FP-5
T-44
Emergency Procedures
5/14/15
Ground Emergencies
Ground Emergencies
• Abnormal Start
• Emergency Engine Shutdown on Deck
• Loss of Brakes
• Hot Brakes
• Brake Fire
• Jammed Controls on Deck
Abnormal Start
Abnormal Start
• Execute Memory Items:
• Condition lever – FUEL CUTOFF (note ITT
decrease to below 790).
• Starter – OFF.
• Know your starter limitations
• If another start is attempted, allow 60 seconds
delay to drain fuel and cool starter, then motor
for 15 seconds minimum.
Emergency Engine Shutdown on Deck
• Confirm, if possible, the fire actually exists by
checking instruments and nacelles.
• Execute Memory Items:
• Condition levers – FUEL CUTOFF.
• Firewall valves – CLOSED.
• Boost pumps – OFF.
• Fire extinguisher – As Required.
• AUX BATT Switch – OFF.
• Gang Bar – OFF.
• Evacuate aircraft.
Loss of Brakes/ Hot Brakes
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Have other pilot check his/her pedals
Maintain directional control
Utilize prop reverse or beta to stop
Do not taxi; maneuver into open area
Check shuttle valve by pulling the top of the
brake pedal.
• Call for assistance for tow
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Usually the result of excessive braking
Use reverse and minimum braking to stop
Allow the brakes to cool using prop wash
Locking the wheels may occur resulting in
blown tires
• Call for assistance for tow
Brake Fire
• Execute Memory Items:
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Stop aircraft.
Firefighting assistance – Request.
Emergency Shutdown on Deck Checklist – Execute.
• Preferable to stay behind the aircraft. If the
wheels explode because of rapid cooling,
fragments will fly sideways from the wheel.
• Do not attempt to fight the fire!
Jammed Controls on Deck
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Check yaw damp/auto pilot OFF
Maintain controls in the jammed condition
Call for immediate inspection
Takeoff Emergencies
Takeoff Emergencies
• Aborting Takeoff
• Engine Failure During Takeoff
• Engine Failure After Takeoff
• Tire Failure
• Abnormal Takeoffs
Aborting Takeoff
• The decision to abort or continue is dependent
on the length of remaining runway, airspeed,
gross weight, and density altitude.
• Use extreme caution if takeoff surface is not
hard and dry (reverse considerations).
• Mechanical stops are incorporated in the
throttle quadrant; downward pressure must be
applied to allow for reversing power.
Aborting Takeoff
• Execute Memory Items:
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Announce “Abort.”
Power levers – IDLE
Reverse – As Required
Brakes – As Required
(Prior to departing the prepared surface):
Condition levers – FUEL CUTOFF
(As soon as practicable):
Firewall Valves – CLOSED
Boost pumps – OFF
Fire extinguisher(s) – As Required
AUX BATT switch – OFF
Gang Bar – OFF
Evacuate aircraft.
Engine Failure During Takeoff
Abort!
Engine Failure After Takeoff
Engine Failure After Takeoff
• Execute Memory Items:
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Power – As Required
Gear – UP
Airspeed – As Required (Vxse or Vyse)
Emergency Shutdown Checklist – Execute.
• Warning: Do NOT retard the power lever until the
feathering sequence is completed.
• Warning: No climb can be obtained with an
inoperative engine windmilling. Always ensure the
failed engine prop feathers!
Tire Failure
• If occurs during takeoff, ABORT.
• Control the aircraft using rudder, nosewheel
steering and brakes, as necessary.
Abnormal Takeoffs
• You won’t do these.
• Reference NATOPS for:
• Obstruction Clearance Takeoff
• Soft-Field Takeoff
• Short-Field Takeoff
Inflight Emergencies
In-Flight Emergencies (Part I)
• Engine Failure
• Emergency Shutdown Checklist
• Jammed Power Lever
• Airstarts
• Single-Engine Crossfeed
Engine Failure
• Relax! No unusual handling characteristics.
• Sufficient rudder trim to maintain level flight above 100
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knots (below requires manual augment)
• Warning: Waving-off with full flaps will result in a loss
of 200’ before climb is established.
• Execute Memory Items if experienced after takeoff.
• DO NOT relight with a MOVEOFF item:
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Mechanical
Malfunction
Overheat
Vibration
Explosion
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0% N1 RPM
Fire
Fuel Fumes
Emergency Shutdown Checklist
• Execute Memory Items:
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Power lever – IDLE
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Prop lever – FEATHER
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Condition lever – FUEL CUTOFF.
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FTI: “Is it a FIRE or a FUEL LEAK?”
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Firewall Valve – CLOSED
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Fire extinguisher – As Required
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Bleed air – CLOSED
Engine Shutdown Checklist
• Continue with steps 7-8, conditions
permitting.
• Don’t interrupt the checklist to conduct
the Landing Checklist
• Fly the airplane first. Always remember:
AVIATE, NAVIGATE, COMMUNICATE
Jammed Power Lever
• If no abnormal conditions are detected,
consideration can be given to keeping the engine
running. Prior to landing…
• Execute Memory Items:
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Condition lever (affected engine) – FUEL CUTOFF
Emergency Shutdown Checklist – Execute (PF)
Airstarts
• Either generator-assisted or battery-only
(windmilling).
