Study Guide for
Chapter 3
Cells: The Basic Unit of
Life
Plant Cells vs Animal Cells
• Plants have a Cell Wall
• Plants have Chloroplasts
• Plants have a LARGE central Vacuole
Plants vs Animal Cells
• Lysosomes found mostly in Animal
Cells
Robert Hooke
• The 1st person to discover cells
• In 1665, looked at cork in a
compound microscope he invented
Anton van Leeuwenhoek1673
• Another person
• 1st person to see bacteria
• Looked at pond scum and found “little
animals” (protists)
Protists=SingleCelled Eukaryotes
like Paramecium
• Looked at animal blood and saw
differences in different animals
Human Blood
200 Years Later….
CELL THEORY
• Schleiden-1838
– Studied Plants: “All plants have cells”
• Schwann-1839
– Studied Animals: “All animals have cells”
• Virchow-1858
– All cells could form only from other cells
CELL THEORY
• All organisms are made of one or
more cells
• The cell is the basic unit of all living
things
• All cells come from existing cells
All living things are
made of cells!!
Organisms are either…
1) Single-Cell
• Bacteria
• Archaea
2) Multi-Cellular (many cells)
• Plants
• Animals
Advantages to
being Multi-Cellular
• Larger Size
-more likely to be a predator instead of
prey
• Longer Life
-cell dies, but not organism
• Specialization
-each cell has a different job (ex: heart
muscle cell makes heart pump blood)
Prokayotes vs. Eukaryotes
• All living things are made of…
Cells
Prokaryotes
Such As
Bacteria
Example Bacteria
(Prokaryote)
Eukaryotes
Such As
Archea
plants
humans
NO
NUCLEUS
HAVE A
NUCLEUS
NO
M EM BRANEBOUND
ORGANELLES
HAVE OTHER
M EM BRANEBOUND
ORGANELLES
Six Characteristics of Living
Things
Living things have all of these:
• Have Cells
• Sense and respond to change
• Reproduce (an ant can not make an
elephant)
• Have DNA
• Use Energy (make food/break down
food)
• Grow and Develop
“Can She Really Drink Elmer’s Glue”
Basic Needs of All Living
Things
•Food
•Water
•Shelter
•Air
Five Building Blocks of Living
Things (PLANC)
•
•
•
•
•
Proteins
Lipids
ATP
Nucleic Acids
Carbohydrates
Levels of Organization
• Cells=smallest functional and structural unit of
all living organisms
• Tissue=a group of similar cells that perform a
common function
– 4 types in animals: nerve, muscle, connective,
protective
– 3 types in plants: Transport, protective,
ground
• Organs-a collection of tissues that carry out a
specialized function (stomach, intestines, brain,
lungs)
• Organ Systems -A group of organs that work
together to perform body functions (skeletal,
muscular, digestive, circulatory, respiratory,
excretory, nervous)
• Organism=a living thing, anything that can
carry out life processes independently
Example: Animal Levels of
Organization
• Organism
– Human
• Organ System
– Digestive System
• Organ
– Stomach
• Tissue
– Muscle Tissue: Makes food move
– Connective Tissue: Holds stomach together
– Nervous Tissue: Carries messages back and forth
• Cell
– Muscle Cell
– Nerve Cell
Example: Plant Level of
Organization
• Organism
– Plant
• Organ System
– Leaf Systems
– Root Systems
– Stem Systems
• Organ
– Leaf: contains tissues that trap energy to make food
– Stems
– Roots
• Tissue
– Transport: Moves water and nutrients thru plant
– Protective: Covers the plant
– Ground: Where photosynthesis takes place
• Cell