LIGO-India
An Indo-US joint mega-project concept proposal
IndIGO Consortium
(Indian Initiative in Gravitational-wave Observations)
Tarun Souradeep
IUCAA
(Spokesperson, IndIGO)
Chief Secretary, Karnataka
Bangalore
Jan 27, 2012
mega@home
A Century long Wait
• Einstein’s Gravitation (1916-2011):
 Beauty : symmetry in fundamental physics –mother of gauge theories
 & precision : matches all experimental tests till date to high precision
GW 
Astronomy
link
Gravitational Waves
-- travelling
space-time
ripples
Astrophysical systems are sources of copious GW emission:
are a fundamental
prediction
96% universe does not
Electromagnetic
signal!
•GW
emission efficiency
ofemit
mass
for BH mergers)
>>
• Existence
of GW(10%
inferred
beyond
doubt
(Nobel Prize 1993)
EM radiation via Nuclear fusion (0.05% of mass)
• Feeble
effectemitted
of GW
onfrom
a Detector
strong
sources
Energy/mass
in GW
binary >> EM
radiation
in the
lifetime
GW Hertz experiment ruled out.
• Universe is buzzing with GW signals from cores of astrophysical events
Only (SN,
astrophysical
systems
involving
huge
masses ,…
and accelerating
Bursts
GRB), mergers,
accretion,
stellar
cannibalism
very strongly are potential detectable sources of GW signals.
• Extremely Weak interaction, hence, has been difficult to detect directly
But also implies GW carry unscreened & uncontaminated signals
Principle behind direct Detection of GW
L ~ 1019 m / Hz (Achieved)  L ~ 1020 m / Hz
Era of Advanced GW detectors: 2015
Detector
Generation
Initial LIGO
(2002 -2006)
Enhanced LIGO
(2X Sensitivity)
(2009-2010)
Advanced LIGO
(10X sensitivity)
(2014 - …)
NS-NS
NS-BH
0.02
0.0006
BH-BH
10x sensitivity
10x dist reach
 1000 volume
 >> 1000X
0.0009 event
rate
(reach beyond
0.1
0.04
nearest0.07
super-
clusters)
40
10
A Day of Advanced
LIGO Observation >>
A year of Initial LIGO
20
observation
Global Network of GW Observatories improves…
1. Detection confidence 2. Duty cycle 3. Source direction 4. Polarization info.
GEO: 0.6km
LIGO-LHO: 2km+ 4km
VIRGO: 3km
future: LCGT 3 km
TAMA/CLIO
Time delays in milliseconds
India provides almost largest
possible baselines.
(Antipodal baseline 42ms)
LIGO-LLO: 4km
LIGO-India ?
LIGO-India: … the opportunity
Science Gain from Strategic Geographical Relocation
Source localization error
Courtesy:
S. Fairhurst
Launch of
Gravitational wave
Astronomy
Gravitational wave Astronomy :
vit
•Fundamental physics
•Astronomy & Astrophysics
•Cosmology
GWIC Roadmap Document
Highly MultiSchematic of Advanced LIGOdetectors
disciplinary
++
Astro
“Every single technology they’re touching they’re pushing, and there’s
a lot of different technologies they’re touching.”
(Beverly Berger, National Science Foundation Program director for gravitational physics. )
Large scale Ultra high Vacuum to be fabricated in India
10 mega -litres at nano-torr!!!
Multi-Institutional,
Multi-disciplinary
Consortium Nodal Institutions
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
CMI, Chennai
Delhi University
IISER, Kolkata
IISER, TVM
IISER, Pune
IIT Madras (EE)
IIT Kanpur (EE)
IUCAA, Pune
RRCAT, Indore
IPR, Ahmedabad
Members from
• TIFR Mumbai
• IISc, Bangalore
• RRI, Bangalore
• …
Why is LIGO-India such an Attractive
Indian Science Project?
• India leads high visibility, fundamental science expt. that
has huge (international) public appeal !!!
• Indian academia and industry would be working together
• The project provides high-technology goals that sharpen &
showcase the abilities of Indian institutions and industry.
• The project will lead to significant human resources
development (HRD@home) in academic, technical and
industrial spheres. Produce highly skilled S & T workforce for
India
• Jobs at all levels for region hosting LIGO-India. Proximity to
world class science
LIGO-India: … current snapshot
National level DST-DAE Consortium Flagship Mega-project (?)
