IndIGO
Indian Initiative in Gravitational-wave Observations
Application for GWIC Membership
Bala Iyer
Raman Research Institute, Bangalore
Chair, IndIGO Consortium Council
GWIC Meeting, Cardiff, 10 July 2011
GW Research in India (Pre IndIGO:1990 -2009)
• Regular International Collaboration with GW groups in
Australia, France, Germany, UK, Japan since 1990
•
September 1990: Interferometric Gravity wave Detector: Phase I: Developmental work and Experiments,
A proposal
by IUCAA, Pune [S.V. Dhurandhar, N.K. Dadhich, J.V. Narlikar, S.N. Tandon] and CAT, Indore [P.K. Gupta, A.S. Raja Rao, D.D. Bhawalkar] 1.25 cr, Staffing
21
•
•
•
Phase II: 100 m Detector : 13 crores, Staffing 51
December 1995: Design of the Vacuum system for AIGO 500 ( CAT/95-16, Indore) [A.S. Raja Rao]
International GW Collaborative Projects
1991, 1993, 1994, 1995 IUCAA- UWA Informal Collaboration
[Sanjeev Dhurandhar (IUCAA) and David Blair (UWA) and David McClelland (ANU)]
•
1995 -1998 Indo-French Project: 1010-1 Modelling of non-linear effects in high power optical cavities of laser
interferometric gravitational wave detectors
[S.V. Dhurandhar (IUCAA) and Jean-Yves Vinet (Laboratoire de l'Accelerateur, Orsay]
•
2000 – 2004 Indo-French Project: 2204-1
Gravitational wave data analysis for laser interferometer space antenna
[S.V. Dhurandhar (IUCAA) and Jean-Yves Vinet (Observatoire de la Cote d'Azur, Nice)]
•
2003 – 2007 Indo-French Project: 2904-1 Gravitational Waves from Neutron Star Binaries,
[Bala Iyer (RRI) and Luc Blanchet (IAP) ]
•
2006 - 2009 Indo-French Project: 3504-1 - Physical and mathematical modeling of LISA mission
[S.V. Dhurandhar (IUCAA) and Bertrand Chauvineau (Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, Nice)]
•
2006 - 2009 Indo-French Project: 3504-3 - Systematic effects in CMB of ESA’s Satellite “PLANCK”
[Tarun Souradeep (IUCAA) and François R. Bouchet (Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris)]
•
2010 - 2013 Indo-French Project: 4204-2 High accuracy gravitational waves from black hole binaries
[Bala Iyer (RRI) with Luc Blanchet (IAP), Guillaume Faye (IAP) ]
•
2006 - 2011 DST-JSPS Indo-Japanese Collaboration Coincident vs Coherent multi-detector strategies for inspiralling
binaries [Sanjeev Dhurandhar (IUCAA), Nobuyuki Kanda (Osaka University) and Hideyuki Tagoshi, (Osaka University)]
Gravitational wave legacy in India
• Indian contribution over two decades to the global effort for
detecting GW internationally recognized on two significant fronts
• Seminal contributions to source modeling at RRI [Bala Iyer]
and to GW data analysis at IUCAA [Sanjeev Dhurandhar]
• RRI: Indo-French collaboration for two decades to compute high accuracy
waveforms for in-spiraling compact binaries from which the GW templates used
in LIGO and Virgo are constructed. Cardiff collaboration on improved detection
templates, parameter estimation, implications for Astrophyscs and cosmology
• IUCAA: Designing efficient data analysis algorithms involving advanced
mathematical concepts.. Notable contributions include the search for binary inspirals, hierarchical methods, coherent search with a network of detectors and
the radiometric search for stochastic gravitational waves.
• IUCAA: Tarun Souradeep with expertise in CMB data & Planck creates bridge
between CMB and GW data analysis challenges : stochastic GW background
maps
•
IUCAA has collaborated with most international GW detector
groups and has been a member of the LIGO Scientific Collaboration
(LSC) for a decade.
LSC Collaboration from India
• Aug 2000 - 2010
MOU between IUCAA (Sanjeev Dhurandhar) and LIGO (LSC)
• Projects carried out under LIGO Scientific Collaboration (LSC)
- Hierarchical GW Search for inspiralling compact binaries as part of inspiral
group of LSC with Anand Sengupta and the inspiral group
-Radiometric search for GW stochastic background as part of stochastic
group of LSC with Sanjit Mitra, Tarun Souradeep, IUCAA
- Radiometric search for Pulsars as part of continuous wave group of LSC
with Himan Mukhopadhyay, Badri Krishnan, AEI and John Whelan, AEI
-All sky and all frequency search with Badri Krishnan, AEI
• The most recent work in progress is on the fast
transform for continuous sources which is based on
group theoretic methods.
