EMRS Spring 2013 - Europe in Motion - 31st May
Storage and valorisation of renewable
energy by hydrogenation of captured CO2
for energy and chemical markets
Laurent Bedel : Liten – DTBH
/
Strasbourg 31st May 2013
laurent.bedel@cea.fr
Content
- Context (CO2 & RE)
- CEOPS Project (FP7-NMP)
- Conclusion
- Questions
CO2 context
Kyoto protocol was signed in 1997
and entered into force in 2005
Despite CO2 emissions have continued
to increase mainly due to
new economic power like China and
India
Trends in global CO2 emissions / 2012 report / PBL NEAA - EC
≈ 35 GT CO2 emission in 2012 : ≈ 25% => Ocean & land
≈ 50 % => Atmosphere (GHG effect and climate change)
CO2 content in atmosphere :
+/- 400 ppm : this threshold has been achieved for few days or will be achieved soon.
CO2 context
A binding environmental context :
 CO2 ought to be captured for large emitters in the future (reduction of CO2 emissions)
 An objective of sequestration (& valorisation?) in 2050 (more than 4GT per year1..?).
CO2 Capture (large emitter)
CO2 Sequestration
CO2 Capture
CO2 Valorisation
Energy : CH4 , Fuels,
Methanol : energy and chemistry
Chemistry : commodity & fine chemicals
CO2 sequestration & valorisation : two complementary approaches
1 : Global Technology Roadmap for CCS in Industry
United nations Industrial Development Organization
Renewable energy context
Electricity generation from RES (excluding hydro) in EU
Objective of Renewable Energy development in Europe:
- At least 20% of its energy will have to come from
renewable sources in 2020
RE progress & biofuel sustainability (2013 report)
- Fluctuation of renewable energy production (wind & solar) at different time scale (day, week, month, season …)
- Fluctuation of energy consumption (day, week, month…)
But at any time :
Inadequation « RE production »
and consumption (ex DK)
Electric production = Electric consumption
=> Electricity storage for
short & long periods
Renewable energy context
CEA - Integrated approach
at system level
Renewable Energy
Power to gas
liquid…
Several markets
Natural gas network
Surplus
(HTE) Water
evaporation
H2
CO2 Capture
CO2 desorbed
(Amine solvent)
Exothermicity
CO2 hydrogenation
CO2
Catalytic reaction
Domestic uses
Fuels
Transportation
Carbon
vector
Chemical market
Surplus RE (electrolysis => H2) + CO2 of capture => methane, methanol,…, it is :
- less fossil fuel consumption; high storage capacity; less GHG emissions
To be competitive in term of economy : integrated approach (energy) & business model
Societal acceptance
Existing infrastructure
Water / steam
electrolysis
CEOPS Project (FP7-NMP)
CO2 - loop for Energy storage and conversion to
Organic chemistry Processes through advanced
catalytic Systems
Feb 2013 – Jan 2016
NMP3-SL-2012-309984
Funded by
the European Union
CEOPS project : specific context
Cement industry standpoint :
CO2 emissions from cement industry represent 1.5-2 Gt/year which is about 5% of anthropogenic global CO2 emissions.
The global average CO2 emissions were 0,723 tCO2 per ton of cement in 2010
=> 2/3 from decomposition of limestone CaCO3 in lime CaO
=> 1/3 from combustion of coal or heavy oils or natural gas : bring energy to the process
United Nations Industrial development Organization
 predicts for the cement industry that 1.1 Gt of CO2 should be reduced (Capture nearly 50%) from the expected 2.5-3Gt
of CO2 by 2050.
 Impact on cost of cement (40 – 80 € per ton of CO2 captured) => valorisation
Fine chemicals standpoint :
Methanol is an important and versatile building block for chemistry and also for energy
=> 60 Mt/year by 2015
 Acetic acid, formaldehyde, olefins, ephedrine, caffeine …. but also for energy
 Demand for high-value products such as low carbon footprint methanol.
 High environmental added value chemical precursor for the fine chemicals industry with the ambition to create
new market opportunities.