 IUCAA is prepared to be the lead institute as the key-science
stake holder
It would have support from National DAE labs such as IPR &
RRCAT (Possibly BARC, …?) Explicit statements from Director, RRCAT & Director, IPR
 Project leader : Search Committee of NSC chair +lead institutes (Prof.
Kaw IPR, Prof. Gupta RRCAT), IndIGO chair – chaired by AKK, IUCAA.
 Training programs & HRD initiated – short term, & long term. IUCAA
playing key role in this. Can be scaled up once LIGO-India is approved
Construction: Substantial Engg project building. Indian capability in
large vacuum system engg, welding techniques and technology Exists (IPR,
RRCAT: LIGO team assessment)
 Site
LIGO-India: … Site requirement
LIGO-India: … the challenges
Indian Site
Primary Requirements:
• Flat terrain (minimal earthmoving expense)
• Low seismicity (events but also backgrounds)
• Low human generated noise
• Air connectivity
• Proximity to Academic institutions, labs, industry preferred, …
 Challakere site seems to be positive at preliminary assesment
• Identify potential sites not too far from existing facilities
• Basic topograph maps, weather data, …
• Need to carry out seismic survey to get ground noise
spectral density at 0.1-10 Hz range
• Few interesting possibilities are under investigation
Option
•Acquire modest extra
adjoining land
Option No 6
• Minor Swap with DRDO
• Swap with Sheep farm
• Minor extra land acquisition
Option
• Skirt DRDO
• Swap with Sheep farm
• minor land acquisition
Preliminary Site Survey
Seismic background at Site X
Site characterization:
Archived Weather Data at
Site X
LIGO-India Site: Usage restrictions in Adjoining region
Current + during >15 year Operations
• NO sustained heavy equipment, mining, blasting activity in the vicinity (30km)
• NO Reciprocating power-plant machinery, rock crushers and heavy
machinery (> 16 km, prefer 40km from the site)
• Non-reciprocating power-plant machinery and balanced industrial machinery
should be located at least 7km from the site, preferred distance of 16 km.
• Railway: >10 kms (preferably 16km) away from any busy railway track active
at present, or, possible in the next 15 year.
• Roadways: More that 4-6 km from any major busy motor highway.
• Airways: More than 60km from any major airport. More that 20km from a not
so busy (less than 5 flights/day) airport.
Thank you !!!
•No major water flows during most of the year near the site
(The site should be 100 km to 200 km away from the sea-coast!)
Concluding remarks on LIGO-India
• Home ground advantage. Unique & unprecedented opportunity.
• Threshold of discovery and launch of a new observational window
in human history!! Century after Einstein GR, 40 yrs of Herculean global efforts
• Unlike other projects the key crucial components and subsystems have
already been developed and individually tested & validated and are ready to
be taken up for installation. So there are no uncertainties regarding the
technological feasibility.
• No requirement of a incubation period for technology demonstration,
pathfinder mission etc. as the current design and technology for the detector
is based on R&D and development done by the LSC over the past to decades
• India pays true tribute to fulfilling Chandrasekhar’s legacy:
”Astronomy is the natural home of general relativity”
• Attain high technology gains for partnering Indian labs & industries
Thank you !!!
LIGO-India: Salient points of the megaproject
• On Indian Soil with International Cooperation (no competition)
• Partner in major science discovery!!! (IndIGO already part of LSC)
• AdvLIGO would be first setup at US site.
– AdvLIGO-USA precedes LIGO-India by ~3 years. Staggered time-line  dual advantage.
– Indian experimenters would participate in Adv-LIGO-USA
– Significant US expertise will pave way for faster execution of LIGO-India (Already Stan Whitcomb
Chief Sc. LIGO; Rana Adhikari- Caltech-LIGO (+ GEO,EGO,….) have committed to spend a 2+
months/year in India
• US hardware contribution ready : no uncertainty in timeline
– Adv.LIGO is the Largest NSF funded project in USA
– aLIGO-India exploration by LIGOlab approved by NSF blue ribbon committee on Oct 7, 2011
The panel believes
that
science
for LIGO-India is compelling,
• ' Expenditure
entirely
in the
Indian
labscase
& Industry.
reason
enough
to move capability
forward in the
near term
… DAE labs &
• and
Very
significant
Industrial
upgrade.