High precision experimental expertise in India
• TIFR [C.S. Unnikrishnan] :
High precision experiments and tests of weak forces
– Test gravitation using most sensitive torsional balances and optical sensors.
– Techniques related to precision laser spectroscopy, electronic locking, stabilization.
– G.Rajalakshmi (IIA  TIFR, 3m prototype);
– Suresh Doravari (IIA  LIGO, Caltech expt./AdvLIGO)
• IITM [Anil Prabhakar] and IITK [Pradeep Kumar] (EE depts)
–
–
Photonics, Fiber optics and communications
Characterization and testing of optical components and instruments for use in India..
• RRCAT
– [S.K. Shukla on INDUS, A.S. Raja Rao (exRRCAT)] --UHV
– [Sendhil Raja, P.K. Gupta] - Optical system design, laser based
instrumentation, optical metrology, Large aperture optics, diffractive
optics, micro-optic system design.
– [Rijuparna Chakraborty, France  LIGO/EGO pdf?] Adaptive Optics….
Large experiment expertise in India
• RRCAT….
• IPR [S.B. Bhatt on Aditya and Ajai Kumar] - UHV experience, Lasers…
Support role in large volume UHV system, Control systems,….
• Groups at BARC and RRCAT : involved in LHC
– providing a variety of components and subsystems like precision magnet positioning
stand jacks, superconducting correcting magnets, quench heater protection supplies and
skilled manpower support for magnetic tests and measurement and help in
commissioning LHC subsystems.
• Teams at Electronics & Instrumentation Groups at BARC
(may be interested in large instrumentation projects in XII plan)
• Groups at ISRO,…….
IndIGO Consortium – Milestones
• Late 2007 : ICGC2007 @IUCAA: Rana Adhikari’s visit & discussions
• 2009:
– Australia-India S&T collaboration
Establishing Australia-India collaboration in GW Astronomy
–
IndIGO Consortium: Reunion meeting IUCAA
–
GW Astronomy Roadmap for India;
• 2009-2011:
– Meetings at Kochi, Pune, Shanghai, Perth, Delhi
to Define, Reorient and Respond to the Global (GWIC) strategies
for setting up the International GW Network.
– Bring together scattered Indian Experimental Expertise;
Individuals & Institutions
• March 2011: IndIGO-I Proposal: Participation in LIGO-Australia
• May 2011+: LIGO-India..
Multi-Institutional,
Multi-disciplinary Consortium
(2009)
Nodal Institutions
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
CMI, Chennai
Delhi University
IISER Kolkata
IISER Trivandrum
IIT Madras (EE)
IIT Kanpur (EE)
IUCAA, Pune
RRCAT, Indore
TIFR, Mumbai
IPR, Bhatt
Others
•
•
•
RRI
Jamia Milia Islamia
Tezpur Univ
The IndIGO Consortium
IndIGO Council
1.
2.
3.
4.
Bala Iyer
Sanjeev Dhurandhar
C. S. Unnikrishnan
Tarun Souradeep
( Chair)
(Science)
(Experiment)
(Spokesperson)
Data Analysis & Theory
Instrumentation & Experiment
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
C. S. Unnikrishnan TIFR, Mumbai
G Rajalakshmi
TIFR, Mumbai
P.K. Gupta
RRCAT, Indore
Sendhil Raja
RRCAT, Indore
S.K. Shukla
RRCAT, Indore
Raja Rao
ex RRCAT, Consultant
Anil Prabhakar,
EE, IIT M
Pradeep Kumar,
EE, IIT K
Ajai Kumar
IPR, Bhatt
S.K. Bhatt
IPR, Bhatt
Ranjan Gupta
IUCAA, Pune
Bhal Chandra Joshi NCRA, Pune
Rijuparna Chakraborty, Cote d’Azur, Grasse
Rana Adhikari
Caltech, USA
Suresh Doravari
Caltech, USA
Biplab Bhawal
(ex LIGO)
RRI, Bangalore
IUCAA, Pune
TIFR, Mumbai
IUCAA, Pune
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
Sanjeev Dhurandhar
Bala Iyer
Tarun Souradeep
Anand Sengupta
Archana Pai
Sanjit Mitra
K G Arun
Rajesh Nayak
A. Gopakumar
T R Seshadri
Patrick Dasgupta
Sanjay Jhingan
L. Sriramkumar,
Bhim P. Sarma
Sanjay Sahay
P Ajith
Sukanta Bose,
B. S. Sathyaprakash
Soumya Mohanty
Badri Krishnan
IUCAA
RRI
IUCAA
Delhi University
IISER, Thiruvananthapuram
JPL , IUCAA
Chennai Math. Inst., Chennai
IISER, Kolkata
TIFR, Mumbai
Delhi University
Delhi University
Jamila Milia Islamia, Delhi
Phys., IIT M
Tezpur Univ .
