4 Questions
1. What are our current fishing practices?
2. What impacts do these practices have
on the ocean floor?
3. What are the major problems plaguing
our oceans?
4. What are some solutions?
1
What are the current fishing
practices?
2
Fish farming
in cage
Trawl flap
Trawler
fishing
Spotter airplane
Sonar
Purse-seine fishing
Trawl
lines
Trawl bag
Long line
fishing
Fish
school
Drift-net fishing
Float Buoy
Lines with
hooks
Deep sea
aquaculture cage
Fish caught
by gills
Fig. 12-A, p. 255
Purse Seines
Fish farming
in cage
Trawl flap
Trawler
fishing
Spotter airplane
Sonar
Purse-seine fishing
Trawl
lines
Trawl bag
Long line
fishing
Fish
school
Drift-net fishing
Float Buoy
Lines with
hooks
Deep sea
aquaculture cage
Fish caught
by gills
Fig. 12-A, p. 255
What impacts do these have
on ocean life?
• Area of ocean before and after a
trawler net, acting like a giant
plow, scraped it.
Figure 12-2
What are the current
problems in our oceans?
• The major decline in the worldwide
catch of fish since 1990 is because of
over-fishing.
• By-catch- fish or animals that were
not meant to be caught.
• Pollution in the 5 major gyres ( Trash
patches)
• Whaling
pollution
Overfishing and Extinction:
Gone Fishing, Fish Gone
• About 75% of the world’s
commercially valuable marine fish
species are over fished or fished
near their sustainable limits.
– Big fish are becoming scarce.
– Smaller fish are next.
– We throw away 40% of the fish we
catch.
– We needlessly kill sea mammals and
birds.
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BYCATCH
• Overfishing and BYCATCH
• Sea Turtles
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Whaling
• IWC: International Whaling Commission
– Set up in 1946
– 1986 Zero whale catch was introduced (except for
subsistence fishermen which have limited numbers)
• JAPAN Whaling : RESEARCH
– “North Pacific (2) - JARPN II (2000 and ongoing)
It included sub-projects on:
1) feeding ecology (including prey consumption and
preferences of cetaceans and ecosystem modeling);
2) stock structure;
3) environmental effects on cetaceans and the marine
ecosystem
http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-17312460
http://www.takepart.com/article/2013/03/01/japan-retreats-whale-hunt
• WHALE WARS
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Sustainable Fishing
Practices
19
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How do we do this…
• Market Place
– Read labels
• Economic Incentives
–
–
–
–
–
TEDs
Round hooks
No more subsidies
Optimum sustainable yield
Individual Transferable Quotas (ITQ’s)
–
–
–
–
IWC
Japan Whaling Research
Exclusive Economic Zones vs. high seas
Marine Protected Areas (MPA’s)
• Regulatory Approaches
Aquacultures aka Blue
Revolution
Advantages
• Possibly support 50%
of world’s seafood
need.
• Low fuel cost
• High yield in low
volume of water
• Reduces
overharvesting
Disadvantages
• Large waste output
• Destroy habitats
• Uses grain to feed some
species
• Dense populations
susceptible to disease.
• Escapes threatens wild
fish populations (Disease,
competition and
interbreeding)
• Aquaculture:
http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/aquaculture
/library/aq_video_gallery.html
• Sustainable fishing in the Coral
Triangle:http://wwf.panda.org/what_w
e_do/how_we_work/conservation/mari
ne/sustainable_fishing/
• TED’s:http://video.nationalgeographic.c
om/video/environment/threats-toanimals-environment/turtle-excluder/
Now its time to summarize…
These notes are about…
Three things I learned today are…
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