Indian
Industry assessed to be in position to carry out phase-I of LIGO-India.
We
note that LIGO-India is the only option actively under consideration
(Senior LIGO team visited Indian labs & facilities in Aug &Oct 2011]
by the LIGO Laboratory.' -- NSF
• Well defined training plan  Generate large number (~100)of highly
trained HRD in areas of wide application in S &T.
•
Major data analysis centre for the entire LIGO network. Huge opportunity for
Indian University participation.
LIGO-India: … the challenges
LIGO-India : Expected
Indian Contribution
Phase 1 (2012-16)
 Site
(L-config: 100 m x 8km), survey, acquisition, site preparation
Ultra-high Vacuum enclosure : design adaptation  industry
 Transfer of Interferometer components from USA
 Training through participation of core team at advanced LIGO-USA
 HPC-Data centre + Expansion of current science user community by 2015
Phase 2 (2017-19)
 Interferometer installation & commissioning
Engineering
run : Rs. 10 Crores (Seed Funding)
Budget:
2011-13
2012-17: Rs. 650 Crores
Phase
(2020-2030)
2017-22: Rs.
3803 Crores
o Science runs
and sustained
operations
2022-27:
Rs. 230
Crores
o Research labs to participate in upgrade lines & 3rd gen.
Time
frame:& Astronomy
Site and
Detector Construction: 2012-2019
o Physics
research
Commissioning and Science Runs: 2019
Network Operation:
2020
Phase 1. Large scale ultra-high Vacuum enclosure
S.K. Shukla (RRCAT), A.S. Raja Rao (ex RRCAT),
S. Bhatt (IPR), Ajai Kumar (IPR)
To be fabricated by Industry with designs from LIGO. A pumped volume of 10000m3
(10Mega-litres), evacuated to an ultra high vacuum of nano-torr (10-9 torr ).
Spiral weld UHV beam tubes
1.2 m dia: 20 m sections.
Sections butt welded to 200m
UHV Optical tanks to house
mirrors : end, beam splitter,…
Expansion Bellows btw 200m
beam sections, 1 m gate valves
LIGO-India: meeting the challenges
Indian contribution in human resources:
 UHV construction supervision [team, expertise, experience & resource
identified from RRCAT & IPR+ IISERs within IndIGO (+ BARC+…?)]
 Site survey working group [with geophysicists and civil engineering
groups in place + GSI … ?]
 Scientific & Engineering manpower for detector
assembly, installation and commissioning (2012-2014).
To participate in installation and comm. of Adv. LIGO USA
• 2 PDFs in LIGO already; 2 under consideration ,…..
• Researchers (mostly NRI) from intl .GW labs interested in
LIGO-India positions in India
(eg., U Wash, UWAus, Glasgow, B’ham UK, ESA, …),….
 Trained S&E manpower for LIGO-India sustained operations for
around 2018 (7 years from now)
 Parallel developments in technology R&D in national labs
Indian GW research Legacy
• 20+ years of work in source modelling, gravitational
wave data analysis algorithms and related areas
(Dhurandhar@IUCAA, Iyer@RRI, Sathyaprakash@IUCAA…).
•
A number of highly productive collaborations have been established with
GW groups in Australia, France, Germany, Japan, UK and USA, mainly
through bilateral programmes.
• Students and postdocs from the programme are in top GW groups
internationally – younger section  faculty positions in India
• IUCAA (Dhurandhar) has been a member of the LIGO Scientific
Collaboration (LSC) for a decade (2000-10).
•
Templates in LDAS based on Source models (Iyer) from India
• IndIGO membership (multi-institutional team of 15 DA, theory
& expt) of LIGO Science Collab. (Sept 2011)
27
LIGO-India: … the challenges
LIGO-India : Vacuum
structure & engineering
Plan : Large scale ultra-high Vacuum
• Fabricated and installed by Indian Industry under close
monitoring by science & technology team
o Oversee the procurement & fabrication of the vacuum system components and its
installation by a national multi-institutional team.
o DAE commitment to LIGO-India  Intense participation of RRCAT & IPR possible.
o All vacuum components such as flanges, gate-valves, pumps, residual gas
analyzers and leak detectors will be bought.
o Companies L&T, Fullinger, HindHiVac, Godrej, … with close support from RRCAT,
IPR and LIGO Lab.
