• - Bone is a living organ made of bone cells, connective tissue, and minerals.
• - What make up our Bones?
- Cortical (compact bone)- Dense and compact (Pg. 116 in text book)
- Trabecular (spongy bone)– (Inner layers) Has a spongy honeycomb like structure.
- Marrow – Produces white & red blood cells, & platelets.
- Why do we need these?
- (WBC) Fight infection, (RBC) Carry oxygen, help your body form clots.

Hand out packets

- The Skull:
- Cranium – Part of the skull that encloses the brain.
- Mandible – The Jaw.
- Sutures – Joints that connect the bones of the skull.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nc5IRj3OJhE
- Sternum - Center of Chest.
- Intercostal – Ribs. (12 on each side)

• - Made up of 33 bones:
• - Cervical (7) – Neck.
• - Thoracic (12) – Inside the ribs.
• - Lumbar (5) – Lower back.
• - Sacral (5) - Inside your pelvis.
• - Coccyx (5) - Tail bone 4 fused together.
• Vertebrae not Vertabrae

The spinal column, more commonly called the backbone, is made up primarily of vertebrae, discs, and the spinal cord.
Acting as a communication conduit for the brain, signals are transmitted and received through the spinal cord.
When an injury to the spinal cord occurs the flow of information from that point down is stopped. This break in instructions to the arms, legs, and other parts of the body will prevent the individual from moving, sometimes breathing, and obstructs or stops any sense of feeling or touch.

- Bones of the Arm:
- Clavicle – Collar bone.
- Scapula – Shoulder blade.
- Humerus – Upper arm
- Radius - Bigger bone of your lower arm.
- Ulna - Smaller bone of lower arm.

- The hand is made up of 27 bones.
- Carpals - Group of bones nearest the wrist.
- Metacarpals – Group of bones that makes
Up the palm of your hand.
- Phalanges – Finger
- 3 groups of phalanges:
- Proximal
- Intermediate
- Distal

• - Bones of the Legs:
• - Femur – Thigh bone.
• - Patella – Knee cap.
• - Tibia – Shin bone.
• - Fibula – Smaller of the lower leg bones.

•
- Bones of the Foot:
- Made up of 26 bones.
• - 3 main groups of bones:
- Tarsals – Near or under the ankle.
- Metatarsals – Make main part of the foot.
- Phalanges – Make up the toes.

http://www.livescience.com Search: Skeletal Structure
- 206 total bones in the human body.
- Purpose of your skeleton:
- To support your body and protect your body and your internal organs.

• Pivot Joint – Movement limited around a central axis.
• - Between vertebrae in your neck.
• Ball & Socket Joint – Many muscles are needed to support because these are the most mobile of joints.
• - Shoulder & Hips.
• Hinge Joint – Back and forth movement, Convex service of one bone fits into the concave surface of another.
• - Ankle, Elbow, Knee.

Soft and flexible tissue, sometimes acting as padding between bones.
http://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-cartilage-function-definition-types.html

What role does it play in our body?
- Provides support and structure while providing a bit of flexibility.
- The in-between of bone and muscle.
- Ex: Joints, Ears, Nose, Ribs, and In-between the vertebrae in our spinal column.

• Directions:
• - With a partner students will be assigned one of the areas of the skeletal system discussed in class and create it.
The systems will be:
- Spine - Arm
- Hand - Foot
- All bones/joints must be labeled.
- Leg
- Rib Cage
- You cannot use pieces of a skeleton.
- You must include a (typed) write up (paper, poster, or PowerPoint) on the importance and how the system functions (at least two examples of how it is used and/or the purpose). On top please include Name and class (period, grade, and day 1 or 2)
- See teacher for system specific function cues.