BITS, Goa
Caltech , USA
Wash. U., USA
Cardiff University, UK
UTB, Brownsville , USA
Max Planck AEI, Germany
IndIGO Advisory Structure
Committees:
International Advisory Committee
Abhay Ashtekar (Penn SU)[ Chair]
Rana Adhikari (LIGO, Caltech, USA)
David Blair (AIGO, UWA, Australia)
Adalberto Giazotto (Virgo, Italy)
P.D. Gupta (Director, RRCAT, India)
James Hough (GEO ; Glasgow, UK)[GWIC Chair]
Kazuaki Kuroda (LCGT, Japan)
Harald Lueck (GEO, Germany)
Nary Man (Virgo, France)
Jay Marx (LIGO, Director, USA)
David McClelland (AIGO, ANU, Australia)
Jesper Munch (Chair, ACIGA, Australia)
B.S. Sathyaprakash (GEO, Cardiff Univ, UK)
Bernard F. Schutz (GEO, Director AEI, Germany)
Jean-Yves Vinet (Virgo, France)
Stan Whitcomb (LIGO, Caltech, USA)
National Steering Committee:
Kailash Rustagi (IIT, Mumbai) [Chair]
Bala Iyer (RRI) [Coordinator]
Sanjeev Dhurandhar (IUCAA) [Co-Coordinator]
D.D. Bhawalkar (Quantalase, Indore)[Advisor]
P.K. Kaw (IPR)
Ajit Kembhavi (IUCAA)
P.D. Gupta (RRCAT)
J.V. Narlikar (IUCAA)
G. Srinivasan
Program Management Committee:
C S Unnikrishnan (TIFR, Mumbai), [Chair]
Bala R Iyer (RRI, Bangalore), [Coordinator]
Sanjeev Dhurandhar (IUCAA, Pune) [Co-cordinator]
Tarun Souradeep (IUCAA, Pune)
Bhal Chandra Joshi (NCRA, Pune)
P Sreekumar (ISAC, Bangalore)
P K Gupta (RRCAT, Indore)
S K Shukla (RRCAT, Indore)
Sendhil Raja (RRCAT, Indore)]
IndIGO: The goals
• Provide a common umbrella to initiate and expand GW
related experimental activity and train new technically
skilled manpower
• Seek pan-Indian consolidated IndIGO membership in
LIGO Scientific Collaboration (LSC) for participation in
Advanced LIGO.
• Create a Tier-2 data centre in IUCAA for LIGO Scientific
Collaboration Deliverables and as a LSC Resource
• Start collaborative work on joint projects under the
IUSSTF Indo-US IUCAA-Caltech joint Centre at IUCAA
• Explore the Roadmap for EGO-IndIGO collaboration on GW and a
possible MOU (Meeting on Nov 1-2 ,2011 at IUCAA)
• Explore Indian participation in LISA and space based GW detectors
in the future ( ASTROD 5 meeting on July 14 – 16, 2012 at RRI)
IndIGO: The Aspirations
• Set up a major experimental initiative in GW astronomy
 MOU with ACIGA to collaborate on GW Astronomy
Plan A: Partner in LIGO-Australia
– Advanced LIGO hardware for 1 detector to be shipped to Australia at the Gingin site, near Perth. NSF
approval
– Australia and International partners find funds (equiv to half the detector cost ~$140M and 10
year running cost ~$60M) within a year.
– Indian partnership at 15% of Australian cost with full data rights.
Plan B: LIGO-India
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–
–
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Letter from LIGO Labs with offer of LIGO-India and Requirement Document
Advanced LIGO hardware for 1 detector to be shipped to India.
Detector: Two 4km arm length ultra high vacuum tubes in L configuration
India provides suitable site and infrastructure to house the GW observatory, Staffing for
installing, commissioning and operation and 10 year Running costs
– Indian cost (equiv to half the detector cost ~$140M and 10 year running cost ~$60M) within a
year.
LIGO-India: Why is it a good idea?
• Geographical relocation Strategic for GW astronomy
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–
–
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Increased event rates (x4) by coherent analysis
Improved duty cycle
Improved Detection confidence
Improved Sky Coverage
Improved Source Location required for multi-messenger astronomy
Improved Determination of the two GW polarizations
• Potentially large Indian science user community in the future
– Indian demographics: youth dominated – need challenges
– Improved UG education system will produce a larger number of students
with aspirations looking for frontline research opportunity at home.