• 1st round of discussions with Industry in Feb 2011 : Companies like
HHV, Fullinger, Godrej in consultation with Stan Whitcomb (LIGO), D. Blair
(ACIGA) since this was a major IndIGO deliverable to LIGO-Australia. Followed
by visit by LIGO expt to industry in Aug 2011.
LIGO-India: … the challenges
LIGO-India : Detector
Assembly & commisionning
Phase 2. Detector Assembly & Commissioning
For installation and commissioning phase:
• Identify 10-15 core experienced Engineers & scientists who spend
a year, or more, at Advanced LIGO-USA during its install. & comm.
– 2 post-docs at LIGO Caltech (2010, 2011), 2 more other under consideration
in LIGO and EGO
– Present experimental expertise within IndIGO
Laser ITF: RRCAT, IPR, TIFR,NPL, IITM, IIT K, IISER Pune, IISER, Kol, IISER TVM
UH Vacuum: RRCAT, IPR, TIFR, BARC
In project mode, each group can scale to 10 Post-doc & PhD students in 2-3
years.
– Researchers (mostly NRI) from intl .GW labs interested in LIGO-India
positions in India (eg., U Wash, UWAu, Glasgow, B’ham UK, ESA, …),….
– Young IISER faculty -- long visit LIGO facilities under IUSSTF (applied)
• 6-10 full time engineers and scientists in India.
LIGO-India: … the challenges
LIGO-India : Trained
Manpower generation and
sustenance
LIGO-India: … the challenges
Manpower generation for sustenance of LIGO-India :
Plans & exploration
• Advanced LIGO USA will have a lead time over LIGO-India
Indian personnel trained in USA bring expertise to LIGO-India and build
groups using associated training program. (DST /Academy/ IUSSTF/SAVI/…
programs, e.g, BOYSCAST, Ramanujan may be helpful, perhaps not sufficient.)
•
IndIGO Summer internships in International labs underway (2nd year).
o High UG applications 30/40 each year from IIT, IISER, NISERS,..
o 2 summers, 10 students, 1 starting PhD at LIGO-MIT
o Plans to extend to participating National labs to generate more experimenters
• IndIGO schools to expose students to emerging opportunity in GW science
o 1st IndIGO school in Dec 2010 in Delhi Univ. (thru IUCAA)
o Funded ICTS Cosmology & GW school in IUCAA, Dec 2011
o Ongoing IUCAA GW school in Tezpur Univ. (Jan 2012)
• Tech. Training school (initially period offered by IPR, RRCAT) & also Post graduate
school specialization course at IUCAA  major UG to PhD program (involve Intl
community).
Indo-US centre for Gravitational Physics and
Astronomy @ IUCAA
APPROVED (Dec 2010). Funds received Jul 6, 2011
• Centre of Indo-US Science and Technology Forum (IUSSTF)
• Exchange program to fund mutual visits and facilitate
interactions leading to collaborations
• Nodal centres: IUCAA , Pune, India & Caltech, Pasadena, USA.
• Institutions:
Indian: IUCAA, TIFR, IISER, DU, CMI - PI: Tarun Souradeep
USA: Caltech, WSU
- PI: Rana Adhikari
IndIGO Data Centre@IUCAA
 Primary Science: Online Coherent search for GW signal from
binary mergers using data from global detector network
Coherent  4 x event rate (40  160 /yr for NS-NS)
 Role of IndIGO data centre
 Large Tier-2 data/compute centre for archival of GW data and analysis
 Bring together data-analysts within the Indian science community.
 Puts IndIGO on the global map for international collaboration with LIGO
Science Collab. wide facility. Part of the LSC participation by IndIGO
 Large University sector participation via IUCAA
• > ~100 Tflops peak capability (by 2014)
• Storage: 4x100TB per year per interferometer.
• Network: gigabit+ backbone, National Knowledge Network
• Gigabit dedicatedlink to LIGO lab Caltech
• 30 Tf ,200 Tb funded IUCAA : ready fall 2012
LIGO-India: unique once-in-a-generation opportunity
LIGO labs LIGO-India
?
• 180 W pre-stabilized Nd:YAG laser
• 10 interferometer core optics (test masses, folding mirrors, beam splitter, recycling mirrors)
• Input condition optics, including electro-optic modulators, Faraday isolators, a suspended mode-cleaner (12-m
long mode-defining cavity), and suspended mode-matching telescope optics.
