Loom, Kinetoscope, Piano
ATEC 6331.001
02-09-2009
Xiaowen Wang

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One of the earliest loom is the peg loom, or also known as ground loom. Used around
5,000 B.C.
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It consists of two pegs driven into the ground, between them is a bar that holds up the threads creating the warp.
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Warp is the vertical threads.
(Now horizontal on modern loom.)
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Weft is the thread that goes either over or under the warp.

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1606 – Claud Dangon warping frame loom.
1700s (early) – Devices added to lift individual warp threads, allowing complex pattern and textures.
1782 – Frenchman Falcon suggests using perforated cards to store cloth pattern.
1706 – Edmund Cartwright constructs the first mechanical loom.
1801 – French inventor Joseph Marie Jaquard completes his pattern loom.
1822 – Richard Robert designs a complete automatic loom
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American Bigelow and Northrop develops the power loom for carpet weaving.

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Human brain perceives motion when pictures in rapid sequence are flashed at 15 or more frames per second.
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1860, sequential photographs were produced
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1877, Eadweard Muybridge attempted to prove that all four of horses hoof leaves the ground when it gallops
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24 cameras took sequential photos of the horse and proved his theory.

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George Eastman dvelops stripes of flexible celluloid camera film with high exposure rate.
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Thomas Edison and collaborators combined everything together to produce a Kinetoscope.
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Kinetoscope is a device that advances a strip of film, frame by frame in rapid succession to produce the illusion of fluid motion.

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Pianos originates from the zither, an instrument from the
Bronze Age.
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Strings are stretched between two sticks and played by plucking.
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The zither develops with a resonating chamber by the Greeks.
The first zither arrives in Europe around 11 th century.
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From the zithers, dulcimers are developed, with the concept of strings struck by hammers.
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Clavichord then follows in 1404.
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The virginal around the 1600s, expanding the octaves.
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Followed by spinet and the harpsichord.

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Due to lack of dynamic control of individual notes, the piano is born.
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Constructed by Cristofori, the keeper of instruments at the
Florentine court in 18 th century.
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The new instrument is described as a harpsichord with soft and loud.

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Rugs with complex design
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Fabric with rich textile

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Color and pattern expressed in fashion design
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Interior design to suit personal aesthetic taste

 Muybridge Film – The
Horse
 Edison's first Film -
Sneezes
 Modern cinema –
Television series,
Featured films, and
Documentary films.
v

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Works of Scarlatti with new instruments.
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Hapsichord - Scarlatti's piece on harpsichord
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Piano - Scarlatti's piece on piano
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After the piano comes the romantic eraChopin piano concerto No.2

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Humphries, Carl, “The Piano Handbook”, Outline Press Ltd, 2002, London,
England.
Travers, Bridget. Muhr, Jeffrey, World of Invention,1994, Gale Research
Inc. Detroit MI, pages 387 – 388, 537-538
Eco, Umberto, Zorzoli, G.B., The Picture History of Inventions, Casa editrice Valentino Bompiani & C. Milano, 1961. Printed in Italy.
Images from various googled source.
Music/videos from Youtube.com