• You will see each one in the C4300 block.
• Always determine the cause of failure first!
Airstarts
• Generator-assisted: Reference NATOPS.
• This is the normal procedure for relight.
Airstarts
• Windmilling: for inadvertent shutdown.
• Execute Memory Items:
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Power lever (failed engine) – IDLE
Prop lever (failed engine) – Full Forward
Condition lever (failed engine) – FUEL CUTOFF
Firewall valve – OPEN
Autoignition – ARMED
Condition lever – LOW IDLE
Power – As Required
Complete steps 8-10.
Single-Engine Crossfeed
• Reference NATOPS
• OPEN the crossfeed valve
• Turn OFF the boost pump for the non-feeding
tank
• Wing SOP: Fuel balancing is not
authorized
• Only use for emergency purposes.
In-Flight Emergencies (Part II)
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In-Flight Fire
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Smoke/Fire of Unknown Origin
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Smoke & Fume Elimination
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Oil System Failure
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Fuel System Failure
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Fuel Leaks
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Fuel Siphoning
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Electrical System Failure
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Propeller Failure
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Pilot Emergency Static Air Source
In-Flight Fire
• CONFIRM the fire exists.
• Sunlight may cause illumination of the
warning light.
• If secondaries exist, shutdown.
• If no secondaries exist, consideration
should be given to shutdown.
In-Flight Fire
Fire, confirmed.
Smoke/Fire of Unknown Origin
• This checklist may be exited once the source is found.
• Pausing between last 5 steps may isolate electrical fire.
• With the Gang Bar OFF, you will still have AUX battery
items available (CRANE)
• Maintain VMC if possible!
• Land/ditch immediately if fire uncontrollable.
• Execute Memory Items:
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Crew – Alerted.
Cabin temp mode – OFF
Vent blower – AUTO
Oxygen masks/MIC switches – As Required
Smoke & Fume Elimination
• Execute Memory Items:
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Oxygen masks/MIC switches – As
Required
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Pressurization – DUMP
• Closing bleed air valves will reduce
fumes
• Magnetic compass fluid is highly toxic!
Execute memory items.
Oil System Failure
• Pressure below 85psi is undesirable
• Tolerate for completion of flight
• Reduce power, land as soon as practicable
• Pressure below 40psi, temp above 99 is unsafe,
execute a shutdown.
• CHIP light – check for secondaries!
• Either case, land as soon as possible
• If none are detected, engine may be used with
discretion for situations requiring power.
Fuel System Failure
• Engine driven fuel pump failure leads to
flameout
• Boost pump failure requires crossfeed or suction
lifting
• Reference NATOPS! Your range may be
affected.
Fuel Leaks
• Execute Memory Items:
• Condition lever – FUEL CUTOFF
• Emergency Shutdown Checklist – Execute
• An apparent fuel leak might be fuel siphoning if it
originates from the fuel cap.
Fuel Leaks
•FUEL SIPHONING: Extreme nose low attitudes
will aggravate the fuel siphoning condition (airspeed
140 knots max).
•FUEL LEAK: Secure engine with memory items.
Electrical System Failure
• Execute Memory Items:
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Generator – OFF, reset momentarily, then ON.
(If generator will not reset):
Generator – OFF
Current Limiter (Battery Anmeter) – Checked
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Maintain VMC whenever possible.
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Know your wet compass characteristics and “Big 5” for total
electrical failure (in FTI). You will see this in syllabus.
Propeller Failure
Propeller Failure
• Three levels of “governing”: Primary, overspeed,
and the fuel-topping governors.
• Practice the FTI CRM brief.
• Don’t shut down engine/prop that feathers
properly unless secondary indications are noted.
• Note: Landing with an overspeeding prop is
strongly discouraged. The ultimate goal is to
feather the prop.
Propeller Failure
• Execute Memory Items:
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Attempt to adjust prop RPM; if normal limits exist,
continue operation. If not, complete the following:
Power lever – IDLE
Prop lever – FEATHER
Alternate Prop Feathering Checklist – As Required.
Prop Linkage Failure results in 2200 RPM or the last RPM
setting. Manipulate the other prop to match them, and land
(reversing, as required).
Pilot Emergency Static Air Source
• Reference NATOPS Chapter 25 for gauge error
• Airspeed and Altitude will be approximately +5
KIAS/+50 feet in error on pilot’s side at approach
speeds/altitudes (you will actually be lower and
slower).
In-Flight Emergencies (Part III)
• Electrothermal Propeller Deice
• Surface Deice
• Loss of Pressurization
• Explosive Decompression
• Emergency Descent Procedure
• Cabin Door Open Light Illuminated
• Flight Guidance Failure
• In-flight Damage / Spin/OCF Recovery
• Terrain Warning
Electrothermal Propeller Deice
• Normal range is 14-18 amps.
