Chapter 4 Tour: Electricity
1 Principles of Electricity
Pages 91-98
 Define 10 major terms used in electricity
 Describe the safety measures to be followed
when using electrical appliances
2 Electricity in Cosmetology
Pages 99-108
 Explain the 3 kinds of effects created by electric
current during cosmetology services
 List 3 kinds of effects created by electric current
during electrotherapy and light therapy treatments
Vocabulary of
Electricity
1
Principles of
Electricity
Electric Current
Safety Measures
Chapter 4.1
Electricity
Principles of Electricity
Where were you when the lights went out?
Chapter 4.1
Electricity
Principles of Electricity
Vocabulary of Electricity
Click on a card to view the definition of a key term.
Click on a definition to reveal the key term.
Electricity
Load
Form of
energy that
produces
light, heat,
magnetic and
chemical
changes
Technical
name for any
electrically
powered
appliance
Electric
Current
Conductor
Movement of
electricity
along a path
called a
conductor
Material that
allows
electricity to
flow through
it easily
Vocabulary of Electricity
Click on a card to view the definition of a key term.
Click on a definition to reveal the key term.
Insulator
Volt
Material that
does not
allow flow
of electric
current
Unit of
electric
pressure
Amp
Unit of
electric
strength
Ohm
Unit of
electric
resistance
Vocabulary of Electricity
Click on a card to view the definition of a key term.
Click on a definition to reveal the key term.
Watt
Measure of
how much
electrical
energy is
being used
Electrotherapy
Application of
electrical
currents
during skin
treatments
Vocabulary of Electricity
Conductor
Insulator
Material that
best transports
electricity
Material that
does not allow a
current to pass
through it
In a salon, most currents are carried by
cords which are copper wire (conductors)
insulated by varying amounts of rubber.
Chapter 4.1
Electricity
Principles of Electricity
Vocabulary of Electricity
Cords on appliances should be kept straight and
free of knots, kinks and tangles to prevent breaks.
A break in any electrical
cord can put you or your
client in contact with an
active current, causing
electrical shock.
Chapter 4.1
Electricity
Principles of Electricity
Vocabulary of Electricity
AMP
VOLT
OHM
Strength
Pressure
Resistance
• Power box to • Measures how • Impedance
house supplies hard electrons • Measures how
amps
are pushed by difficult it is to
the source
• Conductors
push electrons
carry limited
• 110/220 volts
through a
number of
• 220 volt has “V” conductor
amps
prongs on plug • OHM’s rating =
• Amp rating is • Large motors
resistance to
the number of
need 220 volts the motion of
electrons
electrons in a
flowing on a line
conductor
WATT
HERTZ
Amount Used
• 1 watt = small
amount of
energy
• Blow dryer =
1000 watts
per second
• 1000 watts =
one kilowatt
Frequency
• Hertz = Hz
• Number of
cycles, per
second, a
generator
alternates the
current from
the source
• 1 hertz = one
cycle/second
Chapter 4.1
Electricity
Principles of Electricity
Vocabulary of Electricity
Beyond the Book
The flow of electricity in a human produces
violent muscle contractions that prevent the
person from “letting go”.
Receiving a shock may cause the heart to
lose its coordination or rhythm.
http://www.jlab.org
Electric Current
Two Forms:
DC
• Direct Current (DC)
– Electrons move at an even rate in
only one direction
AC
• Alternating Current (AC)
– Electrons flow first in one direction
and then the other
Chapter 4.1
Electricity
Principles of Electricity
Electric Current
Special Instruments:
DC
• Converter
AC
– Changes direct current to
alternating current
• Rectifier
AC
– Changes alternating current
to direct current
DC
Chapter 4.1
Electricity
