INTRODUCTION
& GREETING
PERSONAL
FRIENDSHIP
EMPHASIS ON
INFORMALITY
AMERICAN
SOCIAL
RELATION
ELEMENTS OF
COMMUNICATION

TO PROVIDE
OPPORTUNITY
TO KNOW
OTHER
PEOPLE
GOAL
INTRODUCTION
& GREETING
FORMAL
OFFICIAL, OR
STATUS/AGE
IS DIFFERENT;
TITLE/ LAST NAME
IS EXPECTED;
LONG & COMPLETE
LANGUAGE;
HANDSHAKING
IS EXPECTED
RANGE OF
INTRODUCTION
GOOD MANNER
RULES
MAN IS INTRODUCED TO WOMAN, YOUNGER TO
THE OLDER, GUEST TO HOST, A PERSON TO GROUP;
MAINTAIN NATURAL EYE CONTACT;
FIRM & BRIEF HANDSHAKING, WOMAN EXTENDS HAND;
SMALL TALK IS VERY NECESSARY
INFORMAL
DAILY OR CASUAL;
TITLE/ LAST NAME
IS IGNORED;
BRIEF & REDUCED
LANGUAGE;
HANDSHAKING IS
OPTIONAL

EMPHASIS
ON
INFORMALITY
OBSCURITY OF
SOCIAL
DISTINCTION
APPRECIATION
ON PERSONAL
ACHIEVEMENT
& SPORTMANSHIP
COURTESY TO
WOMAN DESPITE
THE ADMISSION
OF WOMAN-MAN
EQUALITY


EQUALITY FOR ALL
CLASSLESS SOCIETY




TEND TO BE MODEST
READY TO ADMIT
WEAKNESS
DISLIKE TO SHOW OFF
DISLIKE TO BE
CONSIDERED INFERIOR


LADIES FIRST
APPEARING GENTLEMAN
BY PROTECTING AND
SERVING WOMEN

VERBAL
AUTOMATIC
EXPRESSION
APPROPRIATE
COMPLIMENTS
RULES & STYLES:
• DIRECTNESS
•
INVITATIONS
• TAKING-TURNS
COMMUNI-
CATION
NON-VERBAL
FORMS
TRANSMIT 93% OF
ATTITUDINAL/FEELING
COMMUNICATION
GESTURE
EYE CONTACT
FACIAL
EXPRESSION
CLOTHING &
ACCESSORIES
SPATIAL NORMS

RULES & STYLES OFSPEAKING
 DIRECTNESS= Compared to other languages,
American English strongly emphasizes directness in verbal interaction, as shown in: "Don't beat around the bush," "Let's get down to business" and "Get to the point". Such expressions indicate impatience with avoiding issues. However, there are limits to the degree of directness a person is allowed to express, especially with people of higher status such as employers and teachers. A student should not say
"What has happened to you? You look like you gained a lot of weight!" to his teacher. She might reply, 'That's none of your business!"
 Different from the hosts in most Eastern countries who are expected to offer food several times, but in the US theymay make an offer only once or twice.

RULES & STYLES OFSPEAKING
 Invitations = a genuine invitation is extended which is indicated by a definite plan, a specific time and place.
Sue: It was nice talking to you.
Pat: OK, may be we can meet sometime soon.
Sue: Yeah, love to. Why don’t you drop by my house sometime?
Pat: Great. Gotta go. See ya soon.
Jane: Before you leave for your vacation can we get together and have lunch?
Theo: Sure, I'd love to,
Jane: How about Friday? Say about 12:30 at my place?
Theo: That sounds good. See you then.

RULES & STYLES OFSPEAKING
 SPEAKING & REFRAINING: Many Americans interpret silence in a conversation to mean disapproval, disagreement, or unsuccessful communication. They often try to fill silence by saying something even if they have nothing to say!
On the other hand, they don't appreciate a person who dominates a conversation. It’s better to wait until someone has finished a sentence before we contribute to a discussion. Interrupting someone who is speaking is considered rude in the U.S. Even children are taught explicitly not to interrupt.



Tipping (as gratuity)=giving a small amount of money to another person for a service.
These are the most often tipped services:
SERVICES waiter/waitress porters barbers/hairdressers taxi drivers room service at a hotel food delivery persons
TIP AMOUNT
15% of food bill
$1 - $2 per bag
15% of bill
10% - 15% of fare, no more than
$1
50 cents - $1 no less than $1

 DON’T TIP police officers, physicians, government employees or University employees. It may be interpreted as a bribe, which is illegal.
 DON’T TIP bus drivers, theatre ushers, museum guides, salespeople, employees at fast food restaurants or hotel clerks




Gifts are commonly given to relatives and close friends.
Gifts are sometimes given to people with whom one has a casual but friendly relationship, such as a host or hostess.
A gift is not necessary or even common to be given to teachers or others who hold official positions. The offering of gifts in these situations is sometimes interpreted as a possibly improper effort to gain favorable treatment from that person.

NONVERBAL
MESSAGES
CLASSIFICATION OF NONVERBAL MESSAGES
EMBLEM
VISUAL
KINESIK
PROXEMIC
ARTIFACTUAL
FACIAL
GESTURAL
POSTURAL
ILUSTRATOR
AFFECT
DISPLAYS
REGULATOR
ADAPTORS
AUDITIVE
NONVISUAL
NONAUDITIF
PARALINGUISTIC
TACTILE
(TOUCH)
OLFACTORY
(SMELL)