• 0 or 23 amps is unusable
• Imbalance requires manipulating the prop
levers to aid in ice removal.
Surface Deice
• Stall speeds will significantly increase with
the wing deice boots inflated.
• If boots fail to deflate, pull the SUR
DE-ICE circuit breaker.
Loss of Pressurization
• Reference NATOPS.
• Approximately 75% N1 is required to
maintain pressurization during descent.
• Utilizing the TEST position may restore
pressurization; pull the PRESS CONTROL
CB to remove electrical power and maintain
pressure (CAUTION – reset prior to
landing!).
Explosive Decompression
• Execute Memory Items:
– Oxygen masks/MIC switches – As Required
– Descend – As Required
• Do not confuse fog with smoke.
• Descend below 10,000’ to remove mask or below
18,000’ with masks on (3710 cabin altitude
limits).
Emergency Descent Procedure
- Execute Memory Items:
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Power levers – IDLE
Props – FULL FORWARD
Flaps – As Required
Landing gear – As Required
Airspeed – As Required
Windshield heat – As Required
- Don’t exceed airframe limitations
- For training, stick with just props full forward.
Cabin Door Open Light Illuminated
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Don’t attempt to check the door
Ensure that all occupants are seated and belted
Depressurize the cabin
Land
Autopilot Disengagement
• Automatic:
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Any interruption/failure of power
Failure condition of FGC
Flight control failure
A/P trim failure
Stall condition
Extreme attitude
• In any of these cases, the horn
will continue until the disc.
button on the yoke is pressed.
• Manual:
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Pushing the AP/YD button (FGP)
Go-Around button (LH throttle)
AP/YD disc. button (yoke)
Manual trim switch (yoke)
DISC bar is positioned down
Avionics Master OFF
Inflight Damage
• Damage includes midair collision, bird
strike or overstress
• Check contols for freedom of movement
• Conduct a controllability check:
– Above 5,000’
– Configure and slow in 10 knot increments
• Land as soon as possible with minimum
movement (straight-in approach)
Spin/OCF Recovery
• Execute Memory Items:
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Power levers – IDLE
Rudder – Full deflection opposite direction turn needle
Control Wheel – Rapidly Forward
Rudder – Neutralize after rotation stops
Control Wheel – Pull out of dive with smooth, steady
back pressure.
• You will brief this before every event. Practice!
Terrain Warning
• Execute Memory Items:
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Wings – Level
Power – Maximum Allowable
Pitch – As required for Vx
Flaps – Approach (unless already UP)
Gear – UP
Flaps – UP
Props – 1,900 RPM
– Continue climb at Vx until all warnings cease.
• Notify ATC. You are authorized to deviate!
Landing Emergencies
Landing Emergencies
• Single Engine Landing
• Single-Engine Waveoff/Missed Approach
• Flap System Failure
• Landing Gear Emergencies
• Abnormal Landings
• Forced Landing - No Power
• Ditching
• Wind Shear
Single Engine Landing
• Full flaps should be utilized only if required (no
possibility of a waveoff)
• Utilize single engine reverse, as required
• Feathered prop can lead to floating
• Airspeed: 110 KIAS is a MINIMUM until over
the threshold per the FTI.
Single-Engine Waveoff/Missed Approach
• Execute Memory Items:
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Power – Max Allowable, establish positive rate of climb
Flaps – Approach (unless already UP)
Gear – UP
Flaps – UP
Prop – 1,900 RPM
• Technique: Climb at 102 KIAS until clean, then
climb at 110 KIAS. You will accelerate to 120 KIAS
in the pattern very easily.
• Maintain 500’ upwind in the pattern.
Flap System Failure
• Know your FTI flap malfunction brief!
• No provisions exist for emergency flap operation
• Wing flap motor circuit breaker should be pulled
• Restore to last position & verify before landing.
Landing Gear Emergencies
Actual gear-up
landing (DEC
2013)
Landing Gear Emergencies
• Don’t cycle the gear handle until after
referencing NATOPS due to complexity of
malfunction
• Once you have three down & locked, obtain a
visual inspection and land!
• If not, run the Landing Gear Unsafe Down
Indications checklist.
Abnormal Landings
• Main / Nosewheel tire flat
• Consult NATOPS when applicable
for:
• Soft field
• Short field
Wind Shear
• Execute Memory Items:
– Power – Maximum Allowable
– Attitude – Set and Hold Approximately 15 degrees
noseup
– Gear – UP
Flaps – Maintain Current Setting
• You will brief this before every event. Practice!
Forced Landing - No Power
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Circular pattern (similar to ELP)
Flaps – FULL, as required
If unsure of landing surface, land gear up
Tendency to overshoot because of less drag
• Reference NATOPS fig. 16-5.
Ditching
• You will fly these extensively in contacts!
• Order of Priorities:
• Wings-level
• Rate of descent
• Airspeed
• Power settings are critical
• (800 ft-lbs SSE, 400 ft-lbs dual engine)
• Ditch parallel to the swells
• Always gear up.
Emergency Procedures Review