PLANT NOTES
Part 1
Plant Diversity
Plants are members of the Kingdom
______.
 They are classified as eukaryotic
organisms that have cell walls made
of cellulose & carry out
photosynthesis using the green
pigment ______.

Plant Diversity
Plants are members of the Kingdom
Plantae.
 They are classified as eukaryotic
organisms that have cell walls made
of cellulose & carry out
photosynthesis using the green
pigment ______.

Plant Diversity
Plants are members of the Kingdom
Plantae.
 They are classified as eukaryotic
organisms that have cell walls made
of cellulose & carry out
photosynthesis using the green
pigment chlorophyll.

Plant Diversity


Members of Kingdom
Plantae include trees,
shrubs, grasses,
mosses & ferns.
Most plants are
autotrophic, however
there are a few
______ that live on &
feed off of decaying
matter.
Plant Diversity


Members of Kingdom
Plantae include trees,
shrubs, grasses,
mosses & ferns.
Most plants are
autotrophic, however
there are a few
parasites that live on
& feed off of
decaying matter.
What Plants Need to Survive

______ – they use energy from the
sun to carry out photosynthesis.

______ & minerals – are necessary
for plants to perform photosynthesis
and are absorbed from the soil.
What Plants Need to Survive

Sunlight – they use energy from the
sun to carry out photosynthesis.

______ & minerals – are necessary
for plants to perform photosynthesis
and are absorbed from the soil.
What Plants Need to Survive

Sunlight – they use energy from the
sun to carry out photosynthesis.

Water & minerals – are necessary
for plants to perform photosynthesis
and are absorbed from the soil.
What Plants Need to Survive
______ exchange – plants require
oxygen to support cellular respiration
and carbon dioxide to carry out
photosynthesis.
 Movement of water & ______ –
plants take in water & nutrients from
the soil through their roots to the rest
of the plant.

What Plants Need to Survive
Gas exchange – plants require
oxygen to support cellular respiration
and carbon dioxide to carry out
photosynthesis.
 Movement of water & ______ –
plants take in water & nutrients from
the soil through their roots to the rest
of the plant.

What Plants Need to Survive
Gas exchange – plants require
oxygen to support cellular respiration
and carbon dioxide to carry out
photosynthesis.
 Movement of water & nutrients –
plants take in water & nutrients from
the soil through their roots to the rest
of the plant.

The Origin of Plants
When plants first appeared on Earth,
they changed its’ existence.
 With the emergence of plants, new
ecosystems appeared and organic
matter began to form ___.

The Origin of Plants
When plants first appeared on Earth,
they changed its’ existence.
 With the emergence of plants, new
ecosystems appeared and organic
matter began to form soil.

The Origin of Plants
Plants had to evolve structures that
allowed them to acquire, transport and
conserve water in order to successfully
exist in their new habitat.
 Most scientists agree that the first
plants evolved from an organism that
is similar to green _____, which you
should recall is a plant-like protist.

The Origin of Plants
Plants had to evolve structures that
allowed them to acquire, transport and
conserve water in order to successfully
exist in their new habitat.
 Most scientists agree that the first
plants evolved from an organism that
is similar to green algae, which you
should recall is a plant-like protist.

Plant Diversity
BRYOPHYTES:
 Include ______
plants such as
mosses, liverworts
and hornworts.
 These are classified
as nonvascular &
are found in moist,
shaded areas.
Plant Diversity
BRYOPHYTES:
 Include lowgrowing plants
such as mosses,
liverworts and
hornworts.
 These are classified
as nonvascular &
are found in moist,
shaded areas.
Bryophytes


Bryophytes depend on _____ for
reproduction, as most of them produce
sperm that must swim through water to
reach eggs.
Mosses (from Phylum Bryophyta) are the
most common bryophytes, which grow most
abundantly in areas with water like swamps,
_____, near streams and in rain forests.
Bryophytes


Bryophytes depend on water for
reproduction, as most of them produce
sperm that must swim through water to
reach eggs.
Mosses (from Phylum Bryophyta) are the
most common bryophytes, which grow most
abundantly in areas with water like swamps,
_____, near streams and in rain forests.
Bryophytes


Bryophytes depend on water for
reproduction, as most of them produce
sperm that must swim through water to
reach eggs.
Mosses (from Phylum Bryophyta) are the
most common bryophytes, which grow most
abundantly in areas with water like swamps,
bogs, near streams and in rain forests.
Bryophytes

