2013-2016 The purpose is to inform and communicate State Definition of AIG Students, Article 9B (N.C.G.S. § 115C-150.5) Academically or intellectually gifted (AIG) students perform or show the potential to perform at substantially high levels of accomplishment when compared with others of their age, experiences or environment. State Definition of AIG Students, Article 9B (N.C.G.S. § 115C-150.5) Academically or intellectually gifted students exhibit high performance capability in intellectual areas, specific academic fields, or in both the intellectual areas and specific academic fields. State Definition of AIG Students, Article 9B (N.C.G.S. § 115C-150.5) Academically or intellectually gifted students require differentiated educational services beyond those ordinarily provided by the regular educational program. Outstanding abilities are present in students from all cultural groups, across all economic strata, and in all areas of human endeavor. ACADEMICALLY OR INTELLECTUALLY GIFTED CONTACT Sneha Shah-Coltrane, Director, Gifted Education and Advanced Programs http://www.ncpublicschools.or g/academicservices/gifted/ Dr. Lynn Warren – Director of Special Programs and Projects Karen Foushee-Cameron District AIG Lead Teacher 4th Grade: May Dell Floyd 5th Grade: Angela Spurlin (Language Arts) Brandon Morehouse (Math) ** AIG Committee : Representatives from each grade level, an administrator, ESL, psychologist or guidance, AIG lead contact. Revised Spring of 2013 AIG Advisory Council Surveys to students, parents, and educators Subcommittees: ◦ Parent Communication ◦ Review of the Lee County AIG Plan Reviewed by the Curriculum and Instruction Committee Board of Education adopted June 11, 2013 Begins with teachers observing students for gifted characteristics using the Teacher’s Observation of Potential in Students (TOPS) form Categories include: Learns Easily Show Advanced Skills Displays Curiosity & Creativity Has Strong Interests Shows Advanced Reasoning & Problem Solving Displays Spatial Abilities Shows Motivation Shows Social Perceptiveness Displays Leadership Primary Education Thinking Skills (PETS) Materials have been purchased for each grade level K-3. Begins with whole class activities to introduce the thinking skill. Then students are organized in flexible groups so that students may be nurtured in areas of strength as well as receive interventions in areas of need. Primary Education Thinking Skills (PETS) is a systematic enrichment thinking skills program for 1st and 2nd grade students. Its purpose is to help primary aged students develop higher level thinking skills. PETS follow the taxonomy of thinking skills outlined by Benjamin Bloom, presenting lessons in analysis, synthesis, and evaluation. Beginning of the school year Renzulli checklists given to teachers. Final decision EOG data CogAT test data Team meets to analyze data End of Third Quarter Grade averages and Renzulli checklists completed and team meets to analyze data. AIG Identification Criteria Measuring Tool Weighting Student Achievement EOG Score 95th -100th Percentile 88th-94th Percentile 80th-87 Percentile Points 25 20 15 25% Student Aptitude CogAT *Use the Age Score % 90th -99th Percentile 85th -89th Percentile 80th -84th Percentile 25 20 15 25% 93-100 85-92 80-84 25 15 5 25% 25 20 25% Student Performance Grades *Use third quarter averages Observable Student Behaviors Renzulli AIG 9 very high 128-172 Checklist of high 112-127 Displayed Characteristics Total 100% Range to qualify 70-100 points. 4th & 5th grade AIG cluster classes -Directly served in regular classrooms with formally identified students and grade level peers -Jacob’s Ladder materials created by The College of William & Mary -students will be taught Common Core in reading and math -students will be expected to work 1-2 years beyond grade level in the core areas of reading and mathematics Jacob's Ladder Reading Comprehension Program Intended as a supplement to the William & Mary language arts units, Jacob's Ladder targets reading comprehension skills in high ability learners. In the form of three skill ladders connected to individual readings in poetry, myths/fables, and nonfiction, students move from lower order, concrete thinking skills to higher order, critical thinking skills. For example, Ladder A moves students from Sequencing to Cause and Effect to Consequences and Implications. These materials are now available from gifted education publisher, Prufrock Press. Ladder A Ladder B Ladder C Sequencing Cause and Effect Consequences & Implications Details Classification Generalization Elements Inference Theme/Concept Describe how students are grouped4th and 5th Cluster-grouped by homeroom. 