Wave
Sony
STMicroelectronics, Inc.
Sun Microsystems
TeraBurst Networks
Texas Instruments
Time Domain
UCSD Healthcare
The Unwired Fund
WebEx
Cal -(IT)2 Industrial Partnerships
Enable Many Initiatives in the University
• Endowed Chairs for Professors
• Start-Up Support for Young Faculty
• Graduate Student Fellowships
• Research and Academic Professionals
• Sponsored Research Programs
• Equipment Donations for Cal-(IT)2 and Campus
• Named Laboratories in New Institute Buildings
• Pro Bono Services and Software
Cal-(IT)2
“Living-in-the-Future” Laboratories
• Technology Driven
– Ubiquitous Connectivity
– SensorNets
– Knowledge and Data Systems
– LambdaGrid
• Application Driven
– Ecological Observatory
– AutoNet
– National Repository for Biomedical Data
• Culturally Driven
– Interactive Technology and Popular Culture
Cellular Internet is Already Here
At Experimental Sites
• UCSD Has Been Beta Test Site
– Qualcomm’s 1xEV Cellular Internet
• Optimized for Packet Data Services
– Uses a 1.25 MHz channel
– 2.4 Mbps Peak Forward Rate
– Part of the CDMA2000 Tech Family
– Can Be Used as Stand-Alone
• Chipsets in Development Support
–
–
–
–
–
–
PacketVideo’s PVPlayer™ MPEG-4
gpsOne™ Global Positioning System
Bluetooth
MP3
MIDI
BREW
Rooftop HDR
Access Point
New Software Environments for
Wireless Application Development
• Binary Runtime Environment for Wireless (BREW)
– Works on Qualcomm CDMA Chipsets
– Middleware Between
– the Application and the Chip System Source Code
– Windows-based Software Development Kit (SDK)
– Native C/C++ applications will run most efficiently
– Supports Integration of Java™ Applications
– Different Model of Security from JAVA
• UCSD Brew Plans
– Access to 40 Brew Enabled Kyocera Handsets
– Free Air-Time Through “Campus Wide” QOTA System
– BREW SDK and Technical Support Environment
www.qualcomm.com/brew/
Goal: Smooth Handoff by Mobile Device As
One Moves from Local to Wide Area
Identify Issues Related to Handoff
Between WLAN and WWAN Networks
and Implement a Test-bed
(802.11b,a)
WLAN
GPRS
Internet
(CDMA20001xEV)
CDMA
CDPD
Ramesh Rao, Kameshwari Chebrolou
UCSD-CWC, Cal-(IT)2
Using Students to Invent the Future
of Widespread Use of Wireless Pocket PCs
• Year- Long “Living Laboratory” Experiment 2001-02
– 500+ Wireless-Enabled HP Pocket PCs
– Incoming Freshmen in Computer Science & Engineering
• Software Developed
– ActiveClass: Student-Teacher Interactions
– ActiveCampus: Geolocation and Resource Discovery
– Extensible Software Infrastructure for Others to Build On
• Deploy to New UCSD Undergrad College Fall 2002
– Sixth College Will be “Born Wireless”
– Theme: Culture, Art, and Technology
– Study Adoption and Discover New Services
Cal-(IT)2 Team: Bill Griswold, Gabriele Wienhausen
ActiveCampus Explorer:
Personal Digital Assistant Interface
Makes Campus
“Transparent”
See Into Departments, Labs,
and Libraries
Source: Bill Griswold, UCSD CSE, Cal-(IT)2
ActiveCampus Explorer:
Personal Digital Assistant Interface
Source: Bill Griswold, UCSD CSE, Cal-(IT)2
Millions of Video Cameras
Will Add Image Data Streams to the Net
• London Underground
– Initially 25,000 Video Cameras
– Expansion to 250,000 Possible
– British Transport Police Switch to Any Camera in 1 Sec.
