Pan American Health Organization
XIII INTERAMERICAN
CONFERENCE OF
MINISTERS OF LABOR
SEPTEMBER 24 TO 26, 2003
SALVADOR, STATE OF BAHIA
BRASIL
PAN AMERICAN HEALTH ORGANIZATION
Pan American Sanitary Bureau, Regional Office of the
WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION
DR. LUZ MARITZA TENNASSEE
PAHO-2K
PAHO as a Specialized Agency of the
UN and the
Inter–American System
Pan American Health Organization
Specialized Agency
of the Organization
of
American States
Inter–American
System
UN
System
PAHO
Regional Office
of the
World Health Organization
PAHO-2K
Office of External Relations
Pan
Pan American
American Health
Health Organization
Organization
Workers’ Health
Health in
in the
the Americas
Americas
Workers’
Human
Rights
048TEN2K
4
Democracy
Equity
Human Sustainable Development
PAHO-2K
PAHO-2K
Pan American Health Organization
Workers’ Health
“Occupational Health and Safety:
a high priority in the global, international
and national agenda”
Johannesburg
Summit 2002
Kofi A. Annan
Secretary General
United Nations
PAHO-2K
Pan American Health Organization
Globalization: impact on work
III Summit of the
Americas 2001
XII Inter-American Conference
of the Ministers of Labor
October 2001
•Declaration and Plan of Action
(OAS, ILO, PAHO, IDB, WB,
ECLAC)
Organization of
American States
PAHO-2K
Pan American Health Organization
UN Millennium Development Goals
Relation to Workers’ Health
GOALS:
• Eradicate Extreme
Poverty and Hunger
CONTRIBUTION:
•Synergy with Labor and Health
Ministers, Private Sector, NGOs
Unions to Create and Maintain a
Healthy Workplaces
•Promote Gender, Equality
and Empower Women
•Basic Skills for Women to
Improve Housing and Working
Conditions
•Reduce Child Mortality and
Improve Maternal Health
•Improvement in Working
Conditions to promote and
protect parental Health
•Combat HIV/AIDS
•Through Promotion in the
Workplace and healthcare
Sector
PAHO-2K
Pan American Health Organization
Competitiveness and Safety
Sources: World Competitiveness Report,
Lausanne; ILO/SafeWork
90
80
70
Competitiveness (World Competitiveness Report)
Index
60
50
40
30
20
Fatal accidents/100 000 workers
10
0
PAHO-2K
Pan American Health Organization
Burden of Disease: Economic Impact
Life
Mortality Under
Development Population GNP Per Capita
(Millions)
Expectancy Five Years
Category
(US Dls)
LeastDevelopment
Countries
643
296
51
159
Lower-MiddleIncome
Countries
2,094
1,200
70
39
HighIncome
Countries
891
25,730
78
6
PAHO-2K
Pan American Health Organization
Dominican
Republic
Guatemala
Turnover of Personnel
45% - 12%
Accidents
decreased to zero
Absenteeism 80%
Absenteeism
decreased from
5% to 1%
Operation costs 30%
Global efficiency 48%- 80%
Staff increase 30%
Production 350%
Return on investment 372%
(costos/beneficios)!!!
…the
consequences of
investing in health
and safety...
PAHO-2K
Pan American Health Organization
The Regional Plan on Workers’ Health
Strategic and
Programmatic
Orientations 1999-2007
Resolution DC XIII 1999
Strategic Plan 2003-2007
Inter-disciplinary
Transnational
Intersectoral
Human Sustainable
Development
PAHO-2K
Pan American Health Organization
Regional Plan on Workers Health
Actors:
- International
- Governmental
- Labor Organizations
- Private Sector
- NGOs
- Universities
- Media
“Improve the living
conditions, health and
safety in the workplace,
and the well-being of the
working population, to
advance towards human
sustainable
development”
- Collaborating Centers
• Quality of work environment
• Policy and legislation
• Workers’ health promotion
• Comprehensive health services
STRATEGIC AREAS
PAHO-2K
Pan American Health Organization
Workers’ Health Prevention
Clean Production
Pre-market Testing
Substitution and Elimination
Engineering Control
Environmental Monitoring
Primary
Prevention
Personal Protective Devices
Biological Monitoring
Pre-clinical Medical Examination
Secondary
Prevention
Diagnosis
Therapy
Tertiary
Prevention
Rehabilitation
PAHO-2K
Pan American Health Organization
DRIVING FORCES
PAHO-2K
… and Free Trade, Reform Processes, Labor Flexibilization
Pan American Health Organization
PRESSURES
New Technologies:
Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering
PAHO-2K
Pan American Health Organization
Transfer of Technology
Industrial Free-Tariff Zones: Maquilas
- 2nd largest source of foreign
exchange in Mexico
- 70% are U.S. owned
- Fastest growing sector of the
economies of Mexico and Central
America
- Chemical hazards: xylene, ethyl
benzene, methylene chloride,
acetone, toluene.