4th Grade: AIG/Enrichment students will switch to Mrs. Floyd’s class from 8:15-11:30 to be served in math, reading/language arts. 5th Grade: Mr. Morehouse and Mrs. Spurlin Block to provide enriched instruction for AIG and high ability students. Computer-Based Instruction/Telecommunications Computerbased instruction can be used both to enrich the curriculum and to remediate specific skill deficits. This is particularly appropriate for gifted students having specific skill gaps (e.g., gifted underachievers, learning disabled, culturally diverse, and credit accrual). Thematic Units Thematic units deal with information from various disciplines that is integrated under a broad based theme such as conflict, power, patterns, etc. Because it provides the opportunity to deal with content at a highly abstract level of sophistication, it is an appropriate way to modify curriculum for gifted students. Curriculum Compacting Curriculum compacting is modifying or streamlining the regular curriculum in order to eliminate repetition of previously mastered material, upgrade the challenge level of the regular curriculum, and provide time for appropriate enrichment and/or acceleration activities while ensuring mastery of basic skills. Curriculum compacting can be implemented at any grade level and with minimum additional funding. Teachers do require training and support during implementation. During compacted time, students may pursue activities in their classroom, media center, or special resource center. Mastery Learning Teachers design units of instruction with enrichment activities that students choose to pursue once they have demonstrated content mastery (85%) of the basic material. Reinforcement activities are also designed for students needing additional work or performing below mastery. The units are “learner based” but “teacher paced.” This allows teachers to appropriately pace the instruction for the entire class for an extended period of time (a marking period) and yet provide differentiation and an incentive for high performance. By “testing out”, students gain access to the enrichment activities. In a team situation, one teacher might take the “reinforcement group” and one the “enrichment group.” At the end of the unit, everyone begins again at the same place. In this way, enrichment and reinforcement groups remain flexible. This process is a district-wide option with the date of full implementation three to five years after initiation of plan. Differentiated Units One of the most effective ways to deliver differentiated curriculum to gifted students is through designing differentiated units that incorporate individual learning abilities and levels of content and skill. This instructional design has proved to be an effective planning tool and is appropriate for gifted students in regular classrooms, part-time classes, resource settings, and full-time placements. Tiered Assignments The teacher uses different levels of activities within a class to accommodate the needs and prior knowledge level of the student. Students may explore basically the same content but at different levels of complexity. If a Differentiated Education Plan (DEP) is not meeting the needs of a student and a more specific individual plan is needed, an Individual Differentiated Education Plan (IDEP) should be developed to support student growth. The purpose of the Annual Review is not to reevaluate the student by taking him/her through the entire identification process. If the student is performing satisfactorily, complete the AIG 17 Yearly Performance Review of Progress indicating services to be continued and notify parents. The purpose of the Annual Review is not to reevaluate the student by taking him/her through the entire identification process. If the student is performing satisfactorily, (80 % or higher on EOG, EOC, or grades) complete the AIG 17 Yearly Performance Review of Progress indicating services to be continued and notify parents. Sent home in the final report card. Survey results reflect that this is an area which needs to be improved. Examples of how we will communicate with you: Lee County Website Teacher Web Pages Class Dojo / Calendar Weekly Newsletter (4th) PAGE sponsors the Lee County Spelling Bee. This year the Lee County Spelling Bee will be in February. PAGE is asking that each school have their school Spelling Bee before Christmas If you would like more information about PAGE please sign up at the end of the meeting to be placed on a communication list. Rising sixth graders Two weeks in June 8:00 – 12:00 at one of the middle schools Parents provide transportation Optional Washington, D.C. trip Registration for camp is around $30.00. If you are interested in your child going on the Washington, D.C. trip start saving now. The trip for June 2014 will be around $697.00 if at least 70 students sign up for the trip. More information will be provided for this year’s fifth graders in September. Service Options: Learning Environment ____ Enrichment ____ Cluster Grouping ____Math ____ Reading ____ Resource Class ____Math ____Reading ____ Cross-Grade Grouping _____Math _____Reading ____ Grade Acceleration ____ Dual Enrollment ____ Other (Please specify): _________________________________ Service Options: Content Modification Learning Centers Computer-Based Instruction Thematic Units Curriculum Compacting Mastery Learning Differentiated Units Tiered Assignments Contracts Independent Investigations Individualized Differentiated Education Plan (IDEP) Other (Please specify): At this time Or At an individual parent conference Additional slides follow which you may or may not decide to use. All teachers will be given the Renzulli checklist. The checklist is to be completed over time. What are the opportunities