• Substantial data analysis trained faculty exists in India and
Large Data Analysis Center Facilities are being planned
LIGO-India: Indian Requirements & Status
• Indian contribution in infrastructure :
 Site
 Vacuum system
Related Controls
Data centre
 Trained manpower for installation and
commissioning
Trained manpower for LIGO-India operations for 10
years
•IndIGO Consortium working towards getting LIGO-India
identified as a National Flagship Mega Project in the
coming Five year plan in India and ensuring requirements
from the LIGO-Lab are met in time to seek the required
NSF and US govt approvals.
Indian Gravitational wave community strengths
• Very good students and post-docs produced who have
become..
* Leaders in GW research abroad [Sathyaprakash, Bose, Mohanty] (3)
*New faculty at premier institutions in India (6) [Gopakumar, Archana
Pai, Rajesh Nayak, Anand Sengupta, K.G. Arun, Sanjit Mitra, P. Ajith?]
• Strong Indian presence in GW Astronomy in the Global
detector network where broad international collaboration is the norm
 relatively easy to get well trained researchers back
• Close interactions with the very supportive International
community as reflected in the International Advisory
committee of IndIGO – Chair: Abhay Ashtekar
• LIGO-Lab participation in IndIGO schools, commitment to
training and assisting in high end technology tasks related to
GW experiments should LIGO-India come about.
Manpower generation for sustenance of LIGO-India :
Preliminary Plans & exploration
• Since Advanced LIGO will have a lead time, participants will be identified
who will be deputed to take part in the commissioning of Advanced LIGO
and later bring in the experience to LIGO-India. They will start building
groups with associated training program.
• Successful IndIGO Summer internships in International labs underway
o High UG applications 30/40 each year from IIT, IISER, NISERS,..
o 2 summers, 10 students, 1 starting PhD at LIGO-MIT
o Plan to extend to participating National labs to generate more experimenters
• IndIGO schools are planned annually to expose students to emerging opportunity in
GW science
o 1st IndIGO school in Dec 2010 in Delhi Univ. (thru IUCAA)
• Post graduate school specialization courses , or more
Jayant Narlikar: “Since sophisticated technology is involved IndIGO should like
ISRO or BARC training school set up a program where after successful
completion of the training, jobs are assured.”
IndIGO 3m Prototype Detector
Funded by TIFR Mumbai on campus (2010)PI: C. S.Unnikrishnan (Cost ~ INR 2.5cr)
Goals of the TIFR 3-m prototype interferometer (to be operational in 2014):
1) Research and Training platform with all the features of the
advanced LIGO-like detectors, scaled down to displacement
sensitivity around 10-18 m, above 200 Hz.
2) The Indian research platform for features like signal
recycling, DC read-out, and most importantly the use of
squeezed light and noise reduction (last phase).
3) Instrument for studies on short range gravity and QED force,
especially a measurement of the Casimir force in the range
10 -100 microns where no previous measurements exist
(Rajalakshmi and Unnikrishnan, Class, Quant. Grav. 27, 215007 (2010).
The TIFR 3-m prototype detector
Vibration isolation
schematic
Laser table
Sensing &
Control
180 cm
All mirros and beamsplitters
are suspended from 4-stage vib. isolators
Power recycling
Detector
Vacuum
tanks
F-P cavity
3.5 meters
6m
0.8 m
Mirror
60 cm
6m
15 cm dia. mirrors (3 kg), 1 W NPRO laser, 2 stage passive pre-isolation, 10-9 mbar UHV
Sketch of expected sensitivity for 3-m prototype
10-14
10-15
Seismic (best and worst case, dashed)
Old
LIGO
l ( m / Hz ) 10-16
10-17
Best case total
SQL
suspension noise
10-18
10-19
Shot noise
10-20
1
10
Frequency (Hz)
100
1000
10000
Signal recycling + Squeezing
Recent and Ongoing IndIGO Projects, Plans..
• 2009 – 2011: Indo-Australian project: DST/INT/AUS/P-26/08
Establishing Australian-Indian collaboration on gravitational
wave astronomy, [Bala Iyer (RRI), Sanjeev Dhurandhar (IUCAA), C.S. Unnikrishnan (TIFR), David Blair
(UWA), Ju Li (UWA), Chunnong Zhao (UWA)]
• 2011 - DST-JSPS S&T scheme approved
Coherent multi-detector gravitational wave search using LCGT and
advanced interferometers [Archana Pai (IISER-TVM, PI ), Co-PI: Anand S. Sengupta (Delhi University), K. G.
Arun (CMI), M.K. Haris (IISER,-TVM) , Sanjeev Dhurandhar (IUCAA). Hideyuki Tagoshi (Osaka University, PI) , N. Kanda (Osaka City
University), H. Takanishi (Yamanashi Eiwa College), M. K. Fujimoto (National Astronomical Observatory of Japan)] .