Principles of Electricity
Electric Current
Sources of Electric Current
Generator
• Produces alternating current
• Power source most often
•
used in salons
Uses mechanical energy to
produce flow of electrons
AC
Battery
• Has a positive (+) and
•
•
a negative (-) terminal
Produces direct current only
Electrons flow toward
positive terminal in a circuit
DC
Chapter 4.1
Electricity
Principles of Electricity
Electric Current
How Electric Current is Produced
Two conditions necessary for an electric current:
•
Source
–Generator producing alternating current
–Battery producing direct current
•
Circuit
–Closed path through which electrons travel
Chapter 4.1
Electricity
Principles of Electricity
Electric Current
How Electric Current is Produced – Electron Flow
Closed
•
Electrons leave the source
and operate an appliance
•
Switch is on
Open
• Broken path of electron flow
• Switch is off
Chapter 4.1
Electricity
Principles of Electricity
Electric Current
How Electric Current is Produced
• Parallel Wiring
– Powers several loads at once or at
different times
– Install only parallel wiring in a salon
• Series Wiring
– Runs all loads at the same time
– Circuit travels from one load to the next
– Example would be Christmas lights
Chapter 4.1
Electricity
Principles of Electricity
Electric Current
Overload and Short Circuit
•
Overload
– Too many appliances on one circuit being operated at
the same time
– More current flows than the line is designed to carry
– Takes 1 amp on the circuit to operate every 100 watts of
an appliance
• 1,000 watt blow dryer needs a 10-amp circuit
– Risk of fire occurs when an extension cord with multiple
plugs attaches 4 or 5 appliances to one wall socket
Chapter 4.1
Electricity
Principles of Electricity
Electric Current
Overload and Short Circuit
• Short Circuit
– A “foreign conductor” comes in contact with wire
carrying current to a load
– Commonly occurs in thermal styling tools due to
twisting and bending of cords
– Example: dropping a blow dryer in water
Chapter 4.1
Electricity
Principles of Electricity
Electric Current
Beyond the Book
Thomas Edison invented the first
commercially practical incandescent electric
lamp.
The lamp itself was perfected on October
21, 1879 which put into circuit the first bulb
embodying the principles known as the
"Edison modern incandescent lamp." This
bulb maintained its incandescence for over
40 hours.
http://www.thomasedison.com/Inventions.htm
Safety Measures
Fuse
Device containing a fine metal wire that
allows current to flow through it
•
•
•
Connected directly to the
circuits in the power box
Wire melts to break current
if overload occurs
CANNOT be reused
Chapter 4.1
Electricity
Principles of Electricity
Safety Measures
Circuit Breaker
Reusable device that breaks the flow of
current when an overload occurs
•
•
•
Connects directly to the circuits
in the power box
Contains two pieces of metal
that make contact with each
other
Separates the pieces to break
the circuit if the flow of current
is too high
Chapter 4.1
Electricity
Principles of Electricity
Safety Measures
Grounding Wire
Designed to protect you when operating
certain kinds of appliances
• 3-wire system
• Special wire prevents excess flow
•
of current from going to user
Any appliance requiring this
protection has a three-prong plug
Chapter 4.1
Electricity
Principles of Electricity
Safety Measures
Shock
If a person comes in contact with electric current:
1
Knock person out of circuit by using
an insulator (broom, plastic brush or
plastic garbage pail)
2
Unplug appliance using insulator
to avoid circuit
3
Rush to power box and turn off all
circuit breakers
Chapter 4.1
Electricity
Principles of Electricity
Safety Measures
Local Shock
Passes through a
