BELLWORK: Block 1
1. How did the global economic crisis in the 1890’s cause
Cubans to seek independence?
2. Who was Jose Marti?
3. How did minorities, like blacks and women, contribute
to Cuban independence?
4. Why did U.S. business leaders complain about the
situation in Cuba? What were these leaders fearful of?
5. What did the 1898 Teller Amendment rule?
6. Explain the three goals of US occupation of Cuba.
7. THINKER: How did Cubans feel about U.S.
involvement?
Jose Marti
• Dedicated his life to the promotion of
liberty, political independence for Cuba
and intellectual independence for all
Spanish Americans
• He also wrote about the threat of U.S.
expansionism into Cuba
• In his short life he was a poet, essayist,
journalist, revolutionary philosopher,
translator, professor, publisher, and
political theorist.
• The concepts of freedom, liberty, and
democracy are prominent themes in all
of his works
• Became a symbol for Cuba’s
independence from Spain, his death
became a cry for independence!
Spanish-American
War
Emergence of the U.S. in global affairs
America Becoming a World Power
• Between the 16-18th centuries, Asia (especially China and
Japan) were isolated from the rest of the world.
• Open Door Policy: Commodore Matthew Perry sailed to Tokyo
and “opened” or “negotiated” trade.
• The growth of Asian markets stimulated the U.S. economy.
America Becoming a World Power
• 1867 – U.S. seized the
Midway Islands in the
Pacific (strategic for trade
with China & Japan)
• 1867 – U.S. buys Alaska
from Russia
• Within a year after
purchase, gold, copper,
and oil are discovered in
Alaska.
Prudhoe Bay on
Alaska’s North Coast
Causes of the Spanish-American War
• Cuba had struggled for 30 years over independence from
Spain.
• Some argued Cuba was part of the U.S. - geographically
close & great economic potential (sugar)
• 1895 – Cuban rebels (led by Jose Marti) launched a fight
for independence. Spanish retaliated by placing them in
concentration camps.
• 1896 – McKinley elected President; openly supports
Cuban independence.
Causes of Sp-Am War
Worksheet due Friday!
• Part 1 (1-14): Cuban
Revolution & US
Involvement
– Latin American
Textbook
• Part 2 (15-20):
Causes of the War
– HOA Textbook
HOA 1: December 2015…..
• Blocks 1&2: Finish the Spanish-American War
– Causes of Sp-Am War Wkst due Friday!
• Monday 12/7: Status of Puerto Rico
– EA 3 practice essay due! 40 points!
• Block 1: Roosevelt’s Foreign Policy & Panama Canal
• Thursday 12/10: Taft & Wilson’s Foreign Policies
• Friday 12/11: Review & Term Card Work Time
• Monday 12/14: Term Cards due! Review Game
– Term Cards available for pickup Tuesday morning!
– All late/missing work due!
• Wednesday 12/16: Unit 2 Exam
Discussion
• Why are political cartoons valuable in
expanding the understanding of a
historical event?
• What should you look for when analyzing
a political cartoon? List as many things as
possible!
When analyzing a political cartoon, look for:
• Symbolism
– Characters, flags, items, What
do they represent? How are
they used? Where are they
placed?
• Characters
• Tone
– Somber? Serious? Sarcastic?
Anti/pro? Does it provoke an
emotion? Is it
persuasive/informative?
• Message
– What is the caption? Meaning?
How does it relate to the
historical context of the time?
– How are they represented?
What could this tell us about
the views of the time? What are
• Analysis vs. description
they doing? Why?
• Color
– Red, White, Blue, Black & White
– Don’t just describe the picture,
explain what it means! Analysis is
key!
Puck Magazine; 1901
School Begins. Uncle Sam (to his new class in Civilization). Now, children, you've got to learn
these lessons whether you want to or not! But just take a look at the class ahead of you, and
remember that, in a little while, you will feel as glad to be here as they are!
BELLWORK: Block 2
1. List five reasons why the U.S. took an interest in Cuban
affairs (pg 125)
2. How did Yellow Journalism contribute to the SpanishAmerican War?
3. Describe the characteristics of Yellow Journalism.
4. How did America’s stance on Cuba change after McKinley
was elected?
5. THINKER: Do newspapers still use Yellow Journalism
today? Should it be illegal, or is it protected under the First
Amendment? (freedom of the press)
Teller Amendment: 1898
Platt Amendment: 1901
• “The United States hereby
disclaims any disposition of
intention to exercise
sovereignty, jurisdiction, or
control over said island except
for pacification thereof, and
asserts its determination, when
that is accomplished, to leave
the government and control of
the island to its people."