• 2011 - IUSSTF Proposal approved Indo-US Center for GW Physics
and Astronomy [Nodal Center: IUCAA India: Tarun Souradeep (IUCAA), K.G. Arun (CMI), Sanjeev Dhurandhar
(IUCAA), A. Gopakumar (TIFR), Archana Pai (IISER-TVM), Anand Sengupta (Delhi Univ), C.S. Unnikrishnan (TIFR) USA: Rana Adhikari
(Caltech), P. Ajith (Caltech), Sukanta Bose (Washington Univ), Yanbei Chen (Caltech), Sanjit Mitra (JPL), Stanley Whitcomb (Caltech)]
• Meeting on Nov 1-2 ,2011 at IUCAA to explore the Roadmap for
EGO-IndIGO collaboration on GW and a possible MOU
Indo-US centre for Gravitational Physics and
Astronomy @ IUCAA
APPROVED for funding (Dec 2010)
• Centre of Indo-US Science and Technology Forum (IUSSTF)
• Exchange program to fund mutual visits and
facilitate interaction.
• Nodal centres: IUCAA , India & Caltech, US.
• Institutions:
Indian: IUCAA, TIFR, IISER, DU, CMI - PI: Tarun Souradeep
US:
Caltech, WSU
- PI: Rana Adhikari
Participation in LSC during Advanced LIGO
Proposed Data Analysis activities of the IndIGO Consortium
•Principal Leads: K.G. Arun, R.Nayak, A. Pai, A. Sengupta, S. Mitra
• Participants: S. Dhurandhar, T.Souradeep, B. R. Iyer, C.K. Mishra,
M.K. Harris,….
• Institutions: CMI, IUCAA, IISER (Kolkata), IISER (Tvm), Univ of Delhi
•Projects
• Multi-detector Coherent veto
•Tests of GR and alternative theories of gravity
•Stochastic Gravitational wave background analysis
• IndIGO Data Center
IndIGO Data Centre
@
IUCAA
Anand Sengupta, DU, IndIGO
 Primary Science: Online Coherent search for GW signal from
binary mergers using data from global detector network
Coherent  4 x event rate (40  160 /yr for NS-NS)
 Role of IndIGO data centre
 Large Tier-2 data/compute centre for archival of GWdata and analysis
 Bring together data-analysts within the Indian gravity wave community.
 Puts IndIGO on the global map for international collaboration with LIGO
Science Collab. wide facility. Part of LSC participation from IndIGO
 Large University sector participation via IUCAA
• 200 Tflops peak capability (by 2014)
• Storage: 4x100TB per year per interferometer.
• Network: gigabit+ backbone, National Knowledge Network
• Gigabit dedicatedlink to LIGO lab Caltech
• 20 Tf 200 Tb funded IUCAA : ready Mid 2012
RRCAT (Next Plan period): Advanced Interferometry
(Narrow line width Frequency Stabilised laser development)
The laser will be an injection seeded Nd;YAG or Yb:Silica fiber laser locked to a stabilized reference
cavity. The target would be to demonstrate a laser with 1W output and sub-kHz line width and few Hz
stability. Scaling up of the power to 10W will be done as the next step.
RRCAT: Advanced Interferometry
(Ultraflat Components development)
Development of Ultraflat Optical
components such as mirrors for GWD will
require augmenting the existing facility with
an ion beam figuring system for final
correction of the polished optics to /500
or better.
Photonics @ IIT-Madras
11 faculty members (8 in EE, 3 in Physics)
10 M. Tech scholars in EE (Photonics)
20+ research scholars (M.S. and Ph.D.)
Research specializations
➲ Optical communications
➲ Fiber lasers
➲ Diffractive optical elements
➲ Silicon photonics, plasmonics
➲ Nonlinear and quantum optics
➲ Metrology and instrumentation
Strong industry partnerships
Possible IndIGO Contributions
to 3G Detectors (ET)
•Development of the lasers systems, investigate emerging laser
technologies such as fiber lasers for developing a suitable laser
for 3rd generation detector.
•Develop squeezed light sources suitable for use in GWD.
•Design and development of diffractive optical components for
generating higher order Laguerre-Gauss mode laser beams.
•Investigate instabilities due to quantum back action on cavity
mirrors.
•Development of high flatness fused silica/silicon optics and
develop fabrication and metrology techniques.
Possible IndIGO Contributions
to 3G Detectors (ET)
•Design and development of high power optical coating for the
detector optics.
•Develop techniques for absorption measurement of high purity
Si as a possible optical substrate at 1.5 micron laser wavelength.