within your classroom for the student to demonstrate these behavior? CogAT scores - Use the Age Score % You will not use or enter the Composite score. Enter scores for Verbal, Quantitative, and Nonverbal scores even if the score is below the criteria cut off score. For math, during the decision making stage, you will use the higher of the two - Quantitative or Non-verbal. Invite all third and fifth grade teachers to the AIG Team meeting to analyze the data and discuss the students. Is there a student who should be added to the pool? The averages for the first three quarters for reading and math for all of the students who are in the pool or for any students who you think should be considered for the AIG program. Complete and enter the Renzulli checklist for all students who are in the pool. Analyze the data and discuss the students. Is there a student who should be added to the pool? Enter the End-of-Grade % for math and reading. Analyze the data and make a final decision for each student in the pool. Complete the AIG 11 database and e-mail a copy of the file to Dr. Warren, one to your principal, and one to your NCWISE operator. Use AIG 17 Year Performance Review of Progress (Annual Review) Send home a copy in the final report card. “Selection of students for special programs should be based on a relatively equivalent balance of tests and non-test based information.” Joseph Renzulli “The ultimate test of any identification system is the degree to which it has successfully identified students who can and do profit from and succeed in the educational programs that are provided.” Joseph Renzulli “Some young people show their potential at certain times and under certain circumstances.” Joseph Renzulli page vii of the manual Gifted behaviors can be found "in certain people (not all people), at certain times (not all the time), and under certain circumstances (not all circumstances).“ Joseph Renzulli Observation is useful in recognizing children with high potential who are : Culturally or linguistically diverse Economically disadvantage Twice exceptional Over multiple time periods Natural learning environments Across settings Across tasks U-STARS pages 2-3 High Energy Intellectual Curiosity Creative, original, and inventive Good memory, ability to retain information Perfectionist Concern with moral issues and fairness Analytical and critical thinker Rapid learner Sensitivity Keen sense of humor Learning or Cognition – Behaviors that reflect an individual’s ability to perceive and acquire knowledge Creativity – Behaviors that reflect an individual’s ability to produce original, novel, and unique ideas or products Motivation – Behaviors that reflect an individual’s ability to bring energy to bear on problems to task Leadership – Behaviors that reflect an individual’s ability to guide or direct actions by other students page 7 What are the opportunities within your classroom for the student to demonstrate these behavior? . What are the opportunities within your classroom for the student to demonstrate these behaviors? 1. You have not observed these behaviors. 2. You have occasionally observed these behaviors. 3. You have usually observed these behaviors. 4. You almost always or always have observed these behaviors. Creativity Characteristics Creativity – Behaviors that reflect an individual’s ability to produce original, novel, and unique ideas or products 1. Often offers unusual and unique responses to problems and questions. Puts unrelated ideas together in new and different ways. 2. Is a high-risk taker; is adventurous and speculative. Possesses a “let’s try” approach in play. 3. May be non-conforming. Accepts disorder, is not interested in details; is individualistic; does not fear being different. This could be viewed as a positive or a negative. 4. Displays a keen sense of humor. May be the class clown. 5. Demonstrates exceptional ability in written expression; creates stories, plays, etc. a math class? 6. Generates a large number of ideas or solutions to problems and questions. 7. Enjoys exploring materials and invents new ways to work with common materials. (Is imaginative in associating ideas with materials.) How would this look in Science activities or consider drawings 8. Can make use of his knowledge of both cultural systems to influence outcomes to this advantage. 9. Shows interest in learning more about cultural background and/or in relating his cultural experiences to social and scientific phenomena explanations presented in the classroom. Motivational Characteristics Motivation – Behaviors that reflect an individual’s ability to bring energy to bear on problems to task 1. 2. Becomes absorbed and truly involved in certain self-selected tasks. (It is sometimes difficult to get him/her to move to another topic or to stop a task). Is independent and self-sufficient. Requires little direction from others. (May resist directions.) 3. Is self-critical; not easily satisfied with own speed or products. (Sometimes is critical of others.) This could be seen as a positive or negative. 4. Is easily bored with routine tasks. Requires little drill to grasp concepts. (Needs to know reason for activity.) This could be seen as a positive or negative. 