Sudan
BRIDGE
Training of Trainers for
Community Mobilization
& Empowerment
APPRECIATIVE
PLANNING and
ACTION
A Framework for
Community & CDC
Training
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6-DAY PROGRAM
DAY ONE
© Malcolm J. Odell, Jr.
“Dance and Drum”
Drumming
Circle !!!
Where are the
drums?
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….a song…
….a dance…
Sharing & celebrating..
Empowering
Community
Mobilization !!
© Malcolm J. Odell, Jr.
Appreciative Planning & Action for
Community Mobilization & Empowerment
A 6-Day Workshop Agenda
Day 1
Day 2
Day 3
Day 4
Day 5
Day 6
INTRODUCTION
APA for Community Mobilization and Community Consultations
» Problem to Opportunity - “Solving any ‘problem’ in 2 hours
DISCOVERY -- The Best -- Role Play for Empowering Community Mobilization
DREAM – Role Play for Empowering Community Mobilization
DESIGN -- Role Play for Empowering Community Mobilization
DELIVERY of Action Plans For Empowering Community Mobilization
Field Visits -- Conducting “Short Sweet” APA Community Mobilization Meetings
DEBRIEFING & DISCOVERY of ‘the best’ from Field Visits
DREAM – for Empowering Communities to create their own community programs
DESIGN -- An APA Strategy for Community Mobilization
DELIVERY -- of Action Plans for Community Mobilization
Field Visits -- Conducting “Short Sweet” APA Community Mobilization Meetings
DEBRIEFING & DISCOVERY of ‘the best’ from Field Visits
DREAMS FOR COMMUNITY MOBILIZATION for CDC Development
DESIGNS FOR COMMUNITY MOBILIZATION for CDC development
DELIVERY of ACTION PLANS - “DO IT NOW !”
» Community Mobilization Action Plans
» Presentation of APA action plans as applied to CDCs
Field Visits -- Conducting “Short Sweet” APA Community Mobilization Meetings
DEBRIEFING & DISCOVERY of ‘the best’ from Field Visits
DANCE and DRUM” - Celebration & Closing
© Malcolm J. Odell, Jr.
APA Community Mobilization ToT
Workshop Objectives
Participants will:
• Understand the basic principles underlying
Appreciative Planning and Action as a tool for
Community Mobilization and Community Planning
for the BRIDGE program
• Learn and practice the Appreciative Planning and
Action approach to Community Consultations and
the empowerment of Local Communities and
Community Development Committees
• Develop action plans for creating empowered,
self-reliant communities in Sudan that can turn
major hurdles into opportunities for ‘even better’
© Malcolm J. Odell, Jr.
Indicators of Learning
Achievement
Community Mobilizers will:
• Practice and demonstrate an appreciative,
empowering approach to consulting with
stakeholders and empowering communities to take
charge of their own development
• Derive a vision for what empowered, self-reliant
communities can do to find new opportunities in
local government and BRIDGE programs
• Help a community to assess achievements and
develop their own Community Action Plans
© Malcolm J. Odell, Jr.
Participant Expectations & Dreams
----------
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© Malcolm J. Odell, Jr.
“House Rules”
•-•-•--
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•-•--
© Malcolm J. Odell, Jr.
Day 1
AGENDA
APA to Solve Major ‘Problems’ and to Facilitate Empowering Community
Mobilization
1. DISCOVERY
–
Appreciative Interviews & Introductions
–
Appreciative Planning & Action
•
“Problem to Opportunity”
•
“Worst Problem Ever”
–
The best of Community Mobilization in Sudan
2. DREAM – for Empowering Community Mobilization in Sudan
DESIGN -- Strategy for Empowering Community Mobilization
DELIVERY of Action Plans for Empowering Community Mobilization
DELIVERY of Empowering Community Mobilization
“A-Valuation” for Day 1
© Malcolm J. Odell, Jr.
