Animal Tissue
Compiled by
Wenny Pintalitna
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FOUR MAIN TYPES OF ANIMAL TISSUES
Epithelial Tissue
(Covering)
• Tightly-joined closely-packed cells
(sel-sel yang padat,rapat, ketat)
•
One side of epithelium exposed to air, other side
attached to a basement membrane, a dense mat of
connective tissue
(salah satu sisi jar.epitel berhubungan ke lingkungan external
dan satu sisi lagi melekat pada membran basal,jar.ikat)
•
Covers outside of the body and lines internal organs and
cavities
(menutupi seluruh permukaan tubuh)
•
Provides surface for absorption, excretion and transport
of molecules
(membantu penyerapan, ekskresi dan transpor molekul)
Types of
Epithelial Tissue
• Cell shape
– Squamous
– Cuboidal
– Columnar
• Number of cell layers
– Simple
– Pseudostratified
– Stratified
• RELATE
STRUCTURE TO
FUNCTION!
Connective tissue
(Framework)
• Binding and support of other
tissues
(mengikat
dan
menyokong
jaringan lain)
• Large amount of extracellular
matrix
(banyak mengandung matiks
extraselular)
• Extracellular matrix consists of
network of fibers in liquid,
jelly-like or solid matrix
Muscle Tissue
(Movement)
• Composed of long cells called
muscle fibers
• Contraction  movement
Nervous Tissue
(Control)
• Transmits nerve impulses
from one part of an animal to
another
(menyampaikan impuls saraf
dari satu bagian menuju
bagian lain)
• Consists of a cell body and
long
extensions
called
dendrites (towards cell body)
and axons (towards another
cell or an effector)
(terdiri atas badan sel, dendrit,
axon)
Axon
Dendrite
Cell body
Tissue Type
Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Nerve
Cell Shape
Flattened,
cuboidal,
columnar
Irregular or round
Elongated
Cell appendages
branched
Cell
Arrangement
Single 
multilayered
Scattered in
matrix
In sheets or
bundles
Isolated or
networked
Location
Body covering or
lining organs or
cavities
Supports other
organs
Lining internal
organs, make
skeletal muscles
Concentrated in
brain and spinal
cord + all over
the body
Surface Feature
of Cells
Cilia, microvilli
-
-
-
Matrix Type
Basement
membrane
Varied – protein
fibers + liquid,
gelatinous, firm
to calcified
-
-
Matrix Amount
Minimal
Extensive
Absent
Absent
Unique Feature
No direct blood
supply, except for
glands
Cartilage has no
blood supply
Can generate
electrical signals,
force and
movement
Can generate
electrical signal
Epithelial Tissue
Compiled by
Wenny Pintalitna
Epithelia comes in 2 forms:
1. Glandular epithelia
2. Membranous epithelia
Functions:
• Protection
• Absorption
• Filtration
• Excretion
• Secretion
• Sensory reception
Types of Epithelium
a. Shape of the cell
• Cuboidal (like dice)
• Columnar (like bricks on end)
• Squamous (flat like floor tiles)
b. Number of cell layer
• Simple epithelium: a single layer of cells
• Stratified epithelium: multiple tiers of cells
• Pseudostratified
•
•
•
•
•
•
Simple Squamous Epithelium
Simple Cuboidal Epithelium
Simple Columnar Epithelium
Stratified Epithelium
Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium
Transitional Epithelium
“ciliated” literally =
(see next page)
eyelashes
Stratified: regenerate from below
Rare…
Rare…
Glandular epithelia
Some epithelia, called glandular epithelia
because absorb or secrete chemical solutions.
• Glands
• Line the lumen of the digestive and
respiratory tracts form a mucous membrane
Classification of glands
• By where they release their product
– Exocrine: external secretion onto body surfaces
(skin) or into body cavities
– Endocrine: secrete messenger molecules
(hormones) which are carried by blood to target
organs; “ductless” glands
• By whether they are unicellular or
multicellular
Exocrine glands
unicellular or multicellular
Unicellular: goblet cell
scattered within epithelial lining
of intestines and
respiratory tubes
Product: mucin
mucus is mucin & water
Multicellular exocrine glands
Epithelium-walled
duct and a
secretory unit
Examples of exocrine gland products
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Many types of mucus secreting glands
Sweat glands of skin
Oil glands of skin
Salivary glands of mouth
Liver (bile)
Pancreas (digestive enzymes)
Mammary glands (milk)
Endocrine glands
• Ductless glands
• Release hormones into extracellular space
– Hormones are messenger molecules
• Hormones enter blood and travel to specific
target organs
• Transitional
Transitional
Simple Cuboidal
Simple Squamous
Simple Columnar
• Colon
• Intestine
• Duodenum
•
•
•
•
•
•
Loose Connective Tissue
Dense Connective Tissue
Adipose Tissue
Cartilage
Bone
Blood
TYPES OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE
1. True Connective Tissue
a. Loose Connective Tissue
b. Dense Connective Tissue
2. Supportive Connective Tissue
a. Cartilage
b. Bone
5. Liquid Connective Tissue
a. Blood
Classes of Connective Tissue: note the cell types
and great variety of subclasses
Connective tissue
Functions mainly to bind and support other
tissues. Three major components
• Fiber
collagenous fibers
elastic fibers
reticular fibers
• Cell
• Matrix
Classes of Connective Tissue
*
Classes of Connective Tissue
*
Classes of Connective Tissue
*
Classes of Connective Tissue
*
Classes of Connective Tissue
*
Membranes that combine epithelial sheets
plus underlying connective tissue proper
• Cutaneous membranes
– Skin: epidermis and dermis
• Mucous membranes, or mucosa
– Lines every hollow internal organ that opens to the outside
of the body
• Serous membranes, or serosa
– Slippery membranes lining the pleural, pericardial and
peritoneal cavities
– The fluid formed on the surfaces is called a transudate
• Synovial membranes
– Line joints
(a) Cutaneous membrane
(b) Mucous membrane
(c) Serous membrane
• Skeletal Muscle Tissue
• Smooth Muscle Tissue
• Cardiac Muscle Tissue
Biology 100
Human Biology
Organ Systems
Organ Systems
Anatomical Terminology
Relative Position
1.
Superior = above; Inferior = below;
2.
Anterior = front; Posterior = back;
3.
Ventral = front; Dorsal = back;
4.
Medial = center; Lateral = side;
5.
Ipsilateral = same side; Contralateral = other side
6.
Proximal = closer to trunk; Distal = farther from trunk;
7.
Superficial = surface; Deep = internal.
Anatomical Terminology
Body Sections (cuts, planes)
1. Sagittal cut: divides the body into right and left portions.
Midsagittal (median) = equal right and left portions.
2. Transverse Cut: (or horizontal): divides the body into
superior and inferior portions
3. Coronal Cut: (or frontal): divides the body into anterior and
posterior portions.
4. Cross-section:
object
cut at 90 degrees to long axis of the
5. Oblique section:
cut at an angle across an object
6. Longitudinal section: cut with the long axis of an object
Anatomical Terminology
Anatomical Terminology