5. Is able to concentrate for a longer period of time than other children of same age. 6. Is quite concerned with right and wrong, good and bad. Can be argumentative. 7. Often is self-assertive. (Can be stubbornly set in ideas.) 8. Is consistently productive. Takes advantage of opportunities to learn. 9. Enjoys the challenge of new and difficult activities. 10. Is interested in many adult problems. World problems - environment, fairness, tsunami, earthquake, politics LEP population operates in two worlds. Other students from different groups may also. Learning Characteristics Learning or Cognition – Behaviors that reflect an individual’s ability to perceive and acquire knowledge 1. Has an advanced vocabulary for age; expresses himself/herself well. (Can put stories in his/her own words.) (Talks in conversational manner; listens and responds appropriately.) 2. Is curious about many activities and places outside immediate environment and experience. 3. Tries to discover the how and why of things; wants to know what makes things work; takes things apart. Think about your science lessons. 4. Is a keen and alert observer. Pays unusual attention to detail. Usually “sees more” or “gets more” out of a story, activity, etc. than others. (Spots details other children miss.) Discussions in reading groups or in class. 5. 6. Reasons things out for self; sees logical and common answers. Recognizes relationships. Makes connections. Shows a preference for more difficult materials; atlases, encyclopedias, etc. Examines pictures in books and magazines to learn about things (even when he/she cannot read the material). Technology or electronic media 7. Has quick recall of factual information. 8. Asks many provocative questions about topics in which young children do not ordinarily have an interest. Generates questions of his/her own. Discussion groups Math groups 9. Uses words in unique ways to express feelings, observations, and knowledge. 10. Has advanced number concepts and understands relationships among and between various coins. Understands function of clocks, calendars, etc. 11. Possesses lots of information about a variety of topics (beyond the usual interests of youngsters his age For example in brainstorming, expressed interest in reading selections. Or in casual conversations with the student. Leadership Characteristics Leadership – Behaviors that reflect an individual’s ability to guide or direct actions by other students . 1. Accepts and carries responsibility well; can be counted on to do what he/she promises and usually does it well. 2. Adapts readily to new situations; is flexible in thought and action and does not seem disturbed when normal routine is changed. (exceptions such as LD or Asperger's Syndrome) 3. Is self-confident with children of own age as well as with adults. Frequently assumes a leadership role. 4. Can express self well; has good verbal faculty and is usually well understood. Class presentations. 5. Is cooperative; tends to avoid bickering and is generally easy to get along with. 6. Tends to dominate others; generally directs the activity in which he/she is involved. (May be seen as “bossy” by other children.) 7. Organizes material in a way that is meaningful. 8. Expresses little fear of the unknown or of the difficulty of a task. 9. Likes to organize and brings structure to things, people, and situations. 10. Is able to predict from present information. Invents new ways to work with common materials. What opportunities whether small group or whole class are available.? Leadership Characteristics 11. Volunteers new information and ideas or presents new information about cultural differences or similarities or about materials learned outside of class. 12. Is able to function successfully in both cultures, or culturally relevant activities of both cultures(i.e. help children who are less acculturated to understand other culture’s values, etc.) Think about the culture of your classroom- there is diversity there Home vs. school culture. 13. Is able to generalize/transfer culture-specific skills, notions or concepts between cultures Respecting a person who may not celebrate Christmas or Halloween. This is the identification criteria; however, identification is a process. I Am Gifted http://www.teachertube.com/viewVideo.php?video_id= 126234&title=I_am_Gifted&ref=Rebelhunter47 “Once the child is admitted, performance is always more important than the entry criterion or score.” page 25 Common Characteristics Challenging Characteristics Highly motivated Heightened sensitivity Advanced communication skills Preoccupied with a need to understand Well-developed memory Perfectionism Insightful Asynchronous (uneven) development Imaginative and Creative Emotional intensity Advanced ability to deal with symbols Early awareness of being different Advanced and intense interests Anxiety caused by advanced knowledge Advanced problem solving abilities Need for mental stimulation Inquisitive Nonconformity Advanced reasoning capabilities Questioning of authority Keen sense of humor Overexcitability Introversion http://www.twicegifted.net/id2.html From: Methods and materials for teaching the gifted by Karnes & Bean, 2001, Prufrock Press. Gifted children with Asperger's