Asbestos Awareness for Plumbers ASBESTOS COMPLACENCY KILLS Workshops supported by WorkSafe Victoria © MPMSAA 2004 1 Asbestos awareness steering committee • • • • • • Ray Herbert, MPMSAA Vin Ebejer, MPMSAA Peter Kikos, MPMSAA Peter Jensen, Worboys Plumbing Lawrie O’Shea, O’Shea Plumbing Michael Kennedy, Kennedy Plumbing • Bill Hayes, W & Y Hayes-Blaze Control • Stephen Dean, DOHTS • Stephen Darnley, WorkSafe Victoria © MPMSAA 2004 • • • • • • Project Chairman Project Manager Project Officer Industry Representative Industry & AISS Representative Industry Representative • Industry Representative • Consultant/Trainer • Nominated Officer 2 Asbestos - Legal responsibilities The James Hardie experience • People who contract an asbestos related disease will seek financial support from parties responsible for their illness • Individuals or their dependents may seek compensation through workers’ compensation authorities • But, contractors remain liable to common law claims for compensation © MPMSAA 2004 3 Asbestos – the product FRIABLE material: easily crumbled with finger pressure, (steam pipe lagging) high potential to generate airborne fibres NON-FRIABLE material: bonded material, (AC sheet) low potential to generate airborne fibres unless cut with power tools • Non-friable Asbestos containing material (ACM) in good condition and where it is not easily disturbed or damaged is not a health risk • ACM that is adequately sealed or enclosed is not a health risk • This material has the potential to be a health risk if disturbed or damaged “It is like a sleeping dragon if you disturb it; it can hurt you.” © MPMSAA 2004 4 What is asbestos? • Naturally occurring rock • Two families of minerals • Serpentine • Amphibole • Occurs as bundles of very fine fibres • Stressing of fibres often results in an increase of airborne asbestos fibres • Three common types commercially used in Australia • Blue - Crocidolite • Brown - Amosite • White - Chrysotile © MPMSAA 2004 5 Working with Asbestos Containing Material Asbestos Products - Where they were used • • • • • • • • • • Roofs and walls Wet areas Storm and sewerage pipes Heater and hot water service flues Mortar Bituminous membranes Galbestos Adhesives & Mastiks Gaskets, Seals Roadway Pits Over 3000 products produced in Australia © MPMSAA 2004 6 Working with Asbestos Containing Material How do you identify asbestos containing material? – Consult the work site record of results (refer building owner/manager) – Look for asbestos labels – Take a sample for identification • WorkSafe Asbestos bulletin No. 1, Approved Asbestos Analysts • For identification of asbestos (YES/NO) and for counting airborne fibres (number of fibres per ml. of air) • The analyst must be NATA approved – Err on the side of caution and assume that it is ACM. You can deem it to be asbestos containing material from your knowledge and experience © MPMSAA 2004 7 Working with Asbestos containing Material Asbestos cement (AC) building products • • • • Use of Crocidolite (blue) ceased 1968 Sheets and mouldings asbestos free by late 1981 Compressed sheet asbestos-free by late 1983 Corrugated sheet asbestos-free by late 1985 “Use of products containing asbestos largely ceased in the late 1980’s but use/re-use was not prohibited until Dec 2003.” © MPMSAA 2004 8 Asbestos - Health Effects If asbestos products or asbestos containing materials are disturbed, damaged, broken or worked on so that asbestos fibres become airborne it is a potential major health hazard. A long period of time can occur between first breathing asbestos dust and a disease appearing (latency period) The diseases are essentially untreatable The emphasis must be on prevention of: 1. Exposure to dust/fibre 2. Inhalation of dust/fibre. © MPMSAA 2004 9 The basis for the concern • Mortality study - deaths amongst 17,800 asbestos insulation workers, for at least 20 years, who were union members in the USA and Canada, 1967 to 1986 (Selikoff & Seidman: Annals New York Academy of Sciences) Cause of Death Expected no of deaths (normal population) Observed no of deaths (workers) Total - all causes 3,453 4,951 Total cancer, all types 761 2,295 Lung cancer 269 1,168 Mesothelioma 0 458 Gastrointestinal cancer 136 189 Gastrointestinal cancer extended 56 80 Pulmonary diseases noninfectious 145 507 0 427 2,547 2,149 Asbestosis All other causes © MPMSAA 2004 10 Asbestos - Health Effects Pleural Plaques • The pleura is the membrane lining the lung • Plaques are detected by chest X-ray or CAT scan • Pleural plaques are regarded as signs of significant asbestos exposure over an extended