Planning and Evaluating
Physical Activity Programmes
Specification:
Planning, implementation and/or evaluation of physical activity
programmes/experiences, drawing upon knowledge underpinning
achievement standards 90739 and 90740.
A.S. 3.1 & 3.2
Why have we changed
From...
Physical
Exercise
Programmes
To...
Physical
Activity
Programmes?
To focus on more than just
fitness!
How fit are you?
Unfit
Moderately Fit
Very Fit
FIT FOR
WHAT?
Who is the fittest?
Purpose
What was the context of your
school’s physical activity
programme?
What was the purpose of your
school’s physical activity
programme?
Think-pair-share
How many did we get?
Health & Fitness – maintaining wellbeing
Vertigo – adrenaline / thrill of speed or
danger
Catharsis - release of stress, emotion,
frustration
Social - Team work/bonding, fun with friends
Ascetic – endurance, determination,
overcoming pain
Aesthetic – the beauty and grace of
movement
Reviewing Physical Activity
Content
Physical Activity Content

Purposes of PAP – needs of
individual and/or group

Hauora and PA programmes

Benefits of PA programmes

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–
–
–
–
–
Problems/concerns with PA
programmes
Processes of planning
programmes

Evaluating PA programmes

Own experiential knowledge
Applying Bio-physical
knowledge

Methods of training
Principles of training
Fitness components
Exercise physiology
Sports Psychology
Applying socio-cultural
knowledge
– SPEECH
– Barriers & Enablers
– Personal & Behavioural
What are the different outcomes for
Physical Activity?
Some of the outcomes:
• Hauora/Well being
• Aerobic Fitness
• Muscular Endurance
• Skilled sports performance
• Elite sport performance
• Weight Control or loss
• Socialisation
• Enjoyment
• Recreational activities
• Longevity
• Stress management
• Freedom from disease
• Or a combination of the above
Who uses them?
Anyone!!!
Dancers
People Wanting to get fit
People wanting to experience the
outdoors
Elite Athletes
How do Physical Activity
Programmes relate to Hauora?
Taha Tinana
Taha Whanau
•Exercise physiology
•Pre-existing conditions
•Injuries
•Sleep
•Nutrition etc etc etc
• Individual vs group training
• Sacrifices for training–
family/friends etc
• Encouragement, positive
reinforcement etc
Taha Hinengaro
Taha Wairua
•Exercise adherence
•Challenge
•Training logs
•Enjoyment
•Strategies
• PST (psych skills training)
•Confidence
• Goal setting
• Appreciation of environment
What is important when planning a
physical activity programme?
• Desired outcomes
• Socio-cultural factors
• SMARTER Goals
• Barriers and Enablers
• Principles of Training
• Physiological Data
• Methods of Training
• Personal Feelings
• Logistics
• Behavioural factors
• Periodisation & Peaking
• Hauora/Wellbeing
• Monitoring Programmes • Safety, Rest, Recovery
• Exercise Logs/Records
Goal Setting
“A goal is what an individual is trying to accomplish.
It is the object or aim of an action”
Lock, 1981
Goal Setting is generally thought to affect performance the
following way: in
• Attention: helps to direct a performers attention (focus)
to the important aspects of the task
• Effort: helps to mobilise or increase the appropriate
degree of effort a performer needs to make in relation to
specific task
• Persistence: helps a performer maintain their efforts
over time
• New Strategies: helps a performer to develop new and
various strategies in order to achieve their goals.
SMARTER Goals
Specific
Measurable
Achievable/Accepted/Adjustable
Realistic
Time frame
Exciting
Recorded
Planning
Pre Planning
Includes overview of Hauora
Needs Analysis
Establishing programme goals based on needs
Programming
(synthesis)
Purpose
Timeline
Biophysical factors influencing programme
Socio-cultural influencing programme
Considerations-safety, environment.
Logistics, equipment
(Evaluation)
Justify plan from alternatives (based on
considerations – safety, equipment, logistics)
Use evidence to back up choices (knowledge of
physiological responses to exercise, goals of
programmes, motor skill learning theory)
Use experiences to support choices.
Biophysical & Socio-cultural factors
Biophysical
Socio-cultural
Nutrition
Heart rate
Oxygen uptake
The body’s response
to exercise
Fatigue
Injuries
Muscle changes
Flexibility
Fitness testing
PST
Barriers & enablers
Goal Setting
Body Image
Self Esteem
Fitness myths
Enjoyment
Fitness vs Health
SPEECH
(Society, Political,
Economic, Environment,
Cultural and Historical)
Evaluating
Evaluation:
Identifies desired outcomes and constraints
White Hat
Evidence of meeting outcomes
Yellow Hat
Positives of programme
Black Hat
Negatives of the programme
Red Hat
What are the issues – Assumptions? Bias? Limitations?
Green Hat
What could have been done differently? Explanations for
this.
Blue Hat
Overview and conclusions – a conclusion must be made
based on considerations above/personal feelings
Conclusions are likely to be on either side of the centre
(not a definite yes or no):
Most was good but the following changes …
The following limitations must be addressed.
Critically Evaluate – Points to consider
• Effectiveness of a particular aspect of programming
– e.g. periodisation, fitness testing, pre-testing, application of training
principles
• The effectiveness of a programme to achieve its outcomes
– e.g. Peaking individuals for an event; unexpected outcomes: fatigue,
overtraining; injury, illness, dehydration, heat exhaustion
• The effectiveness of programmes in general
– e.g. The value of having a programme plan or goal setting
• The effectiveness of a programme for a particular:
– Person e.g. Individual needs in a team sport or group situation
– Purpose e.g. Specificity to a playing position; peaking for an event vs
maintaining performance over a season; well-being vs sport
Factors to consider
Students choose PE as a subject for different
reasons.
People choose to participate in physical activity for
different reasons.
Playing sport does not imply a person is fit.
Fitness is specific to a purpose e.g. wellbeing vs
weightlifting.
Muscular endurance is specific to the muscle
groups.
Muscular endurance may interfere with explosive
power and strength.
Physical Activity Programme
Court Room Battle – 2008 Question
Context
Year 13 PE class training for a 3km ocean
swim. Training is done in the school pool.
Tracey is not confident in deep water.
Focus statement
Critically evaluate the planning and
implementation of the personal physical
activity programme of the scenario.
PMIS & the Court Room Battle
Essay
Introduction
Descriptors