•Develop high accuracy wavefront sensing and laser scanning
based thermal compensation of cavity mirrors.
•Investigate possible techniques to cool the detector mirrors in a
non contact way (laser cooling of Yb doped glasses have been
demonstrated)
Summary
• Over two decades India has been involved in quality GW research and been a
part of the International GW community
• Since 2009 Indian aspirations involve participation in a major GW experiment
eventually leading to a GW detector in India
• The Indian Aspirations in GW research are represented by the IndIGO
Consortium
• With help from the International GW community IndIGO has made significant
progress to integrate to the GWIC plans towards the setting up of a GW detector
network
• IndIGO has concrete plans as outlined in the presentation to increase
participation in GW research in the coming years.
• By becoming a member of GWIC, IndIGO can contribute more effectively in the
future towards the GWIC agenda to detect GW leading on to Gravitational wave
Astronomy..
THANK YOU
LIGO-India: … the challenges
Indian Site
Requirements:
• Low seismicity
• Low human generated noise
• Air connectivity
• Proximity to Academic institutions, labs, industry preferred, …
Preliminary exploration:
IISc new campus & adjoining campuses near Chitra Durga
• low seismicity
• Solid rock base
• 1hr from International airport
• Bangalore: science & tech hub
• National science facilities complex plans  power and
other infrastructure availability, ….
Courtesy: Steven Fairhurst
Courtesy: S. Klimenko and G. Vedovato
LIGO-India: … the opportunity
Strategic Geographical relocation
Polarization info
Uniformity of Sky coverage
Courtesy: S. Klimenko and G. Vedovato
LIGO-India: … the opportunity
Strategic Geographical relocation
Source localization error
5-15 degrees to
~degree !!!
LIGO-India: … the opportunity
Strategic Geographical relocation
- the science gain
Sky coverage
: Synthesized
Network
beam
(antenna power)
Courtesy: Bernard Schutz
LIGO-India: … the opportunity
Strategic Geographical relocation
- the science gain
Sky coverage: ‘reach’ /sensitivity in different directions
Courtesy: Bernard Schutz
Strategic geographical relocation comparison
Network
HHLV
HILV
AHLV
Mean horizon
distance
1.74
1.57
1.69
Detection
Volume
8.98
8.77
8.93
41.00%
54.00%
44.00%
Triple
Detection
Rate(80%)
4.86
5.95
6.06
Triple
Detection
Rate(95%)
7.81
8.13
8.28
Sky
Coverage:
81%
47.30%
79.00%
53.50%
Directional
Precision
0.66
2.02
3.01
Volume
Filling factor
Courtesy Bernard Schutz
IndIGO: Activity details
•
•
•
•
•
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December 2007: ICGC , IUCAA, IndIGO coined by Anand Sengupta;
HF Indian detector using Initial LIGO hardware (Rana Adhikari)
January 2009: Kochi meeting; Avenues for possible Indo-Australian collaboration were discussed
with David Blair
Jan – June 2009 : Contacting first possible experimenters for the project
June 2009:
Sanction of DST Project DST/INT/AUS/P-26/2009 on
Establishing Australian -Indian collaboration in Gravitational wave Astronomy
August 2009: Indian experimental gravitational wave effort: Scope and Feasibility,
IUCAA, Pune. Panel Discussion at IUCAA Reunion..
• Need of setting up a body to steer activities the complex and
manifold activities linked to GW astronomy was realized and the
IndIGO Consortium was set up with Sanjeev Dhurandhar as
Spokesperson.
•
•
•
•
Visits to ISRO facilities at LEOS and SAC to learn of available facilities & expertise
October 2009: First Galileo-Xu Guangqi Meeting, Shanghai, China
Contact with senior members of LIGO, Virgo, GEO, LCGT and ACIGA for detailed discussions and a
critical review of the possible road-map for a realistic Indian Initiative in GW Astronomy.
IndIGO International Advisory Committee set up
IndIGO Council was set up
IndIGO: Activity details
•
•
December 2009: Document IndIGO: An Indian Initiative in Gravitational Wave
Astronomy prepared and mailed to Directors of Institutions with possible interest
in GW Astronomy & leaders of the Indian Science community.
February 2010:
- Visit to Hind High Vacuum to discuss possibility to take up ultra-high vacuum
responsibility in AIGO
- 3 day Conference on Australian International Gravitational Observatory: Project
Plan and benefits, and 3 day Workshop at Perth, Australia on Experimental
General Relativity and Visit to Gingin prototype, Australia. Many meetings with
colleagues in ACIGA (Robyn Owens, David Blair, Jesper Munch, David McClelland,
Jackie Davidson) and LIGO ( Jay Marx, Stan Whitcomb) to discuss the strategy of
collaboration and the timescales involved due to the possibility of LIGO-Australia.