period • They may be associated with some reduction in lung function, but also may not have any direct health impact • Latency may be up to 10 years • It is not clear whether they are a precursor to other asbestos related diseases © MPMSAA 2004 11 Asbestos - Health Effects Asbestosis • A “dust disease” where soft and elastic lung tissue becomes hard and fibrous • Causes difficulty in breathing which can get worse • Latency period may be 15 to 30 years • Can be fatal • Caused by all forms of asbestos © MPMSAA 2004 12 Asbestos - Health Effects Lung cancer • Identical to the disease caused by smoking • A cancer of the airways in the lung • Latency period may be 20 years • Almost always fatal • Caused by all types of asbestos © MPMSAA 2004 13 Asbestos - Health Effects Mesothelioma • A cancer of the lining of the lung, stomach or heart • Usually extremely rare • With asbestos exposure in the last 10 years, 400 to 650 cases in Australia per year • Exposure to asbestos is only known cause • Latency period at least 15 years, can be up to 60 years, • Appears to have been caused by lower exposures to asbestos © MPMSAA 2004 14 Asbestos – Risks • “Risk” means the likelihood of illness or disease arising from exposure to airborne asbestos fibres • Not everyone who is exposed to airborne asbestos fibres gets an asbestos disease • It is not possible to tell who will get an asbestos disease © MPMSAA 2004 15 Asbestos – Risks What must a plumber do in relation to ACM? Prevent / avoid: • Exposure to airborne asbestos fibres • Potentially creating airborne asbestos fibres Need to control the risk to: • Self and family • Clients and work mates • Community © MPMSAA 2004 16 Asbestos – Risks Some of the factors affecting the risk of getting an asbestos disease are: • How much asbestos dust there is in the air being inhaled by the individual • The total length of time for which the dust is breathed, whether continuously, or over repeated bursts of exposure • The dimension and concentration of the fibres inhaled • The age of the person when first exposed • Whether or not the person smokes © MPMSAA 2004 17 Asbestos – Risks How RISK depends on DOSE:— • If the dose is increased, the risk is increased • If the dose is reduced, the risk is reduced • The Asbestos Regulations include a requirement to reduce exposure to airborne asbestos so far as is practicable • Prevent exposure by not generating airborne asbestos dust Reduce the risk to you by reducing the DOSE ! © MPMSAA 2004 18 Asbestos – Risks Plumbers can be potentially exposed to asbestos when they: • Carry out tasks that require them to handle ACM eg. Removing ACM flue from space heater or hot water service • Carry out tasks that have the potential to create airborne asbestos fibres eg. Create penetrations in AC eaves sheets for pipes • Work in the vicinity of ACM eg. Maintenance in a ceiling space where ACM is present Because asbestos was used for most of the 20th century, as a component of so many products, nearly all workers will encounter it at some stage of their working lives. © MPMSAA 2004 19 Asbestos – Risks How can a plumber be potentially put at risk by creating airborne dust containing asbestos fibres? • Not identify ACM • ACM identified but information not passed on to plumber • ACM not labeled • Knew ACM was present but did not follow procedures to control generation of airborne fibres • Potentially generated airborne fibres by disturbing asbestos with mechanical work, power tools or compressed air ACM in good condition, sealed or enclosed in position where it is not disturbed or easily damaged is not a health risk. “Remember it is like the sleeping dragon!” © MPMSAA 2004 20 Asbestos – Risks Level of asbestos fibres in the air i What the Regulations say about airborne asbestos fibres; Measured in fibres per ml of air (f/ml) by a NATA analyst Exposure Standard (8 hour average) (At this level or below health effects should not occur) Tasks likely to create airborne asbestos fibres in excess of half the Exposure Standard (Action level) Clearance level for removal work Level of detection for counting method © MPMSAA 2004 0.1 f/ml of air 0.05 f/ml of air Less than 0.01 f/ml of air (taken as ZERO) 21 Asbestos – Risks Fibre levels relating to tasks Need to be below 0.1f/ml to control potential health risk Material and activities • Cutting AC sheet with an angle grinder • Cutting AC sheet with a circular saw • Cutting AC sheet with a jigsaw • Cutting AC sheet with a hand saw Typical exposures (f/ml) • 15 – 25 • 10 – 20 • 2.0 – 10 • up to 1.0 Typical exposure during work with asbestos and asbestos