UNCLASSIFIED
Emergency Management
Assistance Compact
(EMAC)
January 2006
1
As of 1 April 2007
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
What is EMAC?
Emergency Management Assistance Compact
(EMAC) is:
• A national Governor’s interstate mutual aid compact
• A compact that facilitates the sharing of resources, personnel
and equipment across state lines during times of disaster and
emergency
• Formalized into law by member states
2
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
EMAC History
1996: Ratified by the United States Congress and
signed into law (PL 104-321)
1999: Since 1999, state members have activated EMAC
53 times for emergency events
3
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
EMAC Mission
• Facilitate the efficient and effective sharing of resources
between member states during times of disaster or
emergency
4
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
EMAC Purpose
5
EMAC does:
EMAC does NOT:
• Maximize use of all
available resources
• Coordinate deployment of
EMAC resources with
National Response Plan
resources
• Expedite and streamline
delivery of assistance
between member states
• Protect state sovereignty
• Provide management and
oversight
• Replace Federal support
• Alter a state’s operational
direction and control
• Move resources from
county to county, city to city,
or locality to locality
• Endorse self-deployments
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
EMAC Members
• As of 2006, all 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto
Rico, and the US Virgin Islands have enacted EMAC
legislation.
6
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
EMAC Endorsements
• The Southern, Midwestern, Western, New England and
National Governors’ Associations (NGA)
• Adjutants General Association of the United States (AGAUS)
• Midwestern Legislative Conference (MLC)
• National Guard Bureau (NGB)
• Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)
• Department of Homeland Security (DHS)
7
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
How Does EMAC Work?
8
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
EMAC Activation (simplified)
1. Governor issues state of emergency
2. Authorized representative from the affected state alerts EMAC National
Coordinating Group
3. Affected state requests A-Team deployment or uses in-house EMAC A-Team
trained personnel
4. A-Team works with State to
determine assistance via
EMAC Operations System
5. A-Team helps state determine
costs and availability of
resources
• Feedback
• Adjustments
7. Resources are sent
to affected state
6. States complete requisitions and
negotiation of costs (RUF defined)
8. Responding state requests reimbursement
9. Responding state reimbursed
9
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
EMAC Applications
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
State/Local EOC Support
Damage assessment
Disaster recovery
Logistics
Donations management
Security
Communications
Fire fighting
Aviation support
Biological/chemical events
Medical personnel/resources
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Hazard mitigation
Community outreach
Search and rescue
Debris clearance
Information & planning
Public Health
Hazardous materials
Human services/mass care
Animal control
Information/planning
Terrorist events
Any capability of member states can be
shared among member states
10
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
EMAC Response To
Hurricanes
Katrina and Rita
11
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
Total EMAC Response
Current 1/17/2006
Total estimated EMAC response to Hurricanes Katrina and
Rita (Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Texas, NCT,
and RCT):
65,714 Personnel Deployed*
19,353