PAHO-2K
Pan American Health Organization
MAQUILA SECTOR IN CENTRAL AMERICA
 Increased Migration
 70%-80% Women
 Chronometric control
 Piece-work wages
 Labor instability
 Sexual harassment
Unhealthy environment and
poor dwellings
PAHO-2K
Pan American Health Organization
STATE
Informal Sector
PAHO-2K
Pan American Health Organization
EXPOSURE
Risk Profiles
• Ergonomic
• Biological
• Physical
• Chemical
• Psychosocial
PAHO-2K
EFFECTS
Impact of Occupational Injuries and
Diseases
Pan American Health Organization
• 36 Injuries/minute
• 5 Million/year
• 90,000 Fatal injuries/year
• 300 Deaths/day
• 9%-12% of GDP in LAC
PAHO-2K
Pan American Health Organization
LABOR INEQUALITIES
• Income below basic needs level:
20%-40% Salaried workers
• Occupational health services:
30% of formal sector
• Mortality rate non-professionals/professionals: 3:1
• Fatal occupational injuries LAC/USA: 3:1
• Mortality of Hispanics in USA (construction): + 40%
• Higher impact:
children, women, migrants, elderly, indigenous
PAHO-2K
Pan American Health Organization
Unemployment
Homicides
Suicides
Violence
Occupational
Cancer
Reproductive
Problems
Occupational
Stress
Musculoskeletal
Disorders
Social
Injustice
Syndrome
Alcoholism and
Substance Abuse
Infectious
Diseases
Poisoning
Accidents and Injuries
Cardiovascular
Diseases
Hearing Loss
Respiratory
Problems
PAHO-2K
HEALTHY WORKPLACES
Pan American Health Organization
Brazil
Industrial Sector
SESI
Informal Sector
Hispanics in USA
EPA, NSC, OSHA,
NAHH
- New Working Culture
- Personal and Collective
Development
- Public Participation
- Improvement of Working
and Community Environments
Regional Global network
(HECONET)
• Network of Collaborating
Centers: Chile - CanadaColombia
Central America
• Agreement PAHO- 8
Ministers of Labor
• CARICOM
19 COUNTRIES
• IDB
• DOL (USA)
Workers’ Health Promotion
PAHO-2K
Pan American Health Organization
PAHO/WHO COLLABORATING
CENTERS
CCOHS
Centre Hospitalier
de Québec
U Illinois
CINBIOSE
U Michigan
U Mass. Lowell
CBNS
John Hopkins U
NIOSH
AREAS OF
COLLABORATION
• Research
• Training
INSAT
U Texas
• Information
MINSA
• Outreach
ISP
ACHS
FUNDACENTRO
PAHO-2K
Pan American Health Organization
INTER-AGENCY SUPPORT
PAHO - AOS
HORIZONTAL
COOPERATION
CONSOLIDATED PROGRAMS
PAHO-2K
Pan American Health Organization
Comprehensive Services
Agreement PAHO - ILO
Extend Social Protection
and Health Coverage
within Excluded Groups
Organize Pilot Projects.