small part of the body
Procedure
1. Immerse burn in cold water
immediately; wait until the
burn is completely “cold”
and swelling has stopped
2. Blot dry and apply an
antiseptic cream
3. Take person to the hospital
if burn is severe
Chapter 4.1
Electricity
Principles of Electricity
Safety Measures
General Shock
Passes through
the entire body
Procedures
1. Break the circuit before
touching person
2. Dial 911
3. Start CPR; continue until
emergency team arrives
Chapter 4.1
Electricity
Principles of Electricity
Safety Measures
Emergency Procedures for Electrical Fires
• Remember: DO NOT PUT WATER ON IT
• Turn off the circuit
• Smother the fire with rug, towel, powder, or
a fire extinguisher
Chapter 4.1
Electricity
Principles of Electricity
Safety Measures
Beyond the Book
Some common electrical terms were
named after people.
Principles of Electricity Self-Check
On a sheet of paper numbered 1-8, answer the
following questions.
1. Materials that best transport electricity
are called conductors.
2. Materials that DO NOT allow a current to
pass through them are called prisms.
Chapter 4.1
Electricity
Principles of Electricity
Principles of Electricity Self-Check
3. The unit of electric strength is called an amp.
4. The unit of electric pressure is called an ohm.
Chapter 4.1
Electricity
Principles of Electricity
Principles of Electricity Self-Check
5. The two forms of electrical current are:
a. AC and DC
b. AD and BC
c. AB and CD
d. hot and cold
6. The name for the measure of how
much electrical energy is being used is
called ___________.
Chapter 4.1
Electricity
Principles of Electricity
Principles of Electricity Self-Check
7. What type of shock passes through the
nervous system?
a. local
b. direct
c. indirect
d. general
8. A shock that passes through a small part of
the body is called a _________________.
Chapter 4.1
Electricity
Principles of Electricity
Know Chart
As you correct your answers, evaluate your progress. Create a
Know Chart with 2 columns. Place correct answers from the
Self-Check under the “I Know” column. Then place incorrect
answers under the “I Need to Study” column.
I Need to Study:
I Know:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Chapter 4.1
Electricity
Principles of Electricity
Principles of Electricity Self-Check
Now check your work.
Observe each of the False statements become True.
1. Materials that best transport electricity
are called conductors.
Chapter 4.1
Electricity
Principles of Electricity
Principles of Electricity Self-Check
2. Materials that DO NOT allow a current to pass
through are called prisms.
Insulators are materials that DO NOT
allow currents to pass through them.
Chapter 4.1
Electricity
Principles of Electricity
Principles of Electricity Self-Check
3. The unit of electric strength is called an amp.
Chapter 4.1
Electricity
Principles of Electricity
Principles of Electricity Self-Check
4. The unit of electric pressure is called an ohm.
A volt is a unit of electric pressure.
An ohm is a unit of electric resistance.
Chapter 4.1
Electricity
Principles of Electricity
Principles of Electricity Self-Check
5. The two forms of electrical current are:
a. AC and DC
b. AD and BC
c. AB and CD
d. hot and cold
6. The name for the measure of how
much electrical energy is being used is
watt
called ___________.
Chapter 4.1
Electricity
Principles of Electricity
Principles of Electricity Self-Check
7. What type of shock passes through the
nervous system?
a. local
b. direct
c. indirect
d. general
8. A shock that passes through a small part of
local shock
the body is called a _________________.
Chapter 4.1
Electricity
Principles of Electricity
Lessons Learned
Vocabulary of Electricity
 Electricity is a form of energy that