A Brief Overview of Appreciative Planning & Action
APA Introductions
•
Appreciative Pair-wise Interviews
–
–
–
Pair up with the someone you know least well in the room
Interview each other (5 min. each)
Question:
Tell me a story about a time when you felt you made a real
difference, a real contribution
–
–
–
•
A time when you felt proud, excited about something you have
done yourself
A time when you contributed to real teamwork to solve a
problem
Anytime in your your life, your family, your community, or your
work in community mobilization and development
Introduce your partners to the group
•
1 minute short, sweet introduction -•
“What inspired you about his/her story”
© Malcolm J. Odell, Jr.
Appreciative Planning & Action (APA)
Discussion & Dialogue:
The Root Causes of Success
Discussion:
•What did we learn from our interviews?
• What factors led to empowerment, teamwork,
excitement, success?
------(“All the knowledge we need is in the room….”)
© Malcolm J. Odell, Jr.
Appreciative Planning & Action
From 4 Ds to 7 Ds:
Discover
Dream
Design
Deliver
Do it now!
Discuss
The best, success, what works
Of even better, what we want more of
A strategy, general plan to get there
An action plan & commitments
Take the first step, now!
“A-Valuation” – positive evaluation &
feedback
Dance & drum! Celebrate success
© Malcolm J. Odell, Jr.
Appreciative Planning & Action
“Problem to Opportunity”
• An exercise in the appreciative approach to
problem solving
– Problems are either:
• Things that discourage us and drag us down… or
• Opportunities for achieving great things…
–It’s our choice….!
– Now, choose the worst problem you can think of !!
• Let’s see if we can turn it into an opportunity in just an hour or
two !!
© Malcolm J. Odell, Jr.
“The Worst Problem….”
Brainstorming
---------
------“The Worst of the Worst”
--
© Malcolm J. Odell, Jr.
Problem to Opportunity
The ‘positive opposite’ of the ‘worst problem’
Examples:
Problem
• War
• Death, destruction
• Conflict, violence
• HIV/AIDS
• Back-biting
Opportunities
• Peace
• Life, creation
• Harmony, caring
• Healthy, safe-sex
• Teamwork
Our “worst”
Problem:
© Malcolm J. Odell, Jr.
Problem
Tree
© Malcolm J. Odell, Jr.
Problem to Opportunity
The ‘positive opposite’ of the ‘worst problem’
Our “worst”
Problem:
Positive
Opposite:
This is our Affirmative, Positive Topic
© Malcolm J. Odell, Jr.
Step 1:
Discovery
of the best, of success, of what works
Exercise -- Small Group Brainstorming:
(Pairs form Teams of 4-6)
• The Search for ‘the best,’ ‘what works,’
successes concerning our affirmative topic
• Choose a name for your Team
• Choose a motto
– Share your own personal positive stories,
experiences that illustrate personal experiences
related to affirmative topic
– 7 min.
» “All the knowledge we need is in this room….”
© Malcolm J. Odell, Jr.
Step 2:
Dream
of even better, what we want more of…
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• Share your personal
dreams of life, your
community, a world full
of the best, of what you
want more of related to
our affirmative topic
• Draw a picture together
of the year 2020, of what
this looks like for your
children, your
grandchildren – of a
world full of the best
“All the knowledge we need is in this room….”
© Malcolm J. Odell, Jr.
Step 3:
Design
a plan, strategy for achieving the Dream
• Outline the main
elements of a
strategy, approach, a
general plan for
achieving the
Dream—what you
can do this year to
begin
• Summarize these on
your picture in 2-3
bullet points
“All the knowledge….”
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© Malcolm J. Odell, Jr.
Step 4:
Delivery
Action Plan to Get Started
• Group
– Write a short action plan – tasks for the coming
week to get started on implementing, Delivering
your Design for achieving your Dream
• Each Person
– Take one simple task from the action plan that
you want to work on personally
– Write your own personal commitment on your
group plan
“All the knowledge we need is in this room….”
© Malcolm J. Odell, Jr.
Step 5:“Do
It Now!”
Participants
• Choose one thing
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from your tasks, one
small thing you can do
right now to get
started… a small first
step
• Do it now !