Syndrome Neihart, M. Gifted Child Quarterly National Association for Gifted Children (NAGC) Vo. 44, No. 4, pp. 222-230 Fall 2000 This article by Maureen Niehart suggests approaches for the teacher who works with young people with Asperger's Syndrome. AS is a disorder in the autism spectrum that is observed in some gifted children. Gifted children may be very difficult to diagnose with AS because the disorder may resemble other problems such as a learning disability or simply just similar traits of a gifted child. Common traits of gifted AS children are listed and compared to children who are gifted without AS in order to help identify these individuals. ABSTRACT Asperger's Syndrome is a pervasive developmental disorder characterized by deficits in social communication and by repetitive patterns of behaviors, or interests. It is observed in some gifted children. The author proposes that gifted children with Asperger's Syndrome may not be identified because their unusual behaviors may be wrongly attributed to either their giftedness or to a learning disability. The article discusses ways in which Asperger's Syndrome might be missed in gifted children and proposes guidelines for differentiating characteristics of giftedness from characteristics of Asperger's Syndrome. http://www.davidsongifted.org/db/Articles_id_10167.aspx Table 1 Proposed Characteristics to Differentiate Ordinary Gifted Children from Gifted Children with Asperger's Syndrome Differentiating Characteristic Ordinary Gifted Gifted with Asperger's Syndrome Speech Patterns Normal, but may have language of older child Pedantic, seamless speech Response to Routines May passively resist, but will often go along Very low tolerance for change, agitation, aggression Disturbance of Attention If disturbance exists, it is usually external Disturbance is internal Humor Engages in socially reciprocal humor Can do word play, but typically doesn't understand humor that requires social reciprocity Motor Clumsiness Not characteristic of most gifted children 50-90 % of Asperger children manifest Inappropriate Affect Not a characteristic Nearly always observed Insight Insight usually good Usually remarkably absent Stereotypy Not a characteristic May be present Identifying Gifted Children with Asperger's Syndrome It is imperative that gifted children with AS be diagnosed so that they can effectively secure appropriate services. Parents and teachers may agree that "something is wrong," but not know what. Identifying these students only as gifted or learning disabled is not as effective and can contribute not only to misunderstandings about the true nature of the child's difficulties, but also to the formulation of an inappropriate educational plan (Barron & Barron, 1992; Dewey, 1991; Grandin, 1992; Klin & Volkmar, 1995; Levy, 1988; Minshew, 1992; Schopler, 1985). To identify AS in gifted children, two things are needed: a thorough developmental history and insight into the motivation behind certain behaviors (Atwood, 1998; Levy, 1988; Tsai, 1992). Without these two, there is a danger that AS will be over--or under--diagnosed. Symptoms of the disorder in a gifted child may be mistakenly attributed to the child's giftedness, rather than to the disorder. At other times, an AS child's giftedness may be discounted or considered irrelevant to his or her development. Accurate diagnosis of AS in gifted children requires the participation of an experienced, interdisciplinary team. Parents should be actively involved in the assessment since developmental history is so important to confirming or ruling out the diagnosis. Table 2 provides the diagnostic criteria for AS from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV; APA, 1994). Tony Atwood (1998) explained that, in addition to the developmental history, a diagnostic evaluation will usually include some formal testing, an assessment of movement skills, observations of the child's social reciprocity in situations engineered to elicit a variety of specific behaviors, and observations of the child's pragmatic use of language. Readers interested in a more comprehensive discussion of diagnostic tools and procedures are referred to his work. Read more: http://www.primary-education-oasis.com http://www.primary-education-oasis.com/gifted-characteristics.html#ixzz1sJjMxwoi Gifted Children Highly curious Has wild, crazy ideas Plays around, yet can test well Detail oriented 1-2 repetitions for mastery Prefers older children or adults Makes inferences Extremely intense Creates new designs Manipulates information Excellent guesser Likes complexity Is keenly observant Highly self-critical Asks the hard questions Works beyond the group Enjoys learning new things Rebels against routine Becomes the class clown High Achievers Knows the answers Has good ideas Works hard to achieve high scores Answers the questions 6-8 repetitions for mastery Enjoys peers Grasps the meaning Receptive and willing Copies information accurately Absorbs information Excellent memorizing skills Enjoys sequential information Alert and on-task Pleased with own efforts Knows all the answers Works in the top group Enjoys school Enjoys routine Conforms to accepted behavior In what ways do you provide opportunities for students to demonstrate the characteristics? Consideration 1: There is no such thing as a perfect identification system. Consideration 2: The objective data vs. subjective date trade-off. Consideration 3: People, Not instruments, make decisions. Consideration 4: Avoid the multiple-criteria screening smokescreen Consideration 5: What will we call selected students? Consideration 6: The relationship between identification and programming. Please complete the following checklist by numbering what best represents your observations of the student. Use the rubric listed below to determine your rating: 1. You have not observed these behaviors. 