CEOPS : To reinforce the link (create a bridge) between large CO2 emitters and fine chemical industries at the
European level via an extended and existing European infrastructure of an intermediate carbon vector : CH 4
CEOPS Project concept
Project concept : Based on two chemical pathways
CO2 to CH4 at the point of CO2 emissions
(cement work)
Methane will act as an easy transportable
carbon vector (from intermittent source)
Conversion of methane to methanol at the
point of fine chemicals production.
In two stages (industrial) : steam reforming
of CH4 + CO hydrogenation (Steam reforming
represents 60-70% of present methanol cost
production).
 Large stake on the direct conversion
CH4 CH3OH
but high risk and big challenge (could
be competitive for 10-15% of efficiency)
Decentralisation of methanol production => small and flexible production units of methanol
Overall objectives
- Develop and evaluation of advanced catalysts for application in three promising electro-catalytic
processes :
- DBD (Dielectric Barrier Discharge) => plasma catalysis in fluidized bed (both pathways)
- Photo-activated catalysis (both pathways)
- Electro-catalytic reduction (CO2 to CH4)
-
Benchmark of performances of the studied “catalyst and process” schemes.
& Selection of the most efficient and durable scheme for each pathway
Base on conversion rate, selectivity and energy (electricity) consumption.
-
Realization of a prototype of sub systems A and B at a scale of m3.h-1 of methane in order to
demonstrate the proof of concept and to generate the required data for the techno-economic
assessment.
- The scalability of both schemes will be also studied with the support of the industrial partners and
industrial partners will lead the techno-economic and environmental assessments.
Consortium
The project is led by CEA-Institute of new energy and
nanomaterials.
CTG-Italcementi, GDF-Suez Energy Romania and Chemie-Cluster Bayern will bring respectively their expertise in CO2
emissions, CH4 injection and transportation and on methanol use for the fine chemical industry. They also contribute to the
techno-economic and environmental assessments of the CEOPS concept.
Instituto Superior Técnico, Fundacio Institut De Recerca De L'energia De Catalunya, OMNIDEA will develop advanced
catalysts.
University of Pierre & Marie Curie, CEA-Institute of new energy and nanomaterials, Fundacio Institut De Recerca De
L'energia De Catalunya, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa will develop electro-catalytic
processes.
European Materials Research Society and Chemie-Cluster Bayern will ensure the dissemination of the CEOPS concept and
results.
Impacts : Methanol market & Beyond
Methanol market
Methanol is an important fine chemical precursor for the chemical industry:
Formaldehyde (textile, coating industry and medicine),
MTBE (Metyl-tert-butyl-ether used as an additive in gasoline),
Acetic acid, ephedrine, caffeine… and various chemical compounds used as solvents.
CCB has identify closed their members an increasing demand low carbon footprint
(instead of methanol which is produced today mainly from fossil CH4)
Impact of CEOPS far beyond the objectives of CEOPS
-
Development of RE at the European level, the
electricity storage is becoming a major issue for
the next decade
-
CO2 conversion into “renewable” CH4 will ease
the storage of renewable energy generated
during low production peaks of combined Wind
and PV electricity generation
-
Allow simultaneous electrical storage avoiding
or reducing CO2 emissions as a consequence
The achievement of CEOPS objectives will impact firstly the chemical market
but also in a second time the energy market (storage of renewable energies)
Impacts : Dissemination
- Important activity linked to the topic of the call and the CO2 context
Dissemination toward Europe and public
-
Classical dissemination : publications, conferences, Newsletters, public website…
-
3 Workshops (with CCB members)
-
2 CEOPS workshops (EMRS)
-
2 Summer schools (EMRS)
Conclusion
- CO2 and renewable energy contexts
- Power to gas & power to liquid concepts
- Energy storage and transportation
- CO2 hydrogenation => several markets (from energy to chemistry)
- CEOPS (FP7-NMP) project
- Feb 2013 - Jan 2016
- Dissemination
- Policy at the European level
Thank you for your attention !!
Any questions?