Project
FASBASE - PAHO
- World Bank
Conceptual
Framework
Development of
Training Guides
www.cepis.ops-oms.org
Coordination:
• Ministers of Health
• Municipalities
• Public and Private Social Security
• Companies
• NGOs
PAHO-2K
• Workers’ Clinics
Pan American Health Organization
PROGRAM ON
WORKERS’
HEALTH, GENDER
AND EQUITY
- New working culture
- Personal and collective
development
- Public participation
- Improvement of working
and community
environments
PAHO-2K
PAHO, Min. of Labor, SICA, COMISCA, RESSCAD
Pan American Health Organization
DEVELOPMENT
OF TOOLS
TO FACILITATE
THE
•=
IMPLEMENTATION
OF THE INITIATIVE
HEALTH STANDARDS
PAHO-2K
Pan American Health Organization
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH STANDARDS
.
Levels
REGIONAL &
SUB-REGIONAL
NATIONAL
SECTORAL
Objectives
• IMPROVE THE WELL-BEING AND PRODUCTIVITY OF THE LABOR
FORCE AND OF SOCIETY
• NEGOTIATE FAVORABLE WORKING CONDITIONS WITHIN
INTEGRATION AND FREE TRADE PROCESSES
• PROVIDE A BASIS FOR THE FORMULATION OF PUBLIC POLICY,
LEGISLATION AND ADVOCACY
• STRENGHTEN THE CAPACITY OF COUNTRIES TO PROMOTE AND
PROTECT WORKERS HEALTH
• STRENGTHEN THE CAPACITY TO IMPLEMENT WORKERS HEALTH
STANDARDS AND TO PROMOTE PREVENTIVE PROGRAMS
• PROMOTE FOLLOW-UP MECHANISMS FOR WORKERS HEALTH
WORKPLACE
• ENSURE THE WORKERS RIGTHS TO INFORMATION AND
PAHO-2K
PARTICIPATION
Pan American Health Organization
Workers’ Health Standards
Maquiladora (M) - Floriculture (F)
INTEGRATION MECHANISMS
PAHO/WHO - IDB - PROALCA/USAID ILO - SID
SICA
INTERINSTITUTIONAL AND
INTERSECTORAL
COMMISCA
RESSCAD
IRET
MASICA
ICAES
(PLAGSALUD)
ITCA
COR
M/F
PAN
F
COORDINATION
INTERPROGRAMMATIC
ACTION
NIC
M
ELS
M
National
MoH
HON
M
BEL
M
GUA
F
DOR
M.
...
Councils of Occupational Health
MoE
MoL
ISS
National
Country
Projects
Network
NGOs, Labor,
Employers,
Civil Society
PARTICIPATIVE
PLANNING
PAHO-2K
Health and Safety Committees
Pan American Health Organization
PAHO/WHO
COLLABORATING
CENTERS
COMBIOSE
QUEBEC
OEA
CCOHS HAMILTON
ONTARIO
IDB
U. LEON
NICARAGUA
SAN LUIS UNIVERSITY,
GUATEMALA
AREAS OF
COLLABORATION
• Research
COLOMBIA
• Training
CERSSO,
EL SALVADOR
• Information
IRET
PAHO
COSTA RICA
FUNDACENTRO
• Outreach
PAHO-2K
Pan American Health Organization
Healthy Workplaces
Toolkit
Nicaragua, Honduras,
El Salvador and
Guatemala
Maquila and
Floriculture
PAHO- ILO - DoL (CERSSO)
PAHO-2K
Pan American Health Organization
The novelty of this toolkit - HWI-:
Seeks to strengthen the active
participation of people involved in
workplaces: that is, workers and
employers who execute most of the
activities, which are monitored by a
team of facilitators.
PAHO-2K
Pan American Health Organization
Health of Hispanic Workers
TOPICS
• Inequities
• Environmental Justice
• Migrant Workers
• Border Health
ACTORS
• EPA, OSHA, NIOSH
(public sector)
• NSC, 3M (private sector)
• National Alliance for Hispanic
Health (NGOs)
• PAHO, ILO, NAALC
PAHO-2K
(international organizations
)
HEALTHY HOTELS & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH IN
THE REFORM OF THE HEALTH SECTOR
Pan American Health Organization
PAHO-2K
Pan American Health Organization
WORKERS’ HEALTH
Basic Rights, Working Conditions, Safety and Health,
PAHO-2K
Occupational Health Services