containing materials taken from information in Health & Safety Executive, UK, documents © MPMSAA 2004 22 Asbestos – Risks Fibre levels relating to tasks Need to be below 0.1f/ml to control potential health risk Material and activities • Cleaning AC wall sheet with wire brush (dry) • Cleaning AC wall sheet with wire brush (wet) • Cleaning AC roof sheet with wire brush (dry) • Cleaning AC roof sheet with wire brush (wet) Typical exposures (f/ml) • 5–8 • 1.0 – 2.0 • 3.0 • 1.0 - 3.0 Typical exposure during work with asbestos and asbestos containing materials taken from information in Health & Safety Executive, UK, documents © MPMSAA 2004 23 Asbestos – Risks Fibre levels relating to tasks Need to be below 0.1f/ml to control potential health risk Material and activities Typical exposures (f/ml) • Removal of AC sheet (with care) • up to 0.5 • Stacking of AC sheet (with care) • up to 0.5 • Demolition of structures previously clad • up to 0.1 in AC sheet (dry) • Demolition of structures previously clad • up to 0.01 in AC sheet (wet) Typical exposure during work with asbestos and asbestos containing materials taken from information in Health & Safety Executive, UK, documents © MPMSAA 2004 24 Asbestos Regulations 2003 What are the tasks a plumber MUST NOT undertake unless they are a licenced removalist? • MUST NOT carry out asbestos removal work beyond the limits set out by the regulations • Class A & Class B licensed asbestos removalist • MUST NOT work on friable asbestos • Friable material – Easily crumbled or reduced to powder by hand pressure (eg steam pipe lagging) – High potential to generate airborne fibres © MPMSAA 2004 25 Asbestos Regulations 2003 Working with Asbestos containing Material What can a plumber do; who is not a licenced removalist. They may carry out tasks involving ACM under Part 8 of the Asbestos regulations? Such as: • • • • • • • • • • Collecting samples of ACM for identification Transport of ACM for disposal after removal Removal of ACM; flues, water pipe, AC-sheet, AC roofing and fittings if meet criteria of Reg. 207 Painting AC sheet Making a hole in AC sheet/water pipe/road pits (hand tools0 Cutting AC sheet/water pipe (hand tools) Cleaning AC gutters Clean up non-friable debris if meet criteria of DG Order Repairing damaged AC sheet Work involving bituminous products containing asbestos © MPMSAA 2004 26 Asbestos Regulations 2003 The Regulations ALLOW plumbers to perform small scale removal subject to the following criteria (Reg. 207): 1. Can only remove non-friable ACM for up to one hour every seven days (per company, must be documented) 2. Work can only involve removal of small amounts of nonfriable ACM but conditions apply I. II. ACM removal to take less than one hour (per company) Can remove up to 10 m2 in area, total area of ACM i. ii. approximately 4 sheets of AC or roofing approximately 4 lengths of AC flue and fittings 3. The work needs to meet the requirements of Part 8 4. If you need to do more than this then you need to become a Class B (Non-friable) removalist © MPMSAA 2004 27 Social & Financial IMPACT to Business A plumber who is not a licenced removalist and proposes to remove quantities of non-friable ACM permitted under regulation 207 must meet the legal requirements of Part 8 of the Regulations • Not following the required regulations has potential health costs for: • SELF and family • Clients and workmates • Community • And has real financial implications: • Insurance exclusion • Government Regulators prosecution © MPMSAA 2004 28 Financial Business Impact Model Insurance Policy Exclusion in relation to liability This policy section does not insure liability arising directly or indirectly out of or in connection with, or for: • any mining use, handling, removal, manufacture, processing, distribution, transportation or storage of asbestos or raw material containing asbestos; • inhalation of asbestos fibres resulting from any process of decontamination, treatment, removal or control of asbestos or materials containing asbestos; or • loss of, damage to, or loss of use of property, due to the presence of asbestos © MPMSAA 2004 29 Business and Community Obligation What must a plumber do who is not a licenced removalist who decides to work on ACM? – Must control risk of being exposed to airborne asbestos fibres or potentially creating airborne asbestos fibres – Need to remove risk to: • Self and family • Clients and fellow workers • Community HOW? NO AIRBORNE DUST while carrying out the task At the end of the job there must be – NO VISIBLE DEBRIS left in area © MPMSAA 2004 30 ASBESTOS THE