• Nine Institutions in India have currently agreed to sign an
MOU with ACIGA and be part of a proposal to seek funding to
participate in LIGO-Australia.
•
•
June 2010: Gravitational Wave International Committee (GWIC) Letter of Support
for IndIGO
July 2010: IndIGO document sent to Dr. R. Chidambaram, Principal Science
Advisor, Govt of India. PSA sent to honorary consultant Dr. D.D. Bhawalkar.
IndIGO: Activity details
•
•
•
Summer 2010: 2 UG students (Nancy Agarwal [IIT - Mumbai] and Sharmila Devi
[NISER]) selected as Visiting students at Caltech and 4 UG students (Sibasish
Banerjee [IISER Kolkata] , Dibya Chakraborti [IISER Kolkata], Avaneet Antal [ IIT
Guwahati] Amit Nag [IISER Kolkata]) at Univ Texas, Brownesville. Parampreet Walia,
Pushkar Kopparla, Abhishek Sharan, Jaspreet Sandhu from IIT Delhi interned at
University of Western Australia and Gingin.
August 2010: IndIGO homepage set up http://gw-indigo.org/
September 2010:
-A
3 metre advanced prototype GW detector funded at TIFR
under C.S. Unnikrishnan.
- MOU signed with ACIGA on behalf of the Directors of seven Nodal
Indian Institutions.
•
-Positive feedback and suggestions obtained from Office of Principal Science
Advisor based on Dr Bhawalkar’s report encouraging to seek funding of the order of
20M $.
October 2010: Suresh Doravari joined LIGO Caltech as Post-doc fellow on the 40m
• December 2010: First IndIGO School on Gravitational Wave Astronomy
2010 (ISGWA-2010) organized by IUCAA Resource Center, University of
Delhi, for UG and graduate students.
•
-Approval of Indo-US (IUSSTF) proposal for joint Indo-US Center for GW Physics
and Astronomy
January-February 2011 : Setting up of IndIGO National Steering Commitee and
IndIGO Program Management Committee.
IndIGO: Activity details
• February 2011: The Indian Road-Map for Gravitational Wave
Astronom: IndIGO - ACIGA meeting on LIGO-Australia. 3 day
Meeting in Delhi of members of IndIGO, ACIGA and LIGO
•
•
•
- Archana Pai awarded Max Planck India Partner Group
March 2011 : Proposal Outline to seek Funds for IndIGO participation in LIGO-Australia submitted
to DAE and DST
- SURF student Nancy Agarwal to join MIT with Nergis Mavalvala for Ph.D
- Approval of Indo-Japanese Joint proposal under DST-JSPS S&T : Coherent multi-detector
gravitational wave search using LCGT and advanced interferometers.
April 2011: Anil Prabhakar ( IIT Chennai) and Pradeep Kumar (IIT Kanpur) join in IndIGO
experimental activities including 3m prototype
- Sanjit Mitra to join IUCAA as Faculty
May 2011: Visits to IPR to explore IPR participation in IndIGO
- Abhay Ashtekar Joins IndIGO International Advisory Committee as Chair
-Prof. P.K. Kaw (Director IPR) and Prof. Ajit Kembhavi (Director IUCAA) join IndIGO National
Steering Committee
-IIT Madras joins IndIGO Consortium
May 2011 - : LIGO-India concept proposal explored
June 2011………
LIGO-India
Dear Prof. Kasturirangan,
1 June 2011
In its road-map with a thirty year horizon, the Gravitational Wave International Committee (a working
unit of the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics, IUPAP) has identified the expansion of the
global network of gravitational wave interferometer observatories as a high priority for maximizing the
scientific potential of gravitational wave observations. We are writing to you to put forward a concept
proposal on behalf of LIGO Laboratory (USA) and the IndIGO Consortium, for a Joint Partnership venture
to set up an Advanced gravitational wave detector at a suitable Indian site. In what follows this project is
referred to as LIGO-India. The key idea is to utilize the high technology instrument components already
fabricated for one of the three Advanced LIGO interferometers in an infrastructure provided by India
that matches that of the US Advanced LIGO observatories.
LIGO-India could be operational early in the lifetime of the advanced versions of gravitational wave
observatories now being installed the US (LIGO) and in Europe (Virgo and GEO) and would be of great value
not only to the gravitational wave community, but to broader physics and astronomy research by launching
an era of gravitational wave astronomy, including, the fundamental first direct detection of gravitational
waves. As the southernmost member observatory of the global array of gravitational wave detectors, India
would be unique among nations leading the scientific exploration of this new window on the universe. The
present proposal promises to achieve this at a fraction of the total cost of independently establishing a fullyequipped and advanced observatory. It also offers technology that was developed over two decades of
highly challenging global R&D effort that preceded the success of Initial LIGO gravitational wave detectors
and the design of their advanced version.
