WHAT IS MATTER?
Physical Science
Chapter 1 Lesson 1
Mr. Etheridge
Lesson 1 What is Matter?
• All living and non living things are made of matter.
• Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.
• Mass is the amount of material that an object has it it and
the amount of space the object takes up because of its
mass is called volume.
Matter, Mass, and Volume
Physical Properties of Matter
• http://www.brainpop.com/science/matterandchemistry/mat
terchangingstates/
• Think about something you received for Christmas. What
physical characteristics would you use to describe this gift
to a friend?
• A property is something about matter that can be
observed and tells you what the matter is like.
Physical Properties and States of Matter
• Color, shape, size, and mass are some physical
properties of matter.
• One important property of matter is the state, or form the
matter has. What are the three states of matter?
Shapes of Solids, Liquids, and Gas
• A solid has a shape and a volume of its own. Your desks
and books are solids.
• A liquid has a certain volume, but it has no shape of its
own. It will take the shape of the container it is in.
• A gas, like a liquid does not have a shape of its own.
Unlike a liquid, gas does not have a volume of its own.
Solids, Liquids, and Gas
Mixtures and Solids
• Matter can be mixed in very different ways.
• Think about following directions in a cook book, the
different ingredients you mix together are all forms of
matter.
• Mixture – two or more substances that are mixed together
but can easily be separated.
• Solution – is a mixture in which one substance spreads
evenly throughout another substance.
Example of Solution and Mixture
Lesson 1 Review
• What is matter and what are some ways you could
describe matter?
• What are the three states of matter?
• How do the shapes and volumes of solids, liquids, and
gases differ?
Lesson 2 Measuring Length and Volume
• Length is one property of matter
• Length is used using the metric system
• Centimeters = cm 1/100 of a meter
• Millimeters = mm 1/1000 of a meter
• Kilometers = km 1,000 meters
• Volume is another property of matter that measures how
much space an object takes up
• Measured in cubic meters, so how many cubes fill the object
• To measure the volume of a liquid you would measure in liters
Volume of Solids and Liquids Continued
The formula for finding volume is:
Length x Width x Height = Volume
A Graduated Cylinder
is a tool used to
measure the volume of
liquids
Lesson 2 Review
• What is one unit used for measuring the volume of a
solid?
• What is the basic unit for measuring the volume of a
liquid?
• What measuring tool is used to measure the volume of a
liquid?
Lesson 3 Mass and Density
• Just like length and volume, mass is a property of matter
than can be measured. Mass is basically how heavy an
object is.
• Grams, Milligrams, and Kilograms are used to measure
mass.
Density
• Density is another property of matter. Its how much mass
is in a certain volume of matter.
• If matter is more Dense it has more matter. If it is less
Dense it will have less matter.
The 100 mL of vinegar
has a greater mass
than the 100 mL of oil.
Therefore the oil floats
on the top and the
vinegar sinks.
Lesson Review
• What metric units are used to measure mass?
• How is density different than mass?
Lesson 4 Physical Changes
• Matter goes through certain changes. Sometimes those
changes are fast and sometimes they are slow.
• Changes in the shape, size, color are examples of a
physical change.
• Freezing, boiling, and melting
• Physical change does not change matter into a different
type of matter. So, no new substance is created.
Physical Change Continued…
• Crushing a can
• Breaking Glass
• Shredding Paper
• Chopping Wood
• Melting ice
All of these are examples
Of physical change
Heating and Cooling Matter
• Another way to change matter is by heating or cooling it.
Heating or cooling matter to certain temperatures causes
matter to change.
• Melting Point – the temperature at which matter changes
from a solid to a liquid.
• Boiling Point – the temperature at which matter changes
from liquid to a gas.
• Freezing Point – the temperature at which matter changes
from a liquid to a solid.
Lesson 4 Review
• Name 3 physical changes that can happen to material?
• How does heating and cooling cause changes in matter?
Lesson 5 Chemical Changes
• Unlike physical change, a chemical change produces a
completely different kind of matter.
• Example: When we cook pancakes, a chemical change is
taking place. Turn and talk to your shoulder partner to
discuss this chemical change.
Chemical Changes
• To make pancakes we first have
to mix all of the ingredients
together as liquid batter.
• As we pour the batter onto the
griddle, it begins to cook and a
gas is formed by the ingredients
in the batter.
• As the gas bubbles rise to the top
and escape, they create tiny air
pockets and the pancake begins
to turn brown and solid.
Rusting, Tarnishing, and Burning
• Other examples of chemical changes taking place are
rusting, tarnishing, and burning.
Rust forms when
oxygen from
The air joins with iron
on the surface
Of this car
When oxygen from the air
Mixes with certain metals
It can make them look dull
Or discolored
Oxygen and hydrogen
Combine to create an
Explosion shooting this
Spaceship in the air
Lesson 5 Review
• Explain the difference between a physical and chemical
change.
• http://www.brainpop.com/science/matterandchemistry/propertychan
ges/
• Name three examples of chemical change other than
cooking.