produces light, heat, magnetic and
chemical changes

 Electric current is the movement of
electricity along a path called a conductor

 Load is the technical name of any
electrically powered appliance

 Conductor is a material that allows
electricity to flow through it easily
Chapter 4.1
Electricity
Principles of Electricity
Lessons Learned
Vocabulary of Electricity

 Insulator is material that does not allow
the flow of electric current

 Amp is a unit of electric strength

 Volt is a unit of electric pressure

 Ohm is a unit of electric resistance

 Watt is a measure of how much electrical
energy is being used
Chapter 4.1
Electricity
Principles of Electricity
Lessons Learned
Safety Measures

 Safety devices are installed in many
appliances and buildings because of the
possibility of overloads and short circuits
Electrotherapy

 Electrotherapy is the application of
electrical currents during treatments to skin
Chapter 4.1
Electricity
Principles of Electricity
IT’S 2 U!
Make a diagram showing the flow of
electrons from a source to an electric
appliance commonly used in the salon.
Chapter 4.1
Electricity
Principles of Electricity
IT’S 2 U!
Example
Chapter 4.1
Electricity
Principles of Electricity
Electricity
Effects of
Electric Current
2
Electricity In
Cosmetology
Electrotherapy
Light Therapy
Chapter 4.2
Electricity
Electricity In Cosmetology
Effects of Electric Current
How is electricity used in the picture below?
Chapter 4.2
Electricity
Electricity In Cosmetology
Effects of Electric Current
Click on the card to view the definition of the key term.
Click on the definition to reveal the key term.
Galvanic
Current
Tesla
Direct current
of low voltage
and high
amperage
Alternating
current; known
as “violet-ray”
Faradic
Current
Radiation
Alternating
current,
stimulates
nerve and
muscle tissue
Transfer of
heat through a
vacuum
Effects of Electric Current
Click on the card to view the definition of the key term.
Click on the definition to reveal the key term.
Visible
Light
Ultraviolet
Rays
Portion of
electromagnetic
spectrum that
humans can
see
Shortwavelength
rays that can
be damaging to
the skin
Infrared
Light
Heat-producing
invisible light
beyond red on
the spectrum
Phoresis
The process of
forcing acid or
alkali into the
skin by
applying
current
Effects of Electric Current
Click on the card to view the definition of the key term.
Click on the definition to reveal the key term.
Sinusoidal
Current
Electrotherapy
Alternating
current;
produces
muscle
contractions
Application of
special currents
that have certain
effects on the
skin
Anode
Cathode
Positively
charged
electrode
Negatively
charged
electrode
Effects of Electric Current
Click on the card to view the definition of the key term.
Click on the definition to reveal the key term.
Anaphoresis
Cataphoresis
Forcing of
alkaline
solution into
skin with a
negative
electrode
Forcing of
acidic solution
into skin with a
positive
electrode
Conduction
Transfer of
heat via direct
contact
Convection
Transfer of
heat via liquid
or gas
Effects of Electric Current
Click on the card to view the definition of the key term.
Click on the definition to reveal the key term.
Light
Therapy
Production of
beneficial effects
on the body
through the use
of light rays or
waves
White light
Visible,
combination
light that can
be broken into
its wavelengths
by a prism
Effects of Electric Current
Heating
• More resistance
equals more heat
• Heating elements
heat up with the flow
of current
Mechanical or
Magnetic
• Push-pull effect
causes motor to turn
Electrochemical
• Electric current travels
through a water-based
solution to produce
relaxing or stimulating
effects
Chapter 4.2
Electricity
Electricity In Cosmetology
Beyond the Book
Effects of Electric Current
If your hair stands up in a storm, positive
charges are rising through you and
reaching toward the negatively charged
part of the storm.
That's not a good sign! Your best bet is to
get yourself indoors immediately.
http://news.nationalgeographic.com
