EKT 422
Computer Organization and Architecture
Lecturer:
En. Muhammad Imran Ahmad
m.imran@unimap.edu.my
Tel: 019-4267902 / 04-9798439
En. Mohd Nazrin Md Isa
Text Book
FPGA/UP3/Quartus II
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http://users.ece.gatech.edu/~hamblen/UP3/
Books
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William Stallings, “Computer Organization and Architecture”,
Seventh Edition, Prentice-Hall. (Text book)
M. Morris Mano, “Computer System Architecture”, Third Edition,
Prentice-Hall.
VHDL
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Stephan Brown, “Fundamentals of Digital Logic
Design: VHDL Design” , McGraw-Hill Education.
http://www.opencores.org/browse.cgi/by_category
Course synopsis
This subject will focus on the computer system with various
design of interface techniques, organisation an
architecture. The syllabus will covered the theory of basic
computer system, format of instruction set, memory
organization and arithmetic logic unit as well as certain
issues of designing such as bus structure, parallel
processing, pipelining and memory management. The
student are required to design a simple CPU during a Lab
session by using Quartus II software provided by Altera.
The lab session will complement the theories given in
lectures. FPGA trainer board will be used as a design
platform in the lab
Course Outcome/Objective
• Understand the theory and the architecture of a
central processing unit
• Ability to analyze some of design issues in term
of speed, technology, cost and performance
• Ability to design a simple CPU with applying the
theory and knowledge in the lecture
• Ability to use appropriate CAD tool to design,
verify and test the CPU architecture
Final Exam (50%)
Coursework (50%)
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•
•
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Lab Assessment = 10%
Written Test 1 = 10%
Written Test 2 = 10%
Mini project + viva = 20%
- Design your own CPU (individual project)
- software VHDL
- Target Platform: ALTERA UP3
At the end of the course you should know how to design
YOUR OWN CPU inside FPGA
Organization and architecture
• Architecture -- refers to those attributes of a system visible
to a programmer or those attributes that have a direct
impact on the logical execution of a program.
- instruction set, number of bits used for data
representation, I/O mechanism, addressing technique.
• Organization – refers to the operational unit and their
interconnections that realize the architectural specification
-- control signal, interface to peripherals, memory
technology.
Structure and function
• Structure – The way in which the components relate to
each other. E.g. connection between ALU and control
unit, connection between Instruction register and
instruction decoder.
• Function – The operation of each individual component
as part of structure. E.g. How the ALU, Instruction
register and instruction decoder work.
Function
These are the basic functions that a computer can perform.
- Data processing
- Data storage
- Data movement
- Control
Cont..
• Process data – data can be a variety of forms, and the
range of processing requirements is broad. There are only a
few fundamental methods of data processing ( refer ALU ).
• Store data – computer must temporarily store at least those
pieces of data that are being worked on at any given
moment at least a short-term data storage function
(temporary register) and also long-term data storage
function (store File).
• Move data – comp must be able to move data between
itself and outside world. Device directly connected to
computer is called peripheral. If data are moved over longer
distances, the process is known data communication.
• Control – Control of three function above, and given by
individuals who provides the computer with instruction.
Figure below depicts the four possible types of operations.
Structure
There are four main components in a computer structure:
- Central processing unit(CPU) – controls the operation
of the computer and performs its data processing
functions.
- Main memory – stores data
- I/O – moves data between the computer and its external
environment
- System interconnection – some mechanism that
provides for communication among CPU, main memory
and I/O.
Traditionally a computer consist of single CPU, but in
recent years, there has been increasing use of multiple
processors in single computer.
The computer: Top-Level structure
The central processing unit
Control unit – controls the
operation of the CPU and
hence the computer.
ALU – perform data processing
function
Register – provides storage
internal to CPU
CPU interconnection –
mechanism provides
communication among the
control unit, ALU and register.
Any Question !!!!!!
OR
Quiz !!!
Sketch the internal connection of a Simple CPU
and explain in detail how it works
What are the differences between single core
technology and multi core technology.
Give 10 advantages of 8 bit processor and 64
bit processor.