• 5 "BSC chamber" seismic isolation systems (two stage, six degree of freedom, active isolation stages
capable of ~200 kg payloads)
• 6 "HAM Chamber" seismic isolation systems (one stage, six degree of freedom, active isolation stages
capable of ~200 kg payloads)
• 11 Hydraulic External Pre-Isolation systems
• Five quadruple stage large optics suspensions systems
• Triple stage suspensions for remaining suspended optics
• Baffles and beam dumps for controlling scattering and stray radiation
• Optical distortion monitors and thermal control/compensation system for large optics
• Photo-detectors, conditioning electronics, actuation electronics and conditioning
• Data conditioning and acquisition system, software for data acquisition
• Supervisory control and monitoring system, software for all control systems
• Installation tooling and fixturing
Advanced LIGO Laser
• Designed and contributed by Albert Einstein Institute, Germany
• Much higher power (to beat down photon shot noise)
– 10W
 180W (narrow sub kHz line width)
• Better stability
– 10x improvement in intensity (nano ppm) and frequency
stability (mHz)
• Unique globally. Would require years of focused R &D effort in India
• AdvLIGO laser has spurred RRCAT to envisage planning development of
similar laser capability in the next 5 year plans. IIT M/K group also interested.
• Multiple applications of narrow line width laser : Freq time stand, precision
metrology, Quantum key distribution, high sensitivity seismic sensors (geo sc.),
coherence LIDAR (atm sc.), ….
Advanced LIGO Mirrors
•
• Larger size
– 11 kg  40 kg, 2534 cm
• Smaller figure error
– 0.7 nm  0.35 nm
• Lower absorption
– 2 ppm  0.5 ppm
• Lower coating thermal noise
Surface specs (/3000) : 100 x best telescope optics
• Surface specs currently available in India for much
smaller sizes /20
• Indian industry may now be challenged to achieve on
small scale, eg., for TIFR 3m prototype
• Technology for such mirror useful for high optical
metrology and other specialized applications
LIGO-India: unique once-in-a-generation opportunity
“Quantum measurements”
further improvement via squeezed light:
• Potential technology spin-offs will impact quantum computing and
quantum key distribution (QKD) for secure communications.
(IITM approached by ITI for QKD development.)
• New ground for optics and communication technology in India
+ Cold atom labs (IISc., IISERP,….), Precision force measurements,….
• High Potential to draw
the best Indian UG students, typically
interested in theoretical physics, into experimental science !!!
Optics Installation Under
Cleanroom Conditions
•High precision skills
• Low contamination labs & trained manpower for
related Indian labs & industry
• Application in other sciences, eg. Material sciences,
Space , biotech ,…
LIGO-G1100108-v1
Courtesy: Stan Whitcomb
Concluding remarks on LIGO-India
• Home ground advantage. Unique & unprecedented opportunity.
• Threshold of discovery and launch of a new observational window
in human history!! Century after Einstein GR, 40 yrs of Herculean global efforts
• Unlike other projects the key crucial components and subsystems have
already been developed and individually tested & validated and are ready to
be taken up for installation. So there are no uncertainties regarding the
technological feasibility.
• No requirement of a incubation period for technology demonstration,
pathfinder mission etc. as the current design and technology for the detector
is based on R&D and development done by the LSC over the past to decades
• Attain high technology gains for Indian labs & industries
Thank you !!!
• India pays true tribute to fulfilling Chandrasekhar’s legacy:
”Astronomy is the natural home of general relativity”
IndIGO Consortium – a brief history
• Dec. 2007 : ICGC2007 @IUCAA: Rana Adhikari’s visit & discussions
• 2009:
– Australia-India S&T collaboration (Iyer & Blair)
Establishing Australia-India collaboration in GW Astronomy
–
IndIGO Consortium: IUCAA Reunion meeting (Aug 9, 2009)
–
GW Astronomy Roadmap for India;
Note:
• 2009-2011:
– Meetings
at Kochi,
Pune, Shanghai,
Delhi
•IndIGO
was admitted
to GWICPerth,
in July
2011 : Intl.
recognition
of and
the growing
in India.
to Define,
Reorient
Respondcommunity
to the Global
(GWIC) strategies
for setting up the International GW Network.
•IndIGO has been accepted into the LIGO Science Collab.