• “The United States has the
right to intervene for the
preservation of Cuban
independence, the
maintenance of a government
adequate for the protection of
life, property, and individual
liberty."
The U.S.S. Maine
• U.S. Naval warship stationed in Havana harbor.
• On February 15, 1898 an explosion sunk the ship, killing
250 Americans
• Yellow journalism blamed Spain, & American people
agreed
• Yellow Journalism: exaggerated or completely false
news stories (sold more papers!)
• Scientists believe the explosion was actually caused by a
coal fire, leading to the explosion of
magazines/ammunition. Other reports link the explosion
1. scare headlines in huge print, often of minor news
2. lavish use of pictures, or imaginary drawings
3. use of faked interviews, misleading headlines,
pseudo-science, and false facts from so-called
experts
4. emphasis on full-color Sunday supplements,
usually with comic strips (which is now normal in
the U.S.)
5. dramatic sympathy with the "underdog" against the
system.
Origins of Yellow Journalism
U.S.S. Maine = WAR!
• February explosion of warship U.S.S. Maine;
Americans blame Spain
• April 11, 1898 – Congress declares Cuba’s
independence
• April 24, 1898 – Spain declares war
• U.S. also begins to focus on the Spanish territory of
the Philippines.
• Why was it necessary for the U.S. to get control of
the Philippines?
Fighting the Spanish-American War
• Cubans and Filipinos were promised independence if
they fought alongside American troops.
• Rough Riders: 1st US Volunteer Regiment; 1,250
volunteers used to fight in the Spanish-American War.
• Led by Theodore Roosevelt
• War was primarily fought in the Caribbean and the
Pacific
– Beneficial for the US and our powerful Navy
• After 10 weeks, the Spanish surrendered
Battle of San Juan Hill (Cuba)
Battle of Manila Bay
(Philippines)
End of the Spanish American War
• After the U.S. won, Spain signed an armistice (ceasefire).
• In October 1898, both countries signed the Paris Peace
Treaty
– Spain granted Independence to Cuba, Guam, Puerto
Rico and the Philippines to the U.S. for $20 million.
• Caused the collapse of the Spanish Empire
• Cuba and Philippines were eventually given complete
independence but Puerto Rico and Guam remain U.S.
territories.
The Outcome
• U.S. is now a major player in world affairs
• U.S. can create military bases around the
world
• Imperialists happy- U.S. can gain access to
foreign markets - places to sell American
goods and make money.
• Anti- Imperialists upset- felt that imperialism
rejected the American ideal of “liberty for all”
Crash Course History: SpanishAmerican War
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QfsfoF
qsFk4
CLOSURE
• In your notes, create a cause and effect chart.
• This will be review for the causes and effects
of the Spanish American War.
• Try and come up with five causes and five
effects.
• Should include both long-term and short-term
• We will discuss once you are finished!
McKinley’s Decision to annex
Philippines
• Read Source C on page 132 and respond
to the following:
– With reference to its origin and purpose,
evaluate the value and limitations of Source C
to historians studying McKinley’s decision to
annex the Philippines.
President William McKinley
• McKinley’s
presidency divided
the nation on
multiple levels
• Wealthy industrialist
• Business interests
• Imperialistic “warhawk”
• Expansionism is our
“destiny!”
McKinley’s Assassination
• On September 6, 1901, McKinley was shot at the World Fair in
Buffalo, NY by Leon Czolgosz.
• Czolgosz was a proclaimed anarchist who thought the
government was too corrupt and did not help the lower classes.
• After McKinley died, Roosevelt became the new American
President.
• He was the youngest president ever, and had completely
opposite ideals from McKinley.
• He brought happiness to the “common folk” who were fighting
for change.
• Czolgosz was executed October 29, 1901
+
=
"I killed the President because he was the enemy of the good
people – the good working people. I am not sorry for my crime.”
~ Leon Czolgosz
Imperial Debate Activity
• Clearly, Americans were not afraid to exert their
imperialistic might! Not all Americans, however, were
pleased with McKinley’s imperial policies. You will now
read about the Imperial debate using pgs. 130-132.
• After you read, describe the arguments of both sides of
the imperial debate.
• After you describe them, you will complete the “imperial
debate activity” on pg. 131 and answer the six activity
questions.