PHYLUM NEMATODA Phylum Nematoda 12,000 species 500,000 possible Cylindrical body Only longitudinal muscles Non-cellular cuticle with several layers Pseudocoelomate Mouth and anus Phylum Nematoda Second worm phylum More than flatworms Think of rubber tubing Invertebrates Tube-like body tapering to a point Roundworms – found everywhere soil, freshwater, salt water, and in and on other organisms wet sand, forest soils, Antarctic sands, and even pools of super hot water Physical Characteristics 1. Round, smooth, tube-like 2. Pointed at both ends (taper to a point at each end) 3. 2 body openings not one (more complex than flatworms) 2 openings to digestive system -anterior is the mouth -posterior is the anus 4. The digestive system is one continuous tube from mouth to anus (organs float in this tube) 5. cephalization Roundworms Cell / Tissue Structure 1. 3 cell layers: endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm = triploblastic Pseudocoelomates: body cavity not fully developed 2. Organized cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems 3. Body round (x-section), covered with cuticle Locomotion Roundworms have a unique way of moving Have muscle tissue which runs lengthwise tip to tip As the muscle contract, the tail end and head end are pulled closer together Move like a whip Digestive System (Food Getting) Unlike flatworms have a body cavity and the organs move in the body cavity (not a true coelom) 1. 2 body openings (can feed and excrete at the same time) 2. More efficient than the flatworm 3. Both free living and parasitic (parasites) Free living Role as decomposers in soil Digest dead matter and return useful material to soil 3 billion in a acre of topsoil Parasites Harmful and harmless Harmful -can cause millions of dollars of crop damage every year -hookworm and trichina worm (trichinosis) What is Trichinosis? Humans Eating pork or other meat that is infected Pigs take in through infected garbage Reproduce in intestines Larvae burrow in body of muscle tissue Get meat from pig and if not cooked well, the larvae will not be killed and transfers to the human Grows in the intestine Causes muscle pain, fever, weakness, and can lead to death if not treated Trichinosis Cycle: Trichinosis continued Trichinosis (trichinella worm) - cysts within the muscles are consumed (undercooked food) -- worm grows in intestine -- forms cysts in the muscles of the new host -- symptom: terrible pain in muscles Nervous and Reproductive System Nervous System – simple Reproductive System – 1. most are separate sexes 2. sexual reproduction – transfer of egg and sperm No Respiratory and Circulatory System Examples: *size varies from microscopic to some parasites 1 meter long 1. Ascaris – free living and parasitic (free living = often beneficial, predators in the garden) 2. Trichina Worm – parasite (trichinosis) 3. Hookworm - parasite Roundworms More parasite pics Filarial Worms - found in Tropical regions of Asia - usually transmitted by mosquitoes - causes elephantiasis Ascarid Worms (common roundworm) - lives in intestine - eggs are passed out in the feces Most roundworms infect dogs, but occasionally they find their way into human hosts Hookworms - burrow into the skin from soil - mature in the intestines -hooks used to attach and suck blood