– Bring together
scattered Indian Experimental Expertise;
(LSC) : pan-Indian 7 institutes: 15 members: Theory, DA +
Individuals
& Institutions
EXPERIMENTERS ) : Sept. 2011
• March 2011: IndIGO-I Proposal: Participation in LIGO-Australia
• May 2011+: LIGO-India..
IndIGO Consortium
Data Analysis &
Theory
Sanjeev Dhurandhar
Bala Iyer
Tarun Souradeep
Anand Sengupta
Archana Pai
Sanjit Mitra
K G Arun
Rajesh Nayak
A. Gopakumar
IUCAA
RRI
IUCAA
Delhi Univ.
IISER,-TVM
JPL , IUCAA
CMI
IISER-K
TIFR
T R Seshadri
Patrick Dasgupta
Sanjay Jhingan
L. Sriramkumar,
Bhim P. Sarma
Sanjay Sahay
P Ajith
Sukanta Bose,
B. S. Sathyaprakash
Soumya Mohanty
Badri Krishnan
Satyanarayan Mohapatra
Delhi University
Delhi University
Jamila Milia
IIT M
Tezpur Univ .
BITS, Goa
Caltech
Wash. U.
Cardiff University
UTB, Brownsville
Max Planck AEI
UM, Amherst
Instrumentation & Experiment
70
C. S. Unnikrishnan TIFR
60
G Rajalakshmi
TIFR
P.K. Gupta
RRCAT
50Raja
Sendhil
RRCAT
S.K. Shukla
RRCAT
Raja Rao
RRCAT exx
40
Anil Prabhakar,
IIT M
Shanti30
Bhattacharya
IIT M
Pradeep Kumar,
IIT K
Ajai Kumar
IPR
20
S.K. Bhatt
IPR
Vasant Natarajan
IISc.
10
Umakant Rapol
IISER Pune
Shiva Patil
IISER Pune
0
Joy Mitra
IISER Tvm
2009
2010
S. Ghosh
IISER Kol
Supriyo Mitra
IISER Kol
Ranjan Gupta
IUCAA
Bhal Chandra Joshi
NCRA
Rijuparna Chakraborty Cote d’Azur
Rana Adhikari
Caltech
Suresh Doravari
Caltech
Expter
S. Sunil
U. W. Aus.
Rahul Kumar
DA U. of Glasgow
Biplab Bhawal
LIGO ex
Theory
K. Venkat
U. Washington
B. Bhadur
U. of Illinois
2011
Director RRCAT’s statement
The LIGO-India being a project of National interest and entailing
high end technologies such as lasers, optics and vacuum is of great
interest to RRCAT. RRCAT would provide all the required support for key
technological expertise for lasers, optics and vacuum by way of design,
expert advice, consultancy and training of manpower in vacuum
technology and optics/laser technology etc, required for the project.
Manpower recruited for the vacuum and laser/optics activities of IndIGO
project will be trained at RRCAT by way of participation in the various
ongoing developmental projects in the respective fields. These trained
manpower can then contribute to the IndIGO project as the facility gets
built. This mode of participation in IndIGO would lead to valuable
contributions to the project without affecting the ongoing projects at
RRCAT and also ensure that sufficient trained manpower is available
during installation and commissioning phase to run the project in a
sustainable manner.
Statement : P.K. Kaw, Director, IPR
The case for LIGO-India is very compelling. Gravitational astronomy is at the threshold
of its birth and is likely to emerge, in the coming few decades , as a totally new
window for the exploration of our Universe. Discoveries in this new field are likely
to revolutionize our understanding of the Universe and will lead to many Nobel Prizes.
We are getting an opportunity to leapfrog and participate as equal partners in this
Statement : Prof. P.K. Kaw, Director IPR
exciting enterprise , by working closely with one of the world’s most advanced groups
viz. case
scientists
and engineers
ofcompelling.
LIGO projectGravitational
from institutions
like Caltech,
MIT,ofBerkeley
The
for LIGO-India
is very
astronomy
… threshold
its
and
birth Stanford.
and …. as a totally new window for the exploration of our Universe.