Electrotherapy
• Application of special currents (modalities)
•
that have certain ALERT!
effects on the skin
A person with any
Electrode – safe
contact point through
potentially restrictive
medical
condition
which current can
pass
to client
should always consult
a physician before
receiving
electrotherapy
treatment.
Chapter 4.2
Electricity
Electricity In Cosmetology
Electrotherapy
Galvanic Current
• Oldest form of electrotherapy
• Direct current of low voltage and high
•
•
amperage
A special appliance is necessary to
convert AC to DC
Chemical effects are caused by passing
the current through acid or alkaline
solutions and/or by passing current
through body tissues and fluids
Chapter 4.2
Electricity
Electricity In Cosmetology
Electrotherapy
Phoresis
• Process of forcing an acid or alkali into the
•
•
skin by applying current to the chemical
Most typical application of Galvanic current
Referred to as “bleaching the skin”
Chapter 4.2
Electricity
Electricity In Cosmetology
Electrotherapy
Anaphoresis
Uses a negative (-) pole to force
alkaline solutions into the skin
• Produces alkaline reaction
• Increases blood flow
• Softens tissues
• Stimulates nerves
Chapter 4.2
Electricity
Electricity In Cosmetology
Electrotherapy
Cataphoresis
Uses a positive (+) pole to force
acidic solutions into the skin
• Produces acidic reaction
• Slows blood flow
• Hardens tissues
• Soothes nerves
Chapter 4.2
Electricity
Electricity In Cosmetology
Electrotherapy
Galvanic Current
•
•
•
•
•
Apply active electrode to the client
Instruct client to hold the inactive electrode
Wrap both electrodes in moist cotton
Never use more than one milliampere of current
Also used for iontophoresis and desincrustation
NEVER use the Galvanic current over an area
having many broken capillaries.
Chapter 4.2
Electricity
Electricity In Cosmetology
Electrotherapy
Faradic Current
Alternating current, interrupted to produce a
mechanical, non-chemical reaction
•
•
•
•
•
Stimulates nerve and muscle tissue
Improves blood circulation
Improves muscle tone
Stimulates hair growth
Increases glandular activity
Chapter 4.2
Electricity
Electricity In Cosmetology
Electrotherapy
Faradic Current
Indirect Method
•
•
Most frequently used faradic current application
•
•
Second electrode is held by client or attached to lower neck
•
Facial massage is performed when the current reaches
desired level
Salon professional wears wrist band with moistened
electrode
Salon professional places fingers on client’s face before
turning on current to prevent shock
Chapter 4.2
Electricity
Electricity In Cosmetology
Electrotherapy
Faradic Current
Direct Method
• Place both electrodes on client’s skin
• BE CERTAIN THAT THEY NEVER TOUCH
• Turn on current and slowly increase only after electrodes
are in place
•
Current travels through the motor nerves between the
electrodes, causing muscle stimulation
Chapter 4.2
Electricity
Electricity In Cosmetology
Electrotherapy
Sinusoidal Current
Alternating current with a mechanical effect, much like
the faradic current that produces muscle contraction
•
•
•
•
Use the Indirect Method application only
Penetrates more deeply
Provides greater stimulation to treated area
Should not be used on unhealthy and/or
broken skin
Chapter 4.2
Electricity
Electricity In Cosmetology
Electrotherapy
Tesla Current
Alternating current that can be adjusted to different
voltages to produce heat
• Known as the “violet-ray”
• Results in relaxation or stimulation,
•
•
•
•
depending on method of application
Improves blood circulation
Increases rate of metabolism
Increases sebaceous glandular activity
Does not produce muscle contractions
Chapter 4.2
Electricity
Electricity In Cosmetology
Electrotherapy
Tesla Current
Direct Application
• Apply electrode directly to the client’s scalp or face
Indirect Application
• Active electrode is held by client while the
cosmetologist manually stimulates the area being
treated
• Turn off current before exchanging electrode with
client
General Electrification
