Chapter 17 ROMANESQUE ART
Western Europe
1050-1200
“Build it (block by block) and
they will come”
• Build it: Churches
• Block by block: stone, vaults, “blocky”
• They will come: pilgrimages (scale,
design, location)
Romanesque Stylistic Characteristics
• Large Scale Architecture and Sculpture (Pilgrimages)
• Regional Diversity
•Differing verticality, ceilings (vaults)
•Stone (thick, solid walls)
•Round arch, barrel and groin vaults
•Crossing ratio
•Plain exterior
Regional Romanesques
1. France (SE@Vignory, St. Sernin): modular, barrel vaults
2. Lombardy, N. Italy (Sant’ Ambrogio): campanile, less
verticality,
3. Normandy/England (SE@Caen, Durham Cathedral):
verticality; rib vaults
4. Tuscan (Pisa complex): timber roofs, low, marble,
arcades, incrustation
Architectural Elements
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Ambulatory
Radiating Chapels
Portal (and parts)
Nave, transept, side
aisles
Cruciform
Crossing Square
Bays (Modules of
nave/side aisles)
Gallery (tribune level)
9.
10.
11.
12.
Clerestory (smaller)
Barrel vault (*majority)
Groin vault (side aisles)
Cloister (in monastic
abbey churches)
Northern style
St. Etienne, Vignory, France French
Roman.
• Stone masonry
• Timber Roof
• Fake Tribune
• Abstract capitals
• Radiating Chapel
St. Sernin, Toulouse, France
x U
U
U
U
U
U
Xx
Groin vaults Xx
Barrel vaultsXx
Xx
xx
buttresses
Modular plan:
Bay ½ crossing
Aisle ¼ crossing, etc.
St. Sernin, Toulouse, France
Nave Elevation Groin Vaults
Compound piers
Transverse arch
Barrel Vaults Tribune
Double aisles
GERMAN ROMANESQUE
Speyer Cathedral
Compound piers
Groin vaults
Clerestory windows
Alternate-support system
http://www.owlnet.rice.edu/~hart205/Cathedrals/Plan/speyer.plan.gif
http://www.washington.edu/ark2/archtm/MLC1317.html
http://faculty-web.at.northwestern.edu/art-history/werckmeister/
Italian Romanesque –
Southern
Sant’Ambrogio, Milan, Italy
Campaniles
Narthex
Shorter like EC basilicas
Rib Vaulting
Transverse arch
vs. vaults
Regionalism - verticality
Sant’Ambrogio
St. Sernin,
Milan, Italy
Toulouse,
France Speyer Cathedral
Germany
Cathedral complex, Pisa (Tuscany)
• Transept
• Crossing dome
• Façade’s multiple arcaded galleries
• homogeneous
Baptistery
Campanile
Cathedral
incrustation
Light and airy
St. Etienne, Caen, France
Norman Romanesque*
East
Tripartite division
(Division into 3’s)
Gothic
spires
Sexpartite vaults
(6 bays)
Rib vault
buttresses
Durham Cathedral, England
• Long, Slender (vs. modular)
• 1st ribbed groin vault over 3 story nave
• Rib vault with slightly pointed arches
Quadrant arches
Chevron
Diamond
Cable
Romanesque Sculpture,
etc.
Cloister of Saint-Pierre, Moissac
Historiated capitals
Bestiaries
Miracles of Saint Martin
Griffins
Christ in Majesty
with angels and
Twenty-Four Elders
Saint-Pierre,
Moissac, France.
Tympanum
Gardner’s Art Through the Ages
instructional1.calstatela.edu/.../
www.tronchin.com/Art1A/lecture21.htm
Flashcard
Flashcard
Gislebertus,
Last Judgment
Weighing of the souls
Eve, N. Side
www.tronchin.com/Art1A/lecture21.htm
http://www.sciencemusings.com/blog/uploaded_images/Eve-760679.jpg
Flashcard
Moralia in Job, Initial R with
knight fighting a dragon
instructional1.calstatela.edu/.../
Morgan Madonna
Flashcard
Throne of
wisdom
instructional1.calstatela.edu/.../
www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/virg/hd_virg.htm
Bayeux Tapestry
Funeral procession to Westminster Abbey
Flashcard
Norman Cavalry Charging
Battle of Hastings
instructional1.calstatela.edu/.../