Because they aren’t vascular, mosses
don’t have true roots. Instead they have
_______, which are long, thin cells that
anchor them into the ground and absorb
water & minerals.
Bryophytes

Because they aren’t vascular, mosses
don’t have true roots. Instead they have
rhizoids, which are long, thin cells that
anchor them into the ground and absorb
water & minerals.
Bryophytes


Humans use a
particular moss from
the genus Sphagnum,
which we commonly
call ____ moss.
When it dries it can be
cut from the ground
and burned, or it can
be used in gardening
due to its’ sponge-like
ability to hold water.
Bryophytes


Humans use a
particular moss from
the genus Sphagnum,
which we commonly
call peat moss.
When it dries it can be
cut from the ground
and burned, or it can
be used in gardening
due to its’ sponge-like
ability to hold water.
Seedless Vascular Plants
Vascular plants have a specialized
__________ system with vascular
tissue for conducting water & nutrients.
 Vascular plants contain a xylem layer
(which transports water) and a phloem
layer (which transports food like
nutrients & carbohydrates).

Seedless Vascular Plants
Vascular plants have a specialized
transport system with vascular tissue
for conducting water & nutrients.
 Vascular plants contain a xylem layer
(which transports water) and a phloem
layer (which transports food like
nutrients & carbohydrates).

Vascular
Tissues
Seedless Vascular Plants



Both xylem & phloem
can move fluids
through the plant body.
All vascular plants
have _____, stems &
leaves.
Seedless vascular
plants include club
mosses, horsetails &
_____.
Seedless Vascular Plants



Both xylem & phloem
can move fluids
through the plant body.
All vascular plants
have roots, stems &
leaves.
Seedless vascular
plants include club
mosses, horsetails &
_____.
Seedless Vascular Plants



Both xylem & phloem
can move fluids
through the plant body.
All vascular plants
have roots, stems &
leaves.
Seedless vascular
plants include club
mosses, horsetails &
ferns.
Seed Plants
Plants that have the ability to form
seeds are the most dominant group of
photosynthetic organisms on land.
 The seed plants are divided into 2
groups:

____________ (cone-bearing plants)
____________ (flowering plants)
Seed Plants
Plants that have the ability to form
seeds are the most dominant group of
photosynthetic organisms on land.
 The seed plants are divided into 2
groups:

Gymnosperms (cone-bearing plants)
___________ (flowering plants)
Seed Plants
Plants that have the ability to form
seeds are the most dominant group of
photosynthetic organisms on land.
 The seed plants are divided into 2
groups:

Gymnosperms (cone-bearing plants)
Angiosperms (flowering plants)
Seed Plants


One reason that seed
plants became so
successful is because
they don’t require
water for the
fertilization of their
gametes.
Because of this, seed
plants can live just
about anywhere.
Seed Plant Adaptations


Some adaptations that allow seed plants
to reproduce without water include having
flowers or cones, the ability to transfer
sperm by ___________ and the protection
of embryos encased in _____.
Cones are the seed-bearing structures in
gymnosperms, while flowers are the seedbearing structures in angiosperms.
Gymnosperm
Angiosperm
Seed Plant Adaptations


Some adaptations that allow seed plants
to reproduce without water include having
flowers or cones, the ability to transfer
sperm by pollination and the protection of
embryos encased in ______.
Cones are the seed-bearing structures in
gymnosperms, while flowers are the seedbearing structures in angiosperms.
Gymnosperm
Angiosperm
Seed Plant Adaptations


Some adaptations that allow seed plants
to reproduce without water include having
flowers or cones, the ability to transfer
sperm by pollination and the protection of
embryos encased in seeds.
Cones are the seed-bearing structures in
gymnosperms, while flowers are the seedbearing structures in angiosperms.
Gymnosperm
Angiosperm
Seed Plant Adaptations

In seed plants, the entire male
gamete is contained in a tiny
structure called a pollen grain, which
is carried to the female parts of the
flower by wind, insects or small
animals for pollination.
Seed Plant Adaptations


A seed is an embryo
of a plant encased in a
protective covering &
surrounded by a food
supply.
After fertilization, the
zygote becomes an
embryo & eventually a
plant.
Read chapter 23 and be
ready to take Quiz
chapter 23 next class