• Hand electrode to client before activating current
• Switch power on; tingling or vibrating
effect is felt by client
Chapter 4.2
Electricity
Electricity In Cosmetology
Electrotherapy
Tesla Current
Cosmetology uses include:
•
•
Dry skin facial treatment – Indirect Application
•
•
Dry scalp – Indirect Application
Mild acne and/or blackhead facial treatment –
Direct Application
Scalp treatment – Direct Application
Chapter 4.2
Electricity
Electricity In Cosmetology
Electrotherapy
Precautions
General
•
•
Always read manufacturer’s directions and
follow them carefully
Electrodes should never touch each other
Galvanic, Faradic & Sinusoidal Current
•
•
•
Never take current over 1 milliampere
Make sure current is off before beginning indirect
application and before breaking contact with client
Sinusoidal treatment should not exceed 30 minutes
Chapter 4.2
Electricity
Electricity In Cosmetology
Electrotherapy
Precautions
Tesla Current
•
•
Begin with mild current, increase slowly
•
Limit treatment duration to approximately
5 minutes
Keep client out of contact with metal
during treatment
• If you use cream – it should contain NO alcohol
• Turn current on AFTER client is holding electrode
• Turn off current before removing electrode
Chapter 4.2
Electricity
Electricity In Cosmetology
Electrotherapy
Heat Energy
Heat always moves from a hotter body to a cooler
body and can be transferred by:
• Conduction – direct contact
• Convection – liquid or gas
• Radiation – through a vacuum
Effects of heat:
• Mild – relaxes muscles, increases blood circulation
• Intense – destroys cells and tissues
• Pyrolysis is the chemical breakdown of the skin
caused by intense heat
Chapter 4.2
Electricity
Electricity In Cosmetology
Electrotherapy
Beyond the Book
Take a look at some of the first
technologies used by the father of
electrical energy, Nikola Tesla.
http://www.electrotherapymuseum.com
Light Therapy
Production of beneficial effects on the body
through treatments using light rays or waves.
Chapter 4.2
Electricity
Electricity In Cosmetology
Light Therapy
Electromagnetic radiation is the wave-like patterns
caused by the transfer of heat energy by radiation.
•
•
Wavelength – measurement of waves from
crest to crest
–
Shorter wavelength = more energy (x-ray)
–
Longer wavelength = less energy (heat lamps)
Electromagnetic spectrum – range of all the
wavelengths produced by radiant energy
Chapter 4.2
Electricity
Electricity In Cosmetology
Light Therapy
Visible Light
•
Portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that
humans can see
•
Waves are either absorbed or reflected
–
Reflected waves are interpreted as color
Chapter 4.2
Electricity
Electricity In Cosmetology
Light Therapy
Visible Light
•
White light – combination light that is broken
into individual wavelengths by a prism
•
Visible spectrum
– Longest wavelengths produce red
– Shortest wavelengths produce violet
•
Two kinds of salon lights produce “white light”:
–
Fluorescent – bluer tones or cooler casts
–
Incandescent – redder tones or warmer casts
Chapter 4.2
Electricity
Electricity In Cosmetology
Light Therapy
Invisible Light
• Eighty percent (80%) of sunlight is composed of
•
invisible rays beyond red (infrared)
Eight percent (8%) of natural sunlight is composed of
invisible rays beyond violet (ultraviolet)
Chapter 4.2
Electricity
Electricity In Cosmetology
Light Therapy
Infrared Light
• Produces heat
• Exposure times during a facial range from 5 to 15 minutes
• Place light at least 30” from the client’s face
• MUST cover eyes with eye pads or protective eye forms
Benefits include:
• Increased circulation
• Increased skin gland secretions
• Relaxation of muscles
• Stimulation of cell and tissue activity
Chapter 4.2
Electricity
Electricity In Cosmetology
Light Therapy
Ultraviolet Light
• Shorter wavelengths - more damaging than infrared rays
• Positive effects on the skin
– Small doses tan the skin and aid in production of Vitamin D
– Kills bacteria that causes skin infections (germicidal)
