LEADING AND MOTIVATION
1
2
3
4
5
Leadership Matters, Character Matters
Influence others toward goal and achievement of
those goals
Process where an individual influences others to
do what s/he wants them to do
“A leader is a person who has the ability to get
other people to do what they don’t want to do
and like it” - Harry Truman
Leading is a function held and carried out by
leaders and leading is a key to effective
communication
 Why do people follow?
 Why do people lead?
 Why are some people successful and why are
some unsuccessful?
 Psychological contract (Schein, 1970) and
have expectations of things in return
 Influenced by how view authority and past
experiences
Leadership is broader than
managerial functions
Managing and leading
Manager and leader
Management and leadership
Management and Leadership
 Two distinctive and complementary systems
 Ideal world, they’re balanced, and integrated
 One person is both
 Good leader is made not born
 A good leader needs to manage, but not always
the case, sometimes more necessary than
others
Corporate Environment
 Roles – a set of tasks and responsibilities
that have a powerful effect on human
behavour
 Relationship – within the whole
organization i.e. culture and climate
Leadership Models
There are four (4) Framework Approach (Bolman, Lee
and Deal (1991) :
1. Structural Framework – as social architect i.e. to
conduct analyst and create design on matters such
as structure, strategy, environment, implementation,
experimentation and adaptation.
2. Human Resource Framework - as a catalyst and
servant i.e. to support, advocate and allow
empowerment. Believe in people and communicate
with them.
Leadership Models
There are four (4) Framework Approach (Bolman, Lee
and Deal (1991) :
3. Political Framework – is in support of coalition /
work together or team building. Clarify what they
expect and what to receive and assess distribution of
power and build support from others like
stakeholders
4. Symbolic Framework - as an inspiration to others
in the organization like a mirror and organization like
a theater. They try to impress and communicate
vision.
Leadership Models
In Islamic management, leadership is based in
the doctrine of Tawheed and the best example
in the Prophet Muhammad SAW / PBUH.
A successful Muslim leader must among others to
have:
 Challenge the process - to improve
 Inspire a shared vision – a vision that
everybody is understood
Leadership Models
 Enable others to act – empowerment and with
proper guidance
 Model the direction – involve in good and bad
times in any task that needs to be carried out
 Encourage the heart – share the victories and
glorified the good experiences by the
organization together with the followers but
keep the pain in one heart.
Four types of leaders
 Authoritarian leader – task oriented
and expected people to carry out work as
instructed and focus on faults rather on
results. Difficult to get along with
subordinates.
 Team leader – leads by positive example
and involves as a team. Encourage to
achieve goals together. This leader lead
the most productive team
Four types of leaders
 Country club leader – applies power to
maintain discipline and to encourage a
team to achieve goals.
 Hopeless leader – applies delegation
and disappear management. Not
committed seriously to achieve goals.
Allow team members to carry out as they
wish and prefer. Suffer power struggle.
18
19
What is motivation?
Why motivation?
Importance of motivation
Better motivation
How to be motivated?
An inferred process within an animal or
an individual that causes that organism
to move towards a goal or an inner forces
of an individual that stimulate
enthusiasm and perseverance to achieve
a certain goals.
Motivation in Latin means “movere”
which means to move
Need, Drive
Goal
Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs
Self Actualization
Esteem needs
Belongingness & love needs
Safety needs
Physiological needs:
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
 Abraham Maslow
 He found teams made better workers and better workers
made better teams
 Creativity flowed from ambiguity
 Knowledge breads knowledge
 Used term “Synergy” to describe self-reinforcing process and
wrote:
 “The more influence and power you give to someone else
in the team situation, the more you have for yourself”
 “Business was not a “chain of links or a chain of cause and
effect, but rather a web in which every part is related to
every other part”
 Urged pursuit of “continued improvement”
Motivation Theories
 Part of leadership process by which someone gets
another to do what s/he wants to do
 For this it helps to know what motivates people
 Motivation – understanding the construct is closely
linked to leadership
 Motivation is traced back to the 1930s (Murray)
 Simple terms – has to do with one’s willingness to
do something
 Relates to need satisfaction and behavior is goal
oriented.