SILENT KILLER Asbestos containing material (ACM) in good condition sealed or enclosed in a position where it is not disturbed or easily damaged is not a health risk. It has the potential to be a health risk if disturbed, damaged or worked on. “It is like a sleeping dragon - if you disturb it; it can hurt you.” © MPMSAA 2004 31 Asbestos Containing Material Requirements of the OH&S (Asbestos) Regulations (2003) Part 8 Awareness Workshops supported by WorkSafe Victoria © MPMSAA 2004 32 Summary of Regulations: Part 8 • Identify activity • sampling suspected asbestos or asbestos-containing material; • the transport of waste asbestos for disposal purposes • the removal of small amounts of non friable asbestoscontaining material as discussed already • the enclosing or sealing of asbestos-containing material • hand drilling and cutting of asbestos-containing material • any other task which is likely to create airborne asbestos fibres in excess of 0.05 f/ml (Reg 305 allows use of power tools if it can be demonstrate that airborne fibre levels do not exceed 0.05 f/ml when carrying out task) © MPMSAA 2004 33 Summary of Regulations: Part 8 • Identification of ACM and Risk assessment • Control risk of generation of airborne asbestos fibres • Work area separated & clean (no dry sweeping) • May need asbestos medical • Must decontaminate & decontaminate tools at end of task • Dispose of waste as per EPA guidelines, double bag • Supervision • Inform immediate & adjacent • Inform applicants • Information and training needed to carry out task © MPMSAA 2004 34 Working with Asbestos containing Material 1. Work in vicinity of ACM – If the ACM is sealed and enclosed, not damaged and your work is not going to disturb the ACM; must be identified, a record of results completed for workplaces and labeled where practicable. • Working in a work shop with AC walls • Working in boiler room with asbestos lagged pipe work Asbestos containing material (ACM) in good condition, sealed or enclosed in position where it is not disturbed or easily damaged is not a health risk. It has the potential to be a health risk if disturbed or damaged. (Remember the sleeping dragon) © MPMSAA 2004 35 Working with Asbestos containing Material 2. Work on ACM • Work on ACM that has minimal potential to generate airborne asbestos fibres is of minimal risk. A risk assessment should be completed to document this and a work procedure created. • Cleaning AC gutters • Painting AC sheet walls • Work on ACM that has the potential to generate airborne asbestos fibres is a potential risk. A risk assessment must be completed to document this and procedures established for the work to control the generation of airborne asbestos fibres. – Cutting AC water pipe – Creating holes in AC sheet © MPMSAA 2004 36 Working with Asbestos containing Material 3. Small scale removal of ACM • Removal of ACM has the potential for damage to occur and creating airborne asbestos fibres. • A risk assessment must be completed to document this and procedures established for the work to control the generation of airborne asbestos fibres. – Removing a flue from a gas appliance – Removing a burst piece of AC water pipe © MPMSAA 2004 37 Working with Asbestos containing Material Questions to be asked before you start the job Is it asbestos containing material? YES 3 options • Consult the site record of results if it is a workplace • Take sample for identification • • WorkSafe Asbestos Bulletin No 1, Approved Asbestos Analysts • Analysts must be NATA approved Err on the side of caution and assume that it is ACM © MPMSAA 2004 38 Working with Asbestos containing Material Is it friable ? YES • "friable" means, when dry, may be crumbled, pulverised or reduced to powder by hand pressure, or as a result of a work process becomes such that it may be crumbled, pulverised or reduced to powder by hand pressure; • CANNOT remove and DO NOT undertake the work unless a Class A removalist is used. • Refer to WorkSafe web site to get list of Class A removalists © MPMSAA 2004 39 Working with Asbestos containing Material Does task to be carried out involve removal of non-friable ACM? • Is the area of ACM greater than 10m2 • Is going to take longer than one hour? • Have you or any other employee in your company done any work in the last 7 days which required the removal of ACM? • Will the total time spent removing ACM for you or your company exceed one hour? If YES to any of the above questions Class B removalists are required to carry out the task and you cannot do the job As you can only remove non friable ACM for up to one hour every