– Source: Telindus
• British CCTV System
– Currently 2.5 Million CCTV Cameras Installed (NY Times)
– Average London Citizen is Seen by 300 Cameras Per Day
– Face Recognition Software Added in High Crime Areas
• Up to 6 Million Surveillance Cameras Across the USA
in 5-7 Years
– Privacy International Prediction
Experimenting with the Future -Wireless Internet Video Cams & Robots
Useful for
Highway Accidents
or Disasters
Linked by 1xEV
Cellular Internet
Mobile Interactivity Avatar
Computer Vision and Robotics Research Lab
Mohan Trivedi, UCSD, Cal-(IT)2
Future Wireless Technologies Are
a Strong Academic Research Discipline
Center for
Wireless Communications
Two Dozen ECE and CSE Faculty
LOW-POWERED
CIRCUITRY
RF
Mixed A/D
ASIC
Materials
ANTENNAS AND
PROPAGATION
COMMUNICATION
THEORY
COMMUNICATION
NETWORKS
MULTIMEDIA
APPLICATIONS
Architecture
Changing
Modulation
Media Access
Smart Antennas
Environment
Channel
Coding
Scheduling
Adaptive Arrays
Protocols
Multiple Access End-to-End QoS Multi-Resolution
Compression
Hand-Off
Source: UCSD CWC
Required Wireless Services Middleware
Applications
Wireless Services Interface
Data
Real-Time Power Location Mobile Security
Management
Services Control Awareness Code
UCI Wireless
Infrastructures
UCSD Wireless
Infrastructures
J. Pasquale, UCSD, Cal-(IT)2
Operating System Services for
Power / Performance Management
• Management of Power and Performance
– Efficient Way to Exchange Energy/Power Related Info
– Among Hardware / OS / Applications
– Power-Aware API
Application
Power Aware API
Power Aware Middleware
POSIX
Operating
System
PA-OSL
Modified OS
Services
Operating
System
PA-HAL
Hardware Abstraction Layer
Hardware
Rajesh Gupta UCI, Cal-(IT)2
Prototyping Early Warning Systems and
Disaster Response Systems
• Three-Tier System
– Wireless SensorNets Bring Data to Repositories
– Collaborative Crisis Management Centers
– Remote Wireless Devices Interrogate Databases
• Cal-(IT)2 Will Focus on High-Performance Grids
– Analysis, Collaboration, and Crisis Management
– Broadband Wireless SensorNets
– Metro Optical Network Testbed
• Build a “Living-in-the-Future” Laboratory
– UCSD, UCI, and SDSU Campuses
– San Diego, Orange County, Cross Border
– Early Access to HW/SW from Industrial Partners
What is a SensorNet?
• Sensors
– Physical, Chemical, Biological, Imaging,…
• Sensor Platform
– Computing, Power, Storage, Radios, …
• Telecommunications Infrastructure
– Wired, Wireless, Internet, …
• Sensor Arrays
– Homogeneous, Inhomogeneous, Ad Hoc, …
• Layered Software
• Backend Data Systems
Challenges of Emergency Preparedness
That the Future Internet Will Impact
• How Do We Know:
– The Detailed Current State of the System NOW?
– What the Future Evolution of the Situation is Likely to Be?
• How Can We Achieve:
– An Overall Situational Awareness?
– A Common Operational Picture?
• How Do We Communicate With:
– Crisis Managers?
– First Responders?
• How Can We Decide:
– Which Problem to Attack First?
– Which Assets Should Be Deployed Where and When?
The FCC Unlicensed Band Can be
Used to Create a High Speed Wireless Backbone
• The High Performance
Wireless Research and
Education Network
• A Cal-(IT)2
Academic Partner
• Enabling a Broad Set of
Science Applications
NSF Funded
PI, Hans-Werner Braun, SDSC
Co-PI, Frank Vernon, SIO
45mbps Duplex Backbone
• Allows for Internet
Deployment to Remote
Locations
http://hpwren.ucsd.edu/topo.html
HPWREN Project Demo of Fast Setup
Wireless Internet for Crisis Response
A Cal-(IT)2
Academic
Partner
http://hpwren.ucsd.edu/Presentations/HPWREN/Slide26.JPG
Sensors Enable Real-Time Monitoring of Bridges
Through Wireless Internet
Frieder Sieble
UCSD Structural Engineering
Environmental SensorNets
• Air and Water Pollution Sensor Development
–
–
–
–
Lead is Michael Sailor, UCSD Chemistry
Initially Temperature, Humidity, CO
Later Add CO2, Ozone, NOx
Partnering with Graviton
• Wireless Internet Prototyping Sites
– UCSD Campus
– Santa Margarita
– Ecological Preserve
– Rapid Prototyping Site
– Linked to UCSD via HPWREN
Life of a sensor network
• In the beginning nodes are deployed with a supply of
–
–
–
–
Energy
Capability
Awareness
Location
• At the end nodes
– Die – no energy, stranded, loss of capability
– Reborn – new battery, sensor, radio,…
• During its life nodes
– Trade resources with neighbors to deliver on mission
Source: Ramesh Rao, UCSD Cal-(IT)2
Design Challenges
• Develop resource sharing algorithms
– Trade Energy for Location
– Dynamic topology construction –mobility
– Trade Communication for Computing
– Distributed Computing
– Trade Energy for Awareness/Alertness
– Next hop communication and end-to-end delivery
• Develop platforms that implement them
– Overcome limitations of layered principle
– Share salient costs across layers
– Energy, Delay, Complexity…
Source: Ramesh Rao, UCSD Cal-(IT)2
Topology Construction
• AIBO platform
– 64 bit RISC processor,
– 32 Mb memory
– Temp., distance, acceleration,
pressure, IR, vibration
sensors
– 100 K pixel CMOS image
sensor
– 802.11b enabled
• Topology construction
algorithms for mobile
nodes
– Maximize network
lifetime
– Maximize coverage
– Minimize energy
consumption
Source: Ramesh Rao, UCSD Cal-(IT)2
Automobiles will Become
SensorNet Platforms
• Autonet Concept
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–
–
–
–
Make Cars Mobile, Ad Hoc, Wireless, Peer-to-Peer Platforms
Distributed Sensing, Computation, and Control
Autonomous Distributed Traffic Control
Mobile Autonomous Software Agents
Decentralized Databases
• ZEVNET Partners
– UCI Institute for Transportation Studies Testbed
– UCSD Computer Vision and Robotics Research Lab (CVRRL)
Clean LimitedRange Mobility
Urban
Mobility
Rigid Line-Haul Performance
Congestion-free flow
Clean LimitedRange Mobility
Urban
Mobility
Will Recker, UCI and Mohan Trivedi, UCSD, Cal-(IT)2
ZEVNet
Current Implementation
Source: Will Recker, UCI, Cal-(IT)2
Activity diary
Tracing Records
CDPD
Wireless
Modem
Extensible Data
Collection Unit
Initial Interview
REACT!