LIGO-India: Why is it a good idea?
for IndIGO
• Has a 20 year legacy and wide recognition in the Intl. GW community with
seminal contributions to Source modeling (RRI)& Data Analysis (IUCAA). High
precision measurements (TIFR), Participation in LHC (RRCAT)
•
(Would not make it to the GWIC report, otherwise!)
–
AIGO/LIGO/EGO strong interest in fostering Indian community
– GWIC invitation to IndIGO join as member (July 2011)
• Provides an exciting challenge at an International forefront of experimental
science. Can tap and siphon back the extremely good UG students trained in
India. (Sole cause of `brain drain’).
– 1st yr summer intern 2010  MIT for PhD
– Indian experimental scientist  Postdoc at LIGO training for Adv. LIGO subsystem
• Indian experimental expertise related to GW observatories will thrive and attain
high levels due to LIGO-India.
– Sendhil Raja, RRCAT, Anil Prabhakar, EE, IIT Madras, Pradeep Kumar, EE, IITK Photonics
– Vacuum expertise with RRCAT (S.K. Shukla, A.S. Raja Rao) , IPR (S.K. Bhatt, Ajai Kumar)
• Jump start direct participation in GW observations/astronomy
–
going beyond analysis methodology & theoretical prediction --- to full fledged
participation in experiment, data acquisition, analysis and astronomy results.
• For once, may be perfect time to a launch into a promising field (GW
astronomy) with high end technological spinoffs well before it has obviously
blossomed. Once in a generation opportunity to host an Unique
International Experiment here.
Gravitational Wave Detectors (Interferometric)
(IndIGO Technology Development Strategy)
Scenario 1: LIGO-Australia gets funded
•IndIGO participates with a contribution in kind and manpower to an extent of
15% of the total project cost.
•IndIGO consortium members have expertise in development of lasers, optics
and instruments for various application.
•The experience gained in the installation and commissioning of the
interferometer is used to fine tune the R&D activity to develop the laser and
optics technology required for these detectors.
•IndIGO then applies for funding to build a 2nd generation detector at a
suitable site in India and during the science runs of the 2nd generation detector
continues the R&D activity in lasers, optics and related technology for a 3rd
generation detector.
•The site and instrument design for the 2nd generation is suitably chosen so
that it can be upgrade to the 3rd generation detector at the same site and with
the same civil infrastructure.
(IndIGO Technology Development Strategy..)
Scenario 2: LIGO-India gets funded
•IndIGO installs and commissions the Advanced-LIGO with the lasers and optics
supplied by LIGO.
•IndIGO contributes as a 50:50 partner of project cost in terms of the site, civil
structures and the vacuum system.
•The experience gained in the installation and commissioning of the LIGO-India
interferometer is used to fine tune the R&D activity towards developing the laser and
optics technology required for a 3rd generation detector.
•IndIGO develops a laser system and a set of optics (indigenously) matching the specs
of the laser and optics in Advanced-LIGO to serve as standby (spares) for LIGO-India.
•IndIGO then applies for funding to develop the sub-systems for a 3rd generation
detector and during the science runs of the 2nd generation detector continues the
R&D activity in lasers, optics and participates in international efforts on building the
sub-systems for a 3rd generation detector.
•The site and instrument design for the LIGO-India is suitably chosen so that after the
science runs are over technology upgrades can be tested in the same civil
infrastructure towards realizing the technology for the 3rd generation detector.
•IndIGO applies for funding to either develop a 3rd generation detector or participate
in an international 3rd generation detector.
Possible IndIGO Contributions to ET (3rd G Detector)
•Contribute towards development of the lasers systems, investigate emerging laser
technologies such as fiber lasers for developing a suitable laser for 3rd generation
detector.
•Develop squeezed light sources suitable for use in GWD.
•Design and development of diffractive optical components for generating higher
order Laguerre-Gauss mode laser beams.
•Investigate instabilities due to quantum back action on cavity mirrors.
•Development of high flatness fused silica/silicon optics and develop fabrication and
metrology techniques.
•Design and development of high power optical coating for the detector optics.
•Develop techniques for absorption measurement of high purity Si as a possible
optical substrate at 1.5 micron laser wavelength.
•Develop high accuracy wavefront sensing and laser scanning based thermal
compensation of cavity mirrors.
•Investigate possible techniques to cool the detector mirrors in a non contact way
(laser cooling of Yb doped glasses have been demonstrated)