seven days (per company) Refer to WorkSafe web site for list of Class B removalists © MPMSAA 2004 40 Working with Asbestos containing Material If you are still going to carry out the task involving ACM • Need to conduct a Risk assessment on the task to be carried out – Can be generic • Need to have procedure to carry out task involving ACM – To establish measures taken to control risk of generating airborne asbestos fibres © MPMSAA 2004 41 Identification & Risk Assessment Time taken to remove ACM: 20 minutes Signature Company: Dino’s Plumbing Name: Thread Bear Date: 220204 Location 11 Duckpound Drive, Farm Yard (need for EPA) Description of work: Remove flue from hot water service Type of ACM to be worked on: Non-friable, asbestos cement flue, 2 lengths and fittings Amount of ACM: less than 2 m2 (need for EPA) ACM waste delivered to: Crazy Freds Waste (need for EPA) Details of identification Asbestos containing material (ACM): deemed to be ACM by Thread Bear Condition of ACM? Good Control Measures to prevent generation of dust (airborne asbestos fibre) from work on ACM: Dino’s Plumbing Flue removal procedures DP 12 Potential for risk to others? No, working in roof space Potential for work to cause disturbance of ACM? No, ACM kept wet and bagged as soon as practicable Work to be carried out Controls in place to prevent generation of airborne asbestos fibre Disconnect flue fittings Wet down and PPE Remove flue, collect all visible debris clean surfaces Wet down, wet wipe, handle with care and PPE Place in bag tape, double bag PPE © MPMSAA 2004 42 Identification & Risk Assessment What is required to be documented • • Description of job, location, amount removed and disposal Identification of ACM – – • At workplace from record of results Domestic identified or deemed • • Description of controls in place to prevent generation of airborne asbestos fibres Controls in place to control risk to others Risk assessment accessible to employees & OH&S representatives Must record and retain risk assessment Review & revise risk assessment if changes occur • Review risk assessment every 5 years • • © MPMSAA 2004 43 Procedures • Need to have procedure to carry out task involving ACM – To establish measures to control risk of generating airborne asbestos fibres Proforma for procedure to be on website If we consider the flue removal just looked at: What is necessary to carry out that task? – Job Safety Analysis (JSA) to cover all hazards associated with task – Completed asbestos risk assessment – Procedure for removal © MPMSAA 2004 44 Procedure for flue removal Preparation for removal: • Notify anyone in the immediate and adjacent area • Restrict access to the work area to those involved in the ACM removal; if necessary. • Gain access to ACM to be removed. • Visual inspection of work area; additional lighting may be required • Put in place all necessary equipment for removal • • Hand tools required for task, water spray, wet wipes, asbestos waste bags, plastic sheet and duct tape Complete all tasks up to the actual flue removal © MPMSAA 2004 45 Procedure for flue removal Removal of ACM • Place bagged ACM into second bag; remove respiratory protection dispose of or decontaminate • Tape and goose neck second bag to seal • Double bagged ACM is transported to asbestos waste skip as soon as is practicable. To meet EPA requirements the amount of ACM and the source need to be logged on asbestos risk assessment. At the end of the job there must be no visible debris left in the area and no airborne dust generated while carrying out the task. © MPMSAA 2004 46 Procedure for flue removal Removal of ACM • Remove all visible ACM debris and place in asbestos waste bags, bags should only be 2/3 filled • Wet wipe areas which have been in contact with ACM • Final visual inspection to ensure no visible ACM debris is present at removal site • Decontaminate tools and boots and place wet rags in waste bag • Remove coveralls and gloves and place in waste bag • Seal bag by taping and goose necking © MPMSAA 2004 47 Procedure for flue removal Removal of ACM • Place bagged ACM into second bag; remove respiratory protection dispose of or decontaminate • Tape and goose neck second bag to seal • Double bagged ACM is transported to asbestos waste skip as soon as is practicable. To meet EPA requirements the amount of ACM and the source need to be logged on asbestos risk assessment. At the end of the job there must be no visible debris left in the area and no visible airborne dust generated while carrying out the task. © MPMSAA 2004 48 Procedure for creating a hole in ACM