We
already in
have
community
of distinguished
gravitational
physicists/ astronomers
Discoveries
this anew
field …. and
will lead to many
Nobel Prizes.
in India
and inan
theopportunity
Indian community
who can provide
leadership
ininstitutions
the
We
are getting
to leapfrogabroad,
… and participate
as equal
partners ….
like
Caltech,ofMIT,
anddetectors
Stanford. for the purposes of modeling and interpretations.
utilization
dataBerkeley
from LIGO
We are also lucky in having developed in several of our scientific institutes, the essential
We
alreadyexpertise
have a community
of distinguished
gravitational
physicists/ astronomers
in India …..
technical
required for
setting up the
basic infrastructure
such as the selection
We are also lucky in having developed in several of our scientific institutes, the essential
of an appropriate site, the detailed design and fabrication of large volume ultra high
technical expertise required … We are therefore confident that it can be taken up as a
vacuum
systems,
the basic
vibration
andwho
dynamic
real time
controlby
experience
challenge
by our young
scientists
andisolation
engineers
can deliver
the goods
working
and
experience
in working
with. simple laser based interferometer/Febry-Perot etalon
closely
with industries
in India
systems. We can look forward to the import of new ideas and transfer of highly
sophisticated
new technologies,
whichofwill
inevitably
arise
if we
upproject,
the taskifof
We strongly believe
that the quality
scientific
output
from
thetake
LIGO
implementing
LIGO
India
close
with LIGO
successful, is the
going
to be
soproject
high in
that
it iscollaboration
a risk worth taking
and team. We are therefore
confident that it can be taken up as a challenge by our young scientists and engineers who
too
good an opportunity to be allowed to be lost .
can deliver the goods by working closely with industries in India . We strongly believe that
the quality of scientific output from the LIGO project, if successful, is going to be so high
it is a risk worth taking and too good an opportunity to be allowed to be lost .
LIGO-India: a good idea for Intl. community !
• Geographical relocation Strategic for GW astronomy
• Potentially larger GW expt & science community in the future
HRD@home
– Indian demographics: youth dominated – need challenges
– Improved UG education system will produce a larger number of students
with aspirations looking for frontline research opportunity at home.
• Present experimental expertise within IndIGO
Laser ITF: RRCAT, IPR, TIFR, IITM, IIT K, IISER Pune, IISER, Kol, IISER TVM
+ …?
UH Vacuum: RRCAT, IPR, TIFR +….?
In project mode, each group can scale to 10 Post-doc & PhD students in 2-3
years.
 Major enhancement of Science & Data Analysis team. Consolidated
IndIGO participation in LIGO Science Collab. (Sept 2011)
 Sukanta Bose, senior LSC member, USA applied to IUCAA
 Sanjit Mitra : Caltech IUCAA, Sengupta  DU
 Expand theory and create numerical relativity simulation.
Expect hiring in premier institutions Ajith P. , TAPIR, Caltech ?
LIGO-India vs. Indian-IGO ?
Primary advantage: LIGO-India Provides cutting edge instrumentation &
technology to jump start GW detection and astronomy.
Would require at least a decade of focused & sustained technology developments
in Indian laboratories and industry
•
180 W Nd:YAG: 5 years;
– Operation and maintenance should benefit further development in narrow line width lasers.
– Applications in high resolution spectroscopy,
– precision interferometry and metrology.
• Input conditioning optics..Expensive..No Indian manufacturer with such specs
• Seismic isolation (BCE,HAM) .. Minimum 2 of years of expt and R&D.
– Experience in setting up and maintaining these systems  know how for
isolation in critical experiments such as in optical metrology,
AFM/Microscopy, gravity experiments etc.
• 10 interferometer core optics.. manufacturing optics of this quality and
develop required metrology facility : At least 5 to 7 years of
dedicated R&D work in optical polishing, figuring and metrology.
• Five quadruple stage large optics suspensions systems.. 3-4 years of
development.. Not trivial to implement.
– Benefit other physics experiments working at the quantum limit of noise.
LIGO-India: Project team requirements
LIGO-India: … the challenges
LIGO-India Director
Project manager
Project engineering staff:
Civil engineer(s)
Vacuum engineer(s)
Systems engineer(s),
Mechanical engineers
Electronics engineers
Software engineers
Detector leader
Project system engineer
Detector subsystem leaders
10-15 talented scientists or research engineers
with interest and knowledge collectively spanning:
Lasers and optical devices, Optical metrology, handling and cleaning,
Precision mechanical structures, Low noise electronics, Digital control systems
and electro-mechanical servo design, Vacuum cleaning and handling)
Indian Gravitational wave strengths
• Very good students and post-docs produced in Indian GW groups over 20yrs .