– Promotes healing and is used in the treatment of acne
•
Negative effects of overexposure
– Sunburned skin, damaged eyes, photochemically damaged hair
– Can result in skin cancer
– Tanning in excess causes dry, leathery skin, peeling, itching,
wrinkling, sagging and permanent discoloration
•
ALWAYS wear protective eyewear during UV therapy
Chapter 4.2
Electricity
Electricity In Cosmetology
Light Therapy
Beyond the Book
“Winter Blues”
Symptoms:
• Low energy
• Excessive sleep
• Over-eating
• Weight gain
• Severe depression
What to do?
• Doctors have learned to treat
this seasonal depression and jet
lag by using a simple device
called a light box
How it works?
• Sends images to the brain
• Eyes tell pineal gland (small
pea-sized gland located in the
brain) when the day is over
• Gland induces drowsiness by
secreting melatonin
• Influences moods, hunger
and metabolism
www.eyesite.ca
Electricity in Cosmetology Self-Check
On a sheet of paper numbered 1-8, answer the
following questions.
1. Tesla is the direct current used in
electrotherapy treatments.
2. Cataphoresis uses a positive electrode to
force acidic solutions into the skin without
breaking the skin.
Chapter 4.2
Electricity
Electricity in Cosmetology
Electricity in Cosmetology Self-Check
3. Treatment with light rays is called light therapy.
4. The chemical breakdown of the skin caused by
intense heat is called vaporizing.
Chapter 4.2
Electricity
Electricity In Cosmetology
Electricity in Cosmetology Self-Check
5. Which type of light can create blue or cool tones?
a. invisible
b. sunlight
c. fluorescent
d. incandescent
6. The average distance you should place an infrared
lamp during a facial is about ______ inches.
Chapter 4.2
Electricity
Electricity In Cosmetology
Electricity in Cosmetology Self-Check
7. Which of the following types of light has
the shortest wavelength?
a. red
b. violet
c. infrared
d. ultraviolet
8. Overexposure to what type of light can
result in skin cancer?
a. visible
b. ultraviolet
c. fluorescent
d. incandescent
Chapter 4.2
Electricity
Electricity In Cosmetology
Know Chart
As you correct your answers, evaluate your progress. Create a
Know Chart with 2 columns. Place correct answers from the
Self-Check under the “I Know” column. Then place incorrect
answers under the “I Need to Study” column.
I Need to Study:
I Know:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Chapter 4.2
Electricity
Electricity in Cosmetology
Principles of Electricity Self-Check
Now check your work.
Observe as each of the False statements become True.
1. Tesla is the direct current used in
electrotherapy treatments.
The direct current used in electrotherapy
treatments is galvanic current.
Chapter 4.2
Electricity
Electricity in Cosmetology
Principles of Electricity Self-Check
2. Cataphoresis uses a positive electrode to
force acidic solutions into the skin without
breaking the skin.
Chapter 4.2
Electricity
Electricity in Cosmetology
Electricity in Cosmetology Self-Check
3. Treatment with light rays is called light therapy.
Chapter 4.2
Electricity
Electricity In Cosmetology
Electricity in Cosmetology Self-Check
4. The chemical breakdown of the skin caused by
intense heat is called vaporizing.
Pyrolysis is the chemical breakdown of
the skin caused by intense heat.
Chapter 4.2
Electricity
Electricity In Cosmetology
Electricity in Cosmetology Self-Check
5. Which type of light can create blue or cool tones?
a. invisible
b. sunlight
c. fluorescent
d. incandescent
6. The average distance you should place an infrared
30 inches.
lamp during a facial is about ______
Chapter 4.2
Electricity
Electricity In Cosmetology
Electricity in Cosmetology Self-Check
7. Which of the following types of light has
the shortest wavelength?
a. red
b. violet
c. infrared
d. ultraviolet
8. Overexposure to what type of light can
result in skin cancer?
a. visible
b. ultraviolet
c. fluorescent
d. incandescent
Chapter 4.2
Electricity
Electricity In Cosmetology
Lessons Learned
Effects of Electric Current