Options to consider: • Remove if practicable and replace ACM sheet that requires hole with asbestos free sheet • Create hole from above using hand tools • Create hole from above using hand drill • Create hole from below using hand tools • A powered drill can only be used if airborne dust levels are controlled to ensure a person is not likely to exceed 0.05 f/ml during the task, using an enclosure or engineering controls as required under Reg 305 © MPMSAA 2004 49 Procedure for creating a hole in ACM Preparation for creating hole: • Notify anyone in the immediate and adjacent area • Restrict access to the work area to those involved in the work • Gain access to ACM requiring hole. The work may be carried out at height • Put in place all necessary equipment for drilling – Drill- hand or brace/drill bit or hole saw – Sealant/Plastic or metal sleeve if required – Appropriate hand tools for the task – Labeled asbestos waste bags/200m plastic – Gaffer or duct tape – Hand water spray & wet wipes © MPMSAA 2004 50 Procedure for creating a hole in ACM Preparation for creating hole: • Visual inspection of work area • Additional lighting may be required • Tape plastic or bag under location of hole to collect all debris • If working in an elevated location restrict access to area below • If not able to access rear of work location contamination of this location needs to be identified on the site record of results if it is a workplace, or if domestic the owner informed and documented © MPMSAA 2004 51 Procedure for creating a hole in ACM Creating hole in ACM • Put on personal protective equipment (PPE), disposable coveralls, gloves and P2 respiratory protection • Dampen area of hole with hand spray • Hand drill pilot hole and “nibble” hole to required size with pliers or use auger bit or hole saw in brace; dampen as required • Use wet rags to clean all visible debris from hole and edge of hole • All rags used for cleanup must be disposed of as asbestos waste © MPMSAA 2004 52 Procedure for creating a hole in ACM Creating hole in ACM • Remove bag from under hole with care • Seal edges of hole and insert sleeve to enclose if required • Wet wipe hole area on both sides • Final visual inspection to ensure no visible ACM debris or dust • Decontaminate tools and boots and place wet rags in waste bag • Remove coveralls and gloves and place in waste bag © MPMSAA 2004 53 Procedure for creating a hole in ACM Creating hole in ACM • Seal bag by taping and goose necking • Dispose of as asbestos waste • Place bagged ACM into second bag; remove respiratory protection and place in second bag, tape and goose neck to seal • Double bagged ACM is transported to asbestos waste skip as soon as is practicable At the end of the job there must be no visible debris left in the area and no airborne dust generated while carrying out the task. © MPMSAA 2004 54 Working with Asbestos containing Material Asbestos containing material (ACM) in good condition sealed or enclosed in a position where it is not disturbed or easily damaged is not a health risk. – It has the potential to be a health risk – If disturbed or damaged. “It is like a sleeping dragon if you disturb it; it can hurt you.” © MPMSAA 2004 55 Thank You for your attendance • You have taken the first step • The second step is to determine your future business direction CONSIDER • • • • • continue to work as you are carry out work following the requirements of the Regulations obtain a Class B asbestos removal licence (VWA fee $340) sub contract to a licenced removalist (list VWA web site) do not carry out work involving asbestos containing material © MPMSAA 2004 56 Program Evaluation • Please complete the program evaluation sheet located on your seat. • Your feedback is greatly appreciated for: • improvement of these workshops and • reporting to WorkSafe Victoria • Once completed please place in tray at entrance NOTE: Please indicate and provide contact details if you want a copy of the CD sent. © MPMSAA 2004 57 Contacts • WorkSafe Victoria www.workcover.vic.gov.au 1800 136 089 • Asbestos Information & Support Service (AISS) www.asbestosinformationsupportservice.com (03) 9654 9555 • Master Plumbers and Mechanical Services Association of Australia (MPMSAA) (03) 9329 9622 www.asbestos.plumbing.com.au (Operational from 1 September 2004) • Victorian Waste Management Association (VWMA) www.vta.com.au (03) 9646 8590 • Environment Protection authority (EPA) www.epa.vic.gov.au (03) 9695 2722 • Department of Human Services (Environmental Health Unit) www.dhs.vic.gov.au/phd/environmental/ (03) 9637 4156 © MPMSAA 2004 58