“All the knowledge we need is in this room….”
© Malcolm J. Odell, Jr.
Step 6:
Sharing Dreams and
Designs
• Each team makes a
one-minute
presentation
summarizing your
team’s
–
–
–
–
Dream
Design
Delivery
Do it now!
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• Each person stands
and shares his/her
– Personal
Commitment
© Malcolm J. Odell, Jr.
Success
Tree
© Malcolm J. Odell, Jr.
What Happened?
Discussion:
•
•
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Only about an hour ago
participants felt the problem
was ‘hopeless’
Now they are engaged in action,
addressing the opportunity, and
feel encouraged.
>>Did the world change?
•
•
•
•
•
•
What changed?
-----© Malcolm J. Odell, Jr.
“Words Make Worlds”
• What changed?
– Our words – positive, future-oriented
– Our language – affirmative, appreciative
– Our questions
• Instead of asking about the problem, we asked
about the solution
• This is the power of Appreciative Planning and
Action
–
–
–
–
Short
Simple
Positive
Action-oriented approach to Appreciative Inquiry
© Malcolm J. Odell, Jr.
APA and Community Mobilization in
Sudan
• How can we apply the principles of
APA to Community Mobilization ?
-----
© Malcolm J. Odell, Jr.
The “Parking Lot” - (for future sessions)
•
•
•
•
•
•
Ideas…
Thoughts…
Questions…
Stories…
Inspirations…
Suggestions…
....to share?
© Malcolm J. Odell, Jr.
“LUNCH BREAK”
“ ENJOY ! ”
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© Malcolm J. Odell, Jr.
“Energizer”
• Exercise
suggested and led
by participants
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© Malcolm J. Odell, Jr.
Appreciative Planning and Action
(APA) Framework:
1
2
Goal - Seeking the Root Causes of Success
Laws
–
–
3
Principles
–
–
–
4
What you seek is what you find
Where you think you’re going is where you end up
If you look for problems, you find – and create – more
problems
If you look for success, you find – and create – more
successes
If you believe in your dreams, you create miracles
‘Ds’ ➔ 7 ‘Ds’
© Malcolm J. Odell, Jr.
Appreciative Inquiry
The Basic “4 Ds”
Discover
The best, success, what works
Dream
Even better, what we want more of
Design
Strategy, general plan to get there
Deliver
Action plans
© Malcolm J. Odell, Jr.
Appreciative Planning & Action
From 4 Ds to 7 Ds:
Discover
Dream
Design
Deliver
Do it now!
Discuss
The best, success, what works
Of even better, what we want more of
A strategy, general plan to get there
An action plan & commitments
Take the first step, now!
“A-Valuation” – positive evaluation &
feedback
Dance & drum! Celebrate success
© Malcolm J. Odell, Jr.
Adapting AI for Community Mobilization:
Appreciative Planning and Action (APA)
Purpose
To empower communities and individuals:
• To take pride in what and who we are and
what we have achieved
• To dream of what might be
• To plan for what will be, and
• To feel the energy that comes from making
commitments and taking the first step
To be simple enough that anyone can do it,
profound enough to change people’s lives
© Malcolm J. Odell, Jr.
The ‘Essence’ of APA
Asking Empowering Questions
Finding the answers in the community
The Three Basic ‘All-Purpose’ Questions of APA:
• “What’s the best?
• What is most successful, empowering?”
• “What’s “even better” look like?”
• What are our dreams for our children, grandchildren?
• “How do we get there together?”
• What can we do now to get started?
© Malcolm J. Odell, Jr.
“Time out for the Cinema!”
a “KISSS” Video
“Appreciative Planning &
Action”
• The first APA community
meetings in Nepal
• From Discovery to ‘Do it Now’
•
Overview of the APA process
•
(The 7-Ds in 5 minutes!)
• Short
• Sweet
• Simple
•
This is what you will do tomorrow…
– Only you’ll have 2 full hours to do it!
© Malcolm J. Odell, Jr.