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
 People are motivated on the basis of five classes of
needs ordered in hierarchy of power or force
 Once lower order needs are satisfied externally,
other levels become more important and then motivate
and dominant behavior
 Higher order are satisfied internally
Perceive reality accurately
Tolerate uncertainty
Accept oneself without guilt or anxiety
Solve problems effectively
Possess a strong social awareness
Develop meaningful interpersonal
relationships
Relatively independent of environment
& culture
• Do it now
• Break up the task into small steps
• Don’t wait for mood or inspiration
• Start action
• Solutions will follow if you try





Find new skills
Develop & train them
Get feedback on their performance
Expand their ability to work
Rotate their work
Leads them
Real examples are quicker than advice
Way to influencing people
Appeal to benefits
Can motivate
Mutual benefits to both of you
Appeal to emotions
People act quickly to emotions
Positive manner
Sustained by repeated inputs
Appeal to needs & wants
basic needs satisfaction
Creative expression, recognition &
challenges & love
Appeal to expertise
Abilities enhance his self-worth
Put best effort to seek approval
•It views motivation from the knowledge of
the revealed sources i.e. Al-Quran and AlHadith i.e. Tawheed and Akhirat
•Motivation through religion and cultural
heritage
•Every human endeavor or work is
worshipping i.e. ibadah and it is as a
powerful force of motivation.
Spiritual inclined person as a Muslim
concerned with the following:
• Nafs Ammarah – negative motivation due
to worries, lack of confidence and do not
respect the right of others and normally
disobedience to Allah SWT e.g. do not pray
etc.
•Nafs Lawwamah – self-motivated and view work as
challenging, meaningful and opportunity for personal
advancement. Normally at this level of motivation still
mix with good and bad motivation but quickly realized
the mistakes and quickly correct it.
•Nafs Mutmainnah – high level of motivation and
offers work with full satisfaction purely for the sake of
Allah SWT. Treats work as professional and always
purifying one’s soul.
Maqasid al- Shariah or Purpose of Islamic
Law as a basis of Motivation
The Ashbah /
Probable values
Taysir/Tawassu
Darurat
Hajat
Supplementary
Supplementary
Tahsinat
Supplementary
Supplementary
Tahsinat
Texts
Texts
Texts
36
Maqasid al- Shariah or Purpose of Islamic
Law
The five purposes above are designated as;
 Darurat – necessities and the primary purposes
of the law,
 Hajat – needs
 Tawassu’ – seek to establish ease
 Taysiir – and facility
 Tahsiinaat – complementary values.
37
38
“The only people that fail in their
endeavors are those who quit
prematurely or simply never try at
all.”
Anonymous
 Winners are
generally
ordinary
people with
extraordinary
perseverance
40
41
Team Building
DYNAMIC TEAM
BUILDING GAME
Let’s GO!
Team Building: Why is it Needed?
Most of the Work In Any Field
Accomplished in Groups:
Together
Everybody
Achieves
More
“A candle loses nothing by lighting
another candle.” (Erin Majors)
…so as a Muslim helping others will be
rewarded by ALLAH SWT….so be kind
to help others who in need help!!!
…Kerana semua yang kita ada (apa jua)
adalah milik ALLAH SWT
45
What Have You Learned?
 The way we see the world is not neccessarily the way
other people see the world.
 People do not see as it is; they see it as they are - or as
they have been conditioned to be.
 Almost always this kind of perception experience
causes people to be humbled and to be much more
respectful, more reverent, more open to
understanding.
- Dr. Stephen R.Covey
47
The next season,
when you see the geese migrating,
going to a warmer place,
to sort the winter...
Pay attention that they fly in a “V” formation
Maybe you will be interested in knowing
Why they do it this way...
48
49