2. You have occasionally observed these behaviors 3. You have usually observed these behaviors. 4. You almost always or always have observed these behaviors Creativity Characteristics 1. Often offers unusual and unique responses to problems and questions. Puts unrelated ideas together in new and different ways. 2. Is a high-risk taker; is adventurous and speculative. Possesses a “let’s try” approach in play. 3. May be non-conforming. Accepts disorder, is not interested in details; is individualistic; does not fear being different. 4. Displays a keen sense of humor. 5. Demonstrates exceptional ability in written expression; creates stories, plays, etc. Math Class?? Creativity Characteristics 6. Generates a large number of ideas or solutions to problems and questions. 7. Enjoys exploring materials and invents new ways to work with common materials. (Is imaginative in associating ideas with materials.) 8. Can make use of his knowledge of both cultural systems to influence outcomes to this advantage. 9. Shows interest in learning more about cultural background and/or in relating his cultural experiences to social and scientific phenomena explanations presented in the classroom. 1. Becomes absorbed and truly involved in certain self-selected tasks. (It is sometimes difficult to get him/her to move to another topic or to stop a task). 2. Is independent and self-sufficient. Requires little direction from others. (May resist directions.) 3. Is self-critical; not easily satisfied with own speed or products. (Sometimes is critical of others.) 4. Is easily bored with routine tasks. Requires little drill to grasp concepts. (Needs to know reason for activity.) 5. Is able to concentrate for a longer period of time than other children of same age. 6. Is quite concerned with right and wrong, good and bad. 7. Often is self-assertive. (Can be stubbornly set in ideas.) 8. Is consistently productive. Takes advantage of opportunities to learn. 9. Enjoys the challenge of new and difficult activities. 10. Is interested in many adult problems. World problems environment, fairness 1. Has an advanced vocabulary for age; expresses himself/herself well. (Can put stories in his/her own words.) (Talks in conversational manner; listens and responds appropriately.) 2. Is curious about many activities and places outside immediate environment and experience. 3. Tries to discover the how and why of things; wants to know what makes things work; takes things apart. 4. Is a keen and alert observer. Pays unusual attention to detail. Usually “sees more” or “gets more” out of a story, activity, etc. than others. (Spots details other children miss.) 5. Reasons things out for self; sees logical and common answers. Recognizes relationships. 6. Shows a preference for more difficult materials; atlases, encyclopedias, etc. Examines pictures in books and magazines to learn about things (even when he/she cannot read the material). 7. Has quick recall of factual information. 8. Asks many provocative questions about topics in which young children do not ordinarily have an interest. Generates questions of his/her own. Discussion groups. Math???? 9. Uses words in unique ways to express feelings, observations, and knowledge. 10. Has advanced number concepts and understands relationships among and between various coins. Understands function of clocks, calendars, etc. 11. Possesses lots of information about a variety of topics (beyond the usual interests of youngsters his age 1. Accepts and carries responsibility well; can be counted on to do what he/she promises and usually does it well. 2. Adapts readily to new situations; is flexible in thought and action and does not seem disturbed when normal routine is changed. 3. Is self-confident with children of own age as well as with adults. Frequently assumes a leadership role. 4. Can express self well; has good verbal faculty and is usually well understood. 5. Is cooperative; tends to avoid bickering and is generally easy to get along with. 6. Tends to dominate others; generally directs the activity in which he/she is involved. (May be seen as “bossy” by other children.) 7. Organizes material in a way that is meaningful. 8. Expresses little fear of the unknown or of the difficulty of a task. 9. Likes to organize and brings structure to things, people, and situations. 10. Is able to predict from present information. Invents new ways to work with common materials. 11. Volunteers new information and ideas or presents new information about cultural differences or similarities or about materials learned outside of class.