On-line Survey
Post-Travel Updating
ISP
GPS
Sensor Sensor
...
Sensor
Pre-Travel Planning
Service
Provider
Website
Internet
Website
Currently
50 Toyotas
REACT! Application Application TRACER
Embedded and Networked Intelligence
• On-Campus Navigation Enabled
– Web Service and Seamless WLAN Connectivity
– 50 Compaq Pocket PCs
• Virtual Device / Instrument Control Over Bluetooth Links
• Energy-Aware Application Programming
• Battery-Aware Communication Links
Source: Rajesh Gupta, UCI, Cal-(IT)2
Low Power Biological, Chemical, Pollutant,
Magnetic, Particulate Sensor Development
• Designed to Be Easily Manufactured
– Sensitive Nanostructured Photonic Bandgap Material
– Can Be Chemically Modified to Be Specific
– Compatible With Silicon Microfabrication Technologies
• Special Properties:
– Low False Alarm Rate, Sensitive
– Miniature, Portable, Lower Cost
• Target Markets:
– Industrial Waste, Pollution Monitoring
– Law Enforcement, First Responders, Medical Personnel
Handheld Nanosensor Device for Sarin Nerve Agent
Developed for DARPA
Micro Unattended Ground Sensors program
Mike Sailor, UCSD Chemistry, Cal-(IT)2
Adding Wireless Sensors to Systems-on-Chip
Will Create Brilliant Sensors
Applications
Critical New Role of
Power Aware Systems
Sensors Embedded
Software
Processors
Memory
Protocol
Processors
Radio
DSP
Ad Hoc Hierarchical Networks
of Brilliant Sensors
Source: Sujit Dey, UCSD ECE
Internet
Data and Knowledge Systems
Technology Layers
Applications: Bioinformatics,
Ecoinformatics, Geoinformatics, …
Visualization
Sensornets—Real-Time Data
• ROADNet
• ActiveCampus
• Health of Civil Infrastructure
• AUTONET
Data Mining, Simulation Modeling,
Analysis, Data Fusion
Knowledge-Based Integration
Advanced Query Processing
Database Systems, Grid Storage,
Filesystems
High speed networking
Networked Storage (SAN)
Storage hardware
Knowledge Environments to Support
Digitally Enabled Genomic Medicine
School of Medicine /
VA Hospital
wireless access
Medical Records
Analysis
Bioimaging
Knowledge and Data
Engineering Lab
Enabling querying,
analysis, and creative
exploration of large,
integrated data sets
Knowledge
Discovery
Bioengineering
Bioengineering
Department
Statistics
Integrated
Information
Chemical
Pathways
Genomics
Proteomics
Industry Partners
•
Enosys – XML-based database integration
– Enosys and Polexis will join in joint demo to NSF and FedStats
•
Polexis – Java-based application integration
– Possible joint demos at AFCEA Homeland Security conference
•
Oracle – database engine technology
– Supporting BIRN project
•
ESRI – geographical information systems (GIS)
– Discussing variety of options for greater collaboration
•
•
BAE Systems – XML-based GIS systems
IBM – database, data integration, and data mining technology
– Recent meeting with Life Sciences, Database groups at SDSC; NetDB2
project (UCI)
•
SAIC – TeraText XML database engine
– Will discuss their participation in I2T
•
Velocigen – possible partner for converting Web sites to Web services
A LambdaGrid Will Be
the Backbone for an e-Science Network
Apps Middleware
•
Metro Area
Laboratories
Springing Up
Worldwide
•
Developing
GigE and
10GigE
Applications
and Services
•
Testing Optical
Switches
•
Metro Optical
Testbeds-the
next GigaPOP?
Clusters
Dynamically
Allocated
Lightpaths
Switch Fabrics
Physical
Monitoring
C
O
N
T
R
O
L
P
L
A
N
E
Multi-Sensor Data Fusion Control Rooms
Will Integrate SensorNets with Legacy Data
• Integrate
–
–
–
–
–
–
Situational Awareness
Common Operational Picture
Local Data Warehouse with Remote Data Access
AI Data Mining of Distributed Databases
Spatial Data Analysis
Consequences Assessment Tool Set
Source: Panoram Technologies
Cal-(IT)2 Multi-Megapixel Displays
for Seismic, Geosciences, and Climate Analysis
Cal-(IT)2 / SIO / SDSC / SDSU