Pluses


Key words
Relevant content
Hard facts
Positive view point
What do you agree with?




Minuses



Issues


Suggestions
Conclusion
Negative view point
What do you disagree
with?
Weaknesses
Examine bias
Challenge validity

Initiatives
New ideas

Reflect

Background – own
experiences this year
Own experience
OPV
Strengths

Who benefits?
Errors of logic
OPV
Own experience

Challenge assumptions

Alternatives

Main points



A sample introduction
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Purpose – Individual needs
Process
Outcomes – intended & unintended
Planning considerations
Hauora
Healthism
Technocentricity
Outline of own experience
Unpacking the 2008 Question
Mix n Mingle!!
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Up to 6 people in a group.
Find others with the same number card.
Red cards = +ve view
Black cards = -ve view
Court Room Battle
The sequence of events...
1. Brainstorm – Group is split into + & 
Pluses
2008 Question
 Planning Sheet 1a for Pluses
 De Bono’s Yellow Hat
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Minuses
2008 Question
 Planning Sheet 1b for Minuses
 De Bono’s Black Hat

Time frame to complete writing is 5 minutes
Court Room Battle
The next sequence of events...
2. In-depth planning of 1 statement
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3.
Planning sheet 2a & 2b
Planning sheet 3a & 3 b
Presentations from the pluses & minuses
Time frame to complete writing is 10 mins
Areas of Critique
• Healthism
– The body needs to be kept in tune.
– Individual’s are responsible.
– SPEECH factors are irrelevant to an individual’s
health
• The body as a project
– the body is open to reconstruction to improve it
• Commodification
– The fitness industry makes money from people’s
desire to be fit or thin
www.powerade.co.nz
Areas of Critique
• Technocentricity (The body as a machine)
– Programmes focusing on improving
performance at all costs may neglect hauora.
– Burnout due to the body being treated as a
machine?
• Scientism
– Valuable knowledge is based on strict
scientific measurement e.g. fitness testing
www.powerade.co.nz
What is wrong with a blue print for creating
physical activity programmes?
• Is there any value in using a “one size fits
all” or standardised programme approach?
• What challenges could you encounter if
you used this sequence in designing all
types of physical activity programmes?
“One Size Fit’s All” Programmes
Positives:
Getting active
Ease of
management
Working with
others (doing the
same thing)
Training relevant
components
Negatives:
Might not match your
desired outcome/goals
Negative influence
this could have on
individual if outcomes
aren’t achieved
Injuries not
considered
Current level of
fitness
Post debate discussion
4. Examining Issues –
• Planning sheet 4
• De Bonos Hats – red, green blue:
• Examine bias
• Challenge assumptions
• Identify omissions/limitations
– Select ONE issue from the list
– Jot down key points
– Feedback to the forum
Time frame to complete writing is 5 mins
Suggestions
What are the factors that determine
whether the planning and implementation of
a programme are effective?
–
–
–
–
Initiatives
New Ideas
Alternatives
Ways forward
Time frame to complete writing is 5 mins
Conclusion
 Continuum
Activity
Take a position
 Justify your position
 1-2 Key points from the debate

References
• Davis, D., Kimmet, T. et al. (2004). Senior Physical
Education. An Integrated Approach. 2nd edition.
• Wilmore, J. & Costill, D. (1994). Physiology of Sport
and Exercise.
• Wesson, K., Wiggins-James. et al. (2005). Sport and
PE. A Complete Guide to Advanced Level Study. 3rd
edition.
• Gillespie, L. & McBain, S. (2009)Scholarship Physical
Education Toolbox.
Wrap up
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Return all planning sheets to the front desk
Material will be posted to the wiki
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http://peandhealth.wikispaces.com/Scholarship+Page
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Thank you to those who gave permission to be
photographed / videoed
Don’t forget brianmac is a good source of
articles.
http://www.brianmac.co.uk/articles/scni35a10.htm#g