 Effects of electric current are heating,
mechanical or magnetic and
electrochemical
Electrotherapy
 Electrotherapy is the application of special

currents (modalities) that have certain
effects on the skin
Chapter 4.2
Electricity
Electricity In Cosmetology
Lessons Learned
Electrotherapy: Galvanic Current

 Direct current of low voltage and
high amperage

 Chemical effects are caused by passing the
current though particular acid or alkaline
solutions and/or passing current through
body tissues and fluids
Chapter 4.2
Electricity
Electricity In Cosmetology
Lessons Learned
Electrotherapy: Faradic Current

 Alternating current, interrupted to produce
a mechanical, non-chemical reaction

 Stimulates nerve and muscle tissue
Electrotherapy: Sinusoidal Current
 Alternating current with a mechanical effect


 Produces muscle contractions
Chapter 4.2
Electricity
Electricity In Cosmetology
Lessons Learned
Electrotherapy: Tesla Current
 High frequency current known as violet ray

 Relaxation or stimulation, depending on

method of application

 Does NOT produce muscle contractions
Chapter 4.2
Electricity
Electricity In Cosmetology
Lessons Learned
Light Therapy

 Production of beneficial effects on the body
through treatments using light rays or waves
 Visible light is the portion of the

electromagnetic spectrum that humans see

 The wavelengths that produce red are the
longest waves of the visible spectrum

 Fluorescent and incandescent light are two
kinds of light produced in the salon
Chapter 4.2
Electricity
Electricity In Cosmetology
IT’S 2 U!
The following sound association activity can be used
to help remember the differences between the types
of electrotherapy used in the salon.
1. Galvanic current – Make a low, steady “hum” sound.
This will symbolize a direct current flowing in one,
constant direction represented by the monotony of the
low, steady “hum”.
2. Faradic current – Make a high-pitched “zit, zit” sound
similar to a high-speed drill used by a dentist. This is
done to represent an alternating current which provides
minimal penetration of the skin.
Chapter 4.2
Electricity
Electricity In Cosmetology
IT’S 2 U!
The following sound association activity can be used
to help remember the differences between the types
of electrotherapy used in the salon.
3. Sinusoidal current – Make a low, guttural “zoot, zoot”
sound similar to many bull frogs in a swamp. This is
done to represent an alternating current capable of
producing deeper penetration of the skin.
4. Tesla current – Blow out through the lips making a
“pluugh” sound similar to that of a child playing with a car
mimicking the car engine. Tesla is an alternating current
able to cause vibration. “Feel” the vibration of your lips
as you make the “pluugh” sound.
Chapter 4.2
Electricity
Electricity In Cosmetology
Electricity Self-Test
On a sheet of paper numbered 1-10, answer the
following questions.
1. The movement of electricity along a
conductor is called:
a. voltage
b. wattage
c. conductance
d. electric current
Chapter 4
Electricity
Electricity Self-Test
2. Materials such as glass and paper do not allow
electricity to flow through them and are called:
a. loads
b. insulators
c. open circuits
d. closed circuits
Chapter 4
Electricity
Electricity Self-Test
3. An ampere is a unit of electric:
a. pressure
b. strength
c. resistance
d. frequency
Chapter 4
Electricity
Electricity Self-Test
4. A volt is a unit of electric:
a. pressure
b. strength
c. resistance
d. frequency
Chapter 4
Electricity
Electricity Self-Test
5. A unit of electrical resistance is called a(n):
a. ohm
b. volt
c. watt
d. insulator
Chapter 4
Electricity
Electricity Self-Test
6. The two forms of electrical current are:
a. AB & DC
b. AC & DC
c. AD & BC
d. hot & cold
Chapter 4
Electricity
Electricity Self-Test
7. Which of the following is NOT an effect of
electric current?
a. heating effect
b. cooling effect
c. magnetic effect
d. electrochemical effect
Chapter 4
Electricity
Electricity Self-Test
8. The direct current used in electrotherapy
treatments is:
a. Tesla
b. Faradic
c. Galvanic
d. Sinusoidal
Chapter 4
Electricity
Electricity Self-Test
9. High frequency and alternating current are
characteristics of which type of electrotherapy?
a. Tesla
b. Galvanic
c. Sinusoidal
d. direct current
Chapter 4
Electricity
Electricity Self-Test
10. Which type of light can create blue or
cool tones?
a. sunlight
b. invisible
c. fluorescent
d. incandescent
Chapter 4
Electricity
Electricity Self-Test
Time to check the self-test
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
d.
b.
b.
a.
a.
electric current
insulators
strength
pressure
ohm
Chapter 4
Electricity
Electricity Self-Test
Time to check the self-test
6.
7.
8.
9.
b.
b.
c.
a.
AC & DC
cooling effect
Galvanic
Tesla
10. c. fluorescent
Chapter 4
Electricity
In conclusion...