Plant Science
Objective 13.01: Describe the three applied plant science
A.
Biology: the branch of ___science_______________ that deals with___plants___________ and
___animals_______________, as well as life processes.
1.
Zoology: The part of ___biology__________ that deals with ____aniamls_______.
2.
Botany: The part of ____biology___ that deals with ____plants_______________.
B.
Applied Sciences: based on the ____purpose_____________ for which plants are grown.
1.
Agronomy: the science and ______practice____________ of growing field
__crops_______ such as cotton, wheat, tobacco, corn, and soybeans.
2.
Forestry: the science and practice of __growing________________, managing and harvesting __trees________ for building materials and other products.
3.
Horticulture: the science and practice of growing, processing, and
__marketing____________ fruits and vegetables, and
____ornamental______________ plants.
Biological Terms
Objective 13.02: Define biological terms used to describe plants.
A.
Life Cycles:
1.
___Annual_______________: A plant that completes its life cycle in one season.
2.
Biennial: A plant that completes its __2 years________________________________.
3.
Perennial: A plant that lives _______3 or more years_____________________.
B.
Leaf Retention:
1.
____Deciduous________________: Leaves are function al during the growing season
(spring & summer)
2.
Evergreen: ___Green color all year________________________________________.
C.
Moisture in Plants
1.
Turgid: Plant is __swollen________ or filled with _____water________________.
2.
Wilted: Plant is ____limp______ because it does not have enough ______water__________.

Plant Parts and Their Functions
Objective 14.01: Identify the major parts and distinguishing characteristics of horticultural plants
Objective 14.02: Describe the functions of the major parts of a plant and their relationships to each other.
Leaves
A.
Functions of a Leaf a.
___Photosynthesis______________ manufactures __glucose________ in green plants which is the beginning of the food chain for all ___living organisms________________. b.
__Photosynthesis_______________ is the process by which ___carbon dioxide_______ and water in the presence of light are converted to __glucose______________. c.
Chemical formula for photosynthesis is as follows:
(carbon dioxide) + (water)+ ___sunlight___ (sugar/__glucose___) + (oxygen)+ __H2O____
B.
Parts of a Leaf a.
External Leaf Parts i.
Petiole: Leaf ____stem_________ or part that _____connects_____ to stem. ii.
Blade: the large, flat ___surface____________ of the leaf. iii.
___Midrib_______________: the large center vein. iv.
Spine: ___secondary__________ veins in comparison to the midrib. v.
__veins___________: the structural net-like area of leaf. vi.
Margin: the ___edge_________ of the leaf. b.
Internal Leaf Parts i.
Upper and Lower Epidermis: skin of the leaf that ____prevents______ the loss of too much moisture. ii.
__Stoma______: small openings _under__________the leaf for
___Transpiration_____ (process) iii.
Guard Cells: open and close the ___stoma_______________. iv.
Cuticle: ___protective coating on either side of the upper and lower epidermis_____.
Stems:
A.
Functions of a Stem a.
____Translocation____: the movement of __H2O_________ and minerals from the roots up to the leaves and moves food from the __roots up to the leaves and down to the roots b.
Supports : ___branches_, ___leaves___, __flower___, _fruit/seeds_______________

B.
Parts of the Stem: a.
External Parts i.
Lenticels: ___breathing___________ pores. ii.
Bud scale scar: Shows where ______terminal_____________ bud has been. iii.
____Leaf scar____________: shows where leaves were attached. iv.
Terminal bud: bud on the __top__________ of the stem. v.
Lateral/Auxillary Bud: ___buds located on the side of the stem____________. b.
Internal Parts i.
Vascular Bundles contain __xylem__________ and ___phloem__________. ii.
Xylem: tissue that transports ___H2O______ and nutrients __UP____ from the
__roots_________ to the ___leaves__________. iii.
Phloem: Tissue that transports ____water__________ DOWN from
__leaves__________ to __roots__________. iv.
_Cambium________: the thin, green, actively growing tissue located between the bark and wood which produces new cells. v.
Bark: a dicot’s old, inactive _Phloem_________________. vi.
Heartwood: a dicot’s old, inactive _____Xylem_______________. vii.
The new active xylem is called: _____Sapwood________________. viii.
Grasses and corn are examples of (Monocots / Dicots)? ix.
Trees are examples of (Monocots / Dicots)? x.
There are 4 different ways to tell if a plant is a Monocot or Dicot.
What are those 4 things?
USE CHART IN YOUR NOTES FROM THIS WEEK!
Roots
A.
Types: a.
__Fibrous_____________: branches shallow roots, and are easier to transplant. b.
___Taproot____________: long roots with few branches and more difficult to transplant.
B.
External Parts of a Root: a.
Root Cap: ___growth of new cells____________________________________. b.
___Root hairs______________: increase surface area of absorption.
C.
Internal Parts of a Root: a.
Much like those of dicot stems with __phloem___, ____xylem_____________ and
___cambium__________________. b.
___Phloem_______________ is on the outer layer of the root and carries food
__down________ to the root. c.
____Xylem______________ is the inner layer and carries water and minerals
___UP_____ to the stem.

Flowers
A.
Flowers develop into _Fruit_____ and _____Seeds___________.
B.
Parts of a Flower: a.
__Sepals_______________: green leave that cover and protect flower buds before it opens. b.
Petals: are truly leaves that are modified to __attract insects______________(function). c.
Male anatomy of the flower is called the ____Stamen____________ i.
Filament is the ___part that hold up the anther________________________. ii.
_Anther_______________ is the sac-like structure that contains pollen, the male sex cells. d.
Female part of the flower is called the ___Pistil___________. i.
Ovules are ____seeds inside the ovary ___________________________. ii.
__Ovaries ________if fertilized becomes the seed or ___Fruit__________. iii.
_____Style______: holds up the stigma and connects to the ______ovary_____. iv.
Stigma: ____sticky part at the top of the pistil that receives the pollen grain__. e.
__Complete______________ flower has both male and female anatomy on one flower. f.
___incomplete_____________ flower has either male OR female on one flower. g.
__Monoecious______________: plants that either have male or female incomplete flowers on one plant. (example: hollies, aucuba) h.
__Dioecious______________: plants have male and female incomplete flowers on the same plant.
Plant Tissues
A.
Simple Tissues: ___one type of cell_____________________________ a.
Epidermal Tissue: ___one____ cell thick i.
__protects______________________ ii.
____Supports & prevents water loss____________________ iii.
Located: __in leaves_______________ b.
Schlerenchyma: thick walls contain ___fibers___________ to: i.
__strength______________________ ii.
__support______________________ iii.
Located: __palisade and spongy layers of the inner leaf._______________ c.
___Parnchyma_________________: flesh part of the plant that stores water and nutrients. i.
Stuffed with __plastids_________________. d.
Collenchyma: thick cells used for _support_______ and ___strength__________. i.
Found in ____growing areas___________. ii.
Petioles are reinforced with this.
B.
Complex: several types of ___cells_________, that work as a __unit_____________. a.
__xylem_______________

b.
__phloem_______________
C.
Origins/Functions: a.
Meristematic: Found in the ___tip_______ of the stem or roots. i.
This is where cell ___division_________ and ___enlargement____ occurs. b.
Vascular Cambium: ____increases__________ the growth in the
__diameter__________ of the stem. i.
In the cambium you will have xylem and phloem in ___rings_________ (shape)