Role Playing an APA meeting with
Local Communities
• Role Play interviews
with members of local
Community by
Winrock participants
• Purposes:
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– Practice APA meeting
process for use with
communities
– Learn how to mobilize
local communities
– Review what you have
learned
© Malcolm J. Odell, Jr.
Role Playing an APA meeting with
Local Communities
“Fishbowl” demonstration of
an initial APA meeting with
a Community or Village
Two groups take turns in
“Fishbowl:”
• Community group
– 3-5 participants
• Winrock Community
Mobilizers’ team -- using
different APA assessment
methods with the community
group
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– 2 participants
• Take turns practicing the
following methods
© Malcolm J. Odell, Jr.
Role Playing an APA meeting with
Local Communities
Step One:
Initial Assessment –
‘Discovery’
“The ‘Super-D’”
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Winrock team –
Searching for success
Seeking “The Best!”
“All the knowledge we need is in this village”
The never-ending search for the best, what works, successes, moments of joy,
empowerment, when we felt specially proud of ourselves and our community
© Malcolm J. Odell, Jr.
Role Playing an APA meeting with
Local Communities
Discovery
Choosing a good, basic ‘Discovery’ Question
Frame the Discovery question for community members to
share stories to discover their strengths, successes:
-- Brainstorm questions
-- Choose most powerful question
-- Practice asking questions to each other
Possible questions:
• “When have I felt empowered, successful, excited about
something I have personally achieved on my own?” or
• “Tell the story of a time in our village when we felt
excited, empowered, proud of what we had done
together? or
• Tell us about your Community’s greatest successes;
times when you felt you were working at your best;
happy, joyful, about something you accomplished
together
© Malcolm J. Odell, Jr.
Step 1:
Discovery
of the best, of success, of what works
Some Different ‘DISCOVERY’ Methods
• Success Stories
• Success Pictures
• Success Maps
• Asset Inventory - strengths, skills, knowledge
“All the knowledge we need is in this village”
The never-ending search for the best, what works, successes, moments of joy, empowerment,
when we felt specially proud of ourselves and our community
© Malcolm J. Odell, Jr.
Step 1:
Discovery
of the best, of success, of what works
Some Different ‘DISCOVERY’ Methods
• Success Stories
– Around the Campfire - Sharing my own stories
• Best in smaller groups or when you have more time
• It is generally most powerful when people share their own
stories
– Pairwise Interviews - Sharing each others’ stories, and introducing
one another--with focus on what inspired you about his/her story
• Groups of 4-6, share within small groups
– With pair-wise interviews, sharing can be done within small
groups only, to save time
© Malcolm J. Odell, Jr.
Step 1:
Discovery
of the best, of success, of what works
Some Different ‘DISCOVERY’ Methods
• Success Pictures
– Sharing my personal picture and the story that it tells
• Give each participant a small sheet of paper (A4)
• Using your chosen ‘Discovery’ question, such as:
(“Draw a picture of a time when you felt you made a difference,
felt empowered, proud of something you did for yourselves”)
• Each one stands, introduces him/herself, and briefly describes
his/her picture and what it means
“All the knowledge we need is in this village”
The never-ending search for the best, what works, successes, moments of joy, empowerment,
when we felt specially proud of ourselves and our community
© Malcolm J. Odell, Jr.
Step 1:
Discovery
of the best, of success, of what works
Some Different ‘DISCOVERY’ Methods:
• Success Maps
– Creating our “Village Success Map”
• Drawing by whole group
– Assuming group is not very large
• Small groups share their “Success Maps”
with whole group
– When working with a large group
Use your Discovery Question… asking the
community to draw picture of all the things we
are proud of in our community that we have
done together.
© Malcolm J. Odell, Jr.
Example of a “Success Map”
© Malcolm J. Odell, Jr.
Discovering
“Root Causes of Success”
“Root Cause Analysis” -- Group Discussion
• Why APA?
• What made these experiences special,
extraordinary ?
• What can we apply to Community Mobilization?
----“All the knowledge we need is in this village….”
© Malcolm J. Odell, Jr.