* Leaders in GW research abroad [Sathyaprakash, Bose, Mohanty] (3)
* Recently returned to faculty positions at premier Indian institutions (6)
– Gopakumar (Jena TIFR) and Arun (VirgoCMI) : PN modeling, dynamics of CB,
Ap and cosmological implications of parameter estimation
– Rajesh Nayak (UTB  IISER K) , Archana Pai (AEI  IISER T), Anand Sengupta
(LIGO, Caltech Delhi), Sanjit Mitra (JPL  IUCAA ): Extensive experience on
single and multi-detector detection, hierarchical techniques, noise characterisation
schemes, veto techniques for GW transients, bursts, continuous and stochastic
sources, radiometric methods, …
– P. Ajith (Caltech, LIGO/TAPIR  ? ) ……
– Sukanta Bose (Faculty UW, USA  ?)
Strong Indian presence in GW Astronomy with Global detector network 
broad international collaboration is the norm  relatively easy to get
people back.
•
Close interactions with Rana Adhikari (Caltech), B.S. Sathyaprakash (Cardiff), Sukanta
Bose ( WU, Pullman)  India ?, Soumya Mohanty (UTB), Badri Krishnan ( AEI) …
IndIGO: Goals
• Provide a common umbrella to initiate and expand GW
related Experimental activity and train new technically
skilled manpower
• July 2011 IndIGO Consortium Application for
Gravitational Wave International Committee (GWIC)
Accepted.
• Pan-Indian consolidated IndIGOmembership in LIGO
Scientific Collaboration (LSC) for participation in
Advanced LIGO. Sept 2011
• Create a Tier-2 data centre in IUCAA for LIGO Scientific
Collaboration Deliverables and as a LSC Resource
IndIGO: current activities
 Starting collaborative work under the
IUSSTF Indo-US IUCAA-Caltech joint Centre
at IUCAA
Indo-Jap project “Coherent multi-detector
gravitational wave search using LCGT and
advanced interferometers”
Explore the Roadmap for EGO-IndIGO
collaboration on GW and a possible MOU (Meeting
on Nov 1-2 ,2011 at IUCAA)
Explore Indian participation in LISA and space
based GW detectors in the future ( ASTROD 5
meeting on July 14 – 16, 2012 at RRI)
 Propose LIGO-India !!!
LIGO-India Budget Summary:
2012-2027 In Rs. Crores
Total Projected cost 2012-27: Rs. 1260 Crores
S.No.
ITEM description
2012-17
100
2017-22
---
2022-27
---
---
---
1
Land Acquisition & preparation
2
Transfer of Equipment
’20
3
Vacuum Infrastructure
275
55
4
Buildings, Clean Rooms & Infrastructure
120
30
10
5
Staff Salaries
25
25
25
6
Computing and Data centre
20
60
7
Knowledge Exchange
Manpower development
Travel,Vehicles/Transport
10
10
8
Detector Installation & Commissioning
45
55
9
Detector Operation & Maintenance
0
90
140
10
3rd Generation R&D (Consortium)
5
25
30
11
Contingency Funds
30
30
20
TOTAL
650
380
230
---
5
--
LIGO-India Time-line
2012 - 2013
2014 - 2015
Site survey, measurements, validation, selection and
acquisition
Site preparation, Design and Drawings for Buildings, Tendering
for Civil infrastructure, construction of Central and End stations.
2012 - 2015
On site training and participation at LIGO-USA during initial
phases of LIGO-USA assembly and tests.
2012- 2013
Update and finalization of drawings for UHV systems,
Preparation of infrastructure for fabrication & tests, Establishing
protocols and processes for fabrication.
2014 - 2017
Fabrication of spiral welded tubes and main UHV End stations
2015 - 2016
Shipping of LIGO components from LIGO-USA
2016
Start of LIGO-India interferometer assembly
2016 - 2018
2018 - 2019
2019 - 2020
LIGO-India integration, tests and validation
Locked operation of the detector and tuning to aimed sensitivity.
Science Runs and regular Operation of LIGO-India
2020 -
Network runs and GW astronomy with LIGO-India
Indirect evidence for Gravity waves
Binary pulsar systems emit gravitational waves
Pulsar
Nobel prize
in 1993 !!!
Hulse and Taylor
14yr slowdown
of PSR1913+16
companion