SensorNets and Emergency Response
Panel Talk
“The Bioterrorist Threat: Scenarios and Response”
52nd Annual Pugwash Conference
University of California, San Diego
San Diego, CA
August 13, 2002
Dr. Larry Smarr
Director, California Institute for Telecommunications and
Information Technologies
Professor, Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering
Jacobs School of Engineering, UCSD
Soon The Internet Will Be Available
Throughout the Physical World
Subscribers (millions)
2,000
1,800
1,600
1,400
1,200
1,000
Mobile Internet
800
600
400
Fixed Internet
200
0
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
Source: Ericsson
2004
2005
How Can the “Always-On” Internet Enhance
Capabilities for Homeland Security?
• Three Tier System
– Wireless SensorNets Brings Data to Repositories
– Collaborative Crisis Management Data Centers
– Remote Wireless Devices Interrogate Databases
The “Always-On” Internet Can Be of Use
in Three Stages of an Emergency
• Early Warning SensorNets
– Detecting Bio/Chem/Nuclear Agents Directly
• Biosurveillance
– Identifying Common Symptoms Earlier
• Emergency Response
– Supporting First Responders in an Emergency
SensorNets:
A Fast Growing Field of Academic Research
February 20-21, 2002
Sponsored by Cal-(IT)2 and UCSD
www.soe.ucsd.edu/Research_Review/
MEMS & Nanotechology Remote Sensors
Are Rapidly Being Invented
For Volatile Organic Compounds and Chemical Agents
“Smart Dust”
“Nanowires”
Silicon Photonic Crystals
Polysilole
Mike Sailor, et al, UCSD Chemistry, Cal-(IT)2
Low Power Biological, Chemical, Pollutant,
Magnetic, Particulate Sensor Development
• Desired Properties:
– Low False Alarm Rate, Sensitive
– Miniature, Portable, Lower Cost
Detection of Explosives
TNT-contaminated thumbprint on a
transit ticket from the San Francisco
BART line
Handheld Nanosensor Device
for Sarin Nerve Agent
Developed for DARPA
Mike Sailor, et al, UCSD Chemistry, Cal-(IT)2
Adding Wireless Sensors to Systems-on-Chip
Will Create Brilliant Sensors
Applications
Critical New Role of
Power Aware Systems
Sensors Embedded
Software
Processors
Memory
Protocol
Processors
Radio
DSP
Ad Hoc Hierarchical Networks
of Brilliant Sensors
Source: Sujit Dey, UCSD ECE
Internet
The Private Sector is Integrating Wireless,
Sensor, and Data-Management Technologies
Source: Graviton, a Cal-(IT)2 Partner
Early Warning Medical Sensors
May Move Inside Us
• Internal Sensors—Israeli Video Pill
– Battery, Light, & Video Camera
– Images Stored on Hip Device
• Next Step—Putting Bodies On-Line
– Wireless Internet Transmission
– Key Metabolic and Physical Sensors
• Genomic Individualized Medicine
www.givenimaging.com
– Combine
– Genetic Code
– Body Sensor Data Flows
– Powerful AI Data Mining Techniques
www.bodymedia.com
www.philometron.com
Over the Next Decade Nanobioinfoengineering
Will Revolutionize SensorNets
500x
Magnification
Nanogen MicroArray
2 mm
VCSELaser
400x
Magnification
IBM Quantum Corral
Iron Atoms on Copper
Human Rhinovirus
5 nanometers
Shrinking Flying Wireless Sensor Platforms:
From Predator to Biomimetic Robots
1 Inch
300 Inches
UC Berkeley
Micromechanical
Flying Insect Project
General Atomics Predator
(Air Force, CIA)
20 Inches
UC Berkeley Aerobot
(ARO, DARPA, ONR)
(DARPA, ONR)
Data Organization and Mining
Are at the Heart of the “Always-On” Internet
Web Portal
Customized to User Device
Visualization
The SDSC/Cal-(IT)2
Knowledge and Data
Engineering
Laboratory
Data Mining, Simulation Modeling,
Analysis, Data Fusion
Knowledge-Based Integration
Advanced Query Processing
Database Systems, Grid Storage,
Filesystems
High speed networking
SensorNets—Real-Time Data
Networked Storage (SAN)
Storage hardware
National Institutes of Health Are Prototyping
Distributed Storage and Computing
Biomedical Informatics
Research Network
(BIRN)
Part of the UCSD CRBS
National Partnership for Advanced Computational Infrastructure
Center for Research on Biological Structure
NIH Plans to Expand
to Other Organs
and Many Laboratories
Data Mining Across Agency Stovepipes
Is an Essential Next Step
• Large Cultural Barriers to Sharing of Data
• Needed Infrastructure Investments and Training
INFORMATION
SOURCES
CRIMINAL
JUSTICE
EMERGENCY
RESPONSE
Federal
State
Local
INTEGRATED
INTELLIGENCE
SYSTEM
PUBLIC
HEALTH
SECURITY
However, Broad Debate Is Needed to Avoid
Citizen Revolt Against Privacy Violations
Developing Optically Linked Distributed
Analysis, Command, & Control Centers
• Driven by SensorNets Data
– Emergency Response
– Real Time Seismic
– Environmental Monitoring
• Possibly Linked to OES
Situation Room Sacramento
Linking Control Rooms
UCSD
SDSU
44 Miles of Cox Fiber
Cox, Panoram,
SAIC, SGI, IBM,
TeraBurst Networks
SD Telecom Council
Planning for Optically Linking
Crisis Management Control Rooms in California
California Office of Emergency Services,
Sacramento, CA
From Telephone Conference Calls to
International Video Meetings
Access Grid Lead-Argonne
NSF STARTAP Lead-UIC’s Elec. Vis. Lab
Improving Emergency Response
With the “Always-On Internet”
Transportation Assets
With Mobile Internet
Bubble
2-Way Telemedicine
Control Room
GPS Tracking
High Bandwidth
Hot Zone
Hospital #1
WMD Attack
Prevailing wind
Stadium
First Responder PDAs
Electronic
record of
field care
Incident
command
center
Field
Treatment
Station
Mobile Bubbles
Patient RF IDs
Transport
station
Compromised
Transportation
Corridor
Warm
zone
Hospital #2
Source: Dr. Leslie Lenert, UCSD SOM