Role Playing an APA meeting with
Local Communities
Step Two:
Vision for the Future –
“Dream”
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Winrock group – asks
Community the second basic
APA question:
2. What does “Even
Better” look like?
© Malcolm J. Odell, Jr.
Step 2:
Dream
of even better, what we want more of…
Frame the Dream question to create a
positive vision for their children,
grandchildren
-- Brainstorm questions
-- Choose most powerful question
-- Practice asking questions to each other
Possible questions, which can inspire Dream pictures:
• “Imagine it is 10 years from now. Our village is
everything we dreamed it could be. What would it look
like?” or
• “Draw a picture of life for our children (and
grandchildren) that is full of achievements that we have
dreamed for them”
• “Draw a picture of what our community will look like in
the year 2020, a community that we would dream of
having for our children and grandchildren.”
© Malcolm J. Odell, Jr.
Step 2:
Dream
of even better, what we want more of…
Different ways for
Collecting Dreams:
“Dream Pictures”
Individual pictures
Group pictures
“Future Maps”
Village ‘Success’ Maps
© Malcolm J. Odell, Jr.
Step 2:
Dream
of even better, what we want more of…
Qui ck Ti me ™ an d a
de co mp re ss or
a re ne ed ed to s ee th i s pi c tu re.
•
Ask your
chosen
‘Dream’
question
•
Community
members
draw a
picture
together
answering
the ‘Dream’
question
“Dream Picture” or “Success Map”
© Malcolm J. Odell, Jr.
Step 3: Design
a plan, strategy for achieving the Dream
for Empowering Community
Mobilization
“Dream Teams” – decide
• What you can do -this month, or this
year -- to begin to
move toward creating
your dreams for
empowering
community
mobilization
• How would you do
it?
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“All the knowledge we need is in this village….”
– Jot these ideas down
on your picture in 2-3 Keep this to just 5 minutes!
© Malcolm J. Odell, Jr.
bullet points
Step 4:
Delivery
Action Plan to Get Started
Making Commitments:
“What will I do during the coming
week (month) as my part for
helping implement our plan?”
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(Or is there a better question?)
•
Each person takes one simple
task from the action plan that they
will work on personally
•
Each person writes their
commitment on their plan
“The power of commitments is contagious”
“All the knowledge we need is in this village”
© Malcolm J. Odell, Jr.
The Power of Personal
Commitment
• DON’T FORGET
THOSE PERSONAL
COMMITMENTS !!
“The Power of Personal
Commitment is
Contagious!”
– Those that may not
have had an
opportunity to state
their commitment
often feel they missed
something important
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“All the knowledge we need is in this village….””
© Malcolm J. Odell, Jr.
Step 5:“Do
It Now!”
Frame your “Do it Now!” question to encourage
villagers to find something they can do right
away to start implementing their plan
-- Brainstorm questions
-- Choose most powerful question
-- Practice asking questions to each
other
Possible questions
• “What can we do right now to get started?”
• “What is the ‘first step’ in our plan that we
could begin immediately?
• “How can we begin to implement our action
plan right away, right now in the next 10-15
minutes, before we end our meeting?”
• “What can we do together right now, before
the tea comes?”
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“All the knowledge we need
is in this village….”
© Malcolm J. Odell, Jr.
Design & Delivery
an Action Plan for achieving the Dream
for Empowering Community
Mobilization
Combining Steps 3 & 4 Teams –
decide
• What we can do -- this week,
this month -- to begin to
move toward creating our
dreams for empowering
community mobilization
• How will we do it?
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– Draw a picture of our action
plan
“All the knowledge we need is in this village….”
Keep this to just 5 minutes!
© Malcolm J. Odell, Jr.
Planning a Community Mobilization Meeting
Form Teams
Use a Simplified APA Process
Design 1-2 hr. meeting to help a community group
•
Discover
– Community’s strengths, achievements, successes,
proudest moments
– Discover their most successful, best organized
community project - How was it organized
•
Dream
– Their vision of a positive future for their
community
– Their vision for a successful CDC & WAC
– Their vision for measuring and sharing their
achievement
•
Design &
•
Delivery
– Plans and commitments to begin
• What they plan to do to realize their vision for
the future
• Plans for forming, strengthening CDCs &
WSCs; for measuring and sharing successes
•
“Do it Now!”
