Chapter 5 Review
Pregnancy
-Nutrition Needs: Folate, Iron, Zinc are essential to pregnant women. They need
to increase the consumption of these micronutrients.
-Caloric Needs: During the second and third trimester of a pregnancy, woman’s
caloric intake needs need increase to support the baby’s growth and
development.
-Food to Avoid During Pregancy: Raw fish, Undercooked meat, poultry, seafood,
Food with raw or lightly cooked eggs, Raw sprouts, Unpasteurized milk products,
juices.
-Factors Affecting Nutritional Food Choices: Living in poverty, Living in a
geographically isolated area, Being a pregnant teenager, Being affected by
substance abuse or family violence, Lacking a good support system.
Infancy
-The first milk a woman produces is called colostrum.
-Differences between breastfeeding and bottle-feeding: Babies who are fed only
formulas do not need to take a vitamin D supplement.
-The babies needs to fed only when they seem hungry.
Childhood
-The time of the lifestyle from two years of age to piberty
-Nutrients children needs from children aged 2-13 and the food sources:
Dietary fats in nutrients-rich foods: 2%milk, peanut butter, avocado
Dietary fibre: lentils, beans, black berries, raspberries, whole-grains pabta,
brown rice, broccoli, green beans, cabbage, apples ,oranges .
Calcium: milk products, calcium fortified milk alternatives, almonds, bok
choy, white beans, red beans, broccoli.
Iron: spinach, cream of wheat, meat, poultry, fish
-Food brank: a place where dounated food is available for people in need .
-Ways encourage children to eat healthy food:
Be role models be eating nutritious foods such as vegetables and fruits.
Have patient when introducing new nutritious foods to children.
Provide healthy foods from all of the four food groups at regular times through
the day.
Adolescence
-The time of the lifespan from puberty to about eighteen years of age.
-Nutrient needs
Iron needs fluctuate throughout the lifespan, and they increase during
adolescence because of the increase in blood volume and muscle mass in the
bloody.
Calcium is critical for healthy bones, and adequate calcium intake during
adolescence can reduce the risk of fractures and osteoporosis .
Dietary fibre is essential at all stages of the lifespan.
Adulthood
Adulthood: the time of the lifespan from about nineteen years of age to about fifty
years of age
Menopause: the point in a woman’s life when she has not had her period for one
full year
Nutrient Needs
After adolescence, the caloric needs generally begin to decrease. Many of the
nutrient needs of women and men are the same in adulthood.
Women:

Folic acid: After they got pregnant, this would help to reduce the baby’s risk
of developing spina bifida.

Iron: lost during menstruation
Men:

Lycopene: associated with preventing prostate cancer
Women and men:

Calcium: help women and men balance the loss of bone mass

Vitamin D: is needed for the absorption of calcium and is essential for good
health

Fiber: lower cholesterol

Omega-3 fatty acids: lower the risk of developing cardiovascular disease and
some cancers.

Antioxidants: lower the risk of developing several diseases, including
cardiovascular disease, cancer and cataracts.
Factors:

Economic and geography

Social
Later Life
Life expectancy: how long a person can expect to live based on statistics
Later life: the time of the lifespan from about fifty-one years of age
Nutritional Needs:

Total caloric intake: fewer calories are needed to meet the body’s energy
requirements.

Protein: it is essential in building and repairing tissues, including muscles
and bones, and helps prevent muscle weakening and bone fragility.

Calcium: adequate calcium intake can slow the loss of bone mass and help
reduce the risk of developing osteoporosis.

Vitamin D: this nutrient helps the body absorb calcium and it is thought to
prevent some forms of cancer.
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
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Iron: consuming too much iron can be toxic to the liver, heart and pancreas,
and can also damage the joints.
Omega-3 fatty acids: this can decrease the risk of developing dementia.
Fiber: helping prevent heart disease, keeping cholesterol levels low and
helping prevent cancers of the digestive system are all the benefits of getting
proper amount of fiber.
Water: the need for water does not diminish with age, so seniors must be
sure to continue to drink water.