– What they can do right now to get started
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“All the knowledge we need
is in this village….”
Each team prepares a 5-minute presentation with Role Play, Drama, Song,
and/or Dance demonstrating their mission and process
© Malcolm J. Odell, Jr.
Planning Tomorrow’s APA Meeting
“Do It Now!”
Participants
• Teams of 2
• Prepare a 1-2 hour APA
Meeting to conduct with a
village group Monday
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• Do it now !
– Yes, that’s right, go ahead
and do it, right now!
“All the knowledge we need
is in this village….”
© Malcolm J. Odell, Jr.
Sharing Dreams and Designs
• Now your “Dream Team”
makes a two-minute
presentation summarizing
the Team’s plan for
empowering community
mobilization tomorrow-Your Team’s
–
–
–
–
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Dream
Design
Delivery
“Do it Now!”
• Each person stand, give
your name, and share your
own
– Personal Commitment
for tomorrow
“All the knowledge we need is in this village….”
© Malcolm J. Odell, Jr.
“Dance and Drum”
Presentation &
Celebration !!!
Get out the drums!!
Who has….
….a song…?
….a dance…?
….a poem…?
….a reading…?
….a mime or skit…?
Sharing & celebrating..
Empowered
Community
Consensus-building
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© Malcolm J. Odell, Jr.
Day One
Review of Agenda
APA to Solve Major ‘Problems’ and to Facilitate Empowering
Community Mobilization
1. DISCOVERY
–
Appreciative Interviews & Introductions
–
Appreciative Planning & Action
•
“Problem to Opportunity”
•
“Worst Problem Ever”
–
The best of Community Mobilization in Sudan
2. DREAM – for Empowering Community Mobilization in Sudan
DESIGN -- Strategy for Empowering Community Mobilization
DELIVERY of Action Plans for Empowering Community Mobilization
DELIVERY of Empowering Community Mobilization
“A-Valuation” for Day 1
“All the knowledge we need is in this village….”
© Malcolm J. Odell, Jr.
“A-Valuation”
• “The Best”
and “Even
Better”
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• APA for
Evaluation
© Malcolm J. Odell, Jr.
APA for Evaluation
The Three Simple
Questions of
“A-Valuation”
•
What’s “The Best?”
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•
What does “Even
Better” look like?
•
How are we going
to get there?
© Malcolm J. Odell, Jr.
Day One - ‘A-Valuation’
‘Even Better’
‘The Best’
Your favorite moments today,
what you enjoyed most, what
was most valuable
----------
---------
Who will do it?
“Do it Now”
What to do
tomorrow?
If we were running a
training together like
this, how could we make
it ‘even better’
“Daily News”
“Energizers”
“More music”
--
----© Malcolm J. Odell, Jr.
Are we having fun yet?
• “The Morning News”
• More musical
instruments?
• Energizers &
Activities/role plays for
Day 2
• “Thanks!”
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The “Do it Now!” Appreciative Tool Kit
© Malcolm J. Odell, Jr.
Training of Trainers for
Community Mobilization in
Sudan
An APPRECIATIVE
PLANNING and ACTION
Framework
DAY TWO
FIELD EXERCISES
with Local Communities
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Winrock BRIDGE Program
© Malcolm J. Odell, Jr.
© Malcolm J. Odell, Jr.
Quotable Quotes…
“All the knowledge we
need is in this room”
“Whoever is here are the
right people”
“Use your own best
judgment at all times”
“Perfection is the enemy
of getting the job done”
KISSS-”Keep it short,
sweet, simple”
“Do it Now!”
“The helping hand strikes again”
“Don’t punish those who come on
time”
“Find, create: Joy In Work!”
“Work shrinks to fit the time
available”
“Don’t get it right, get it written”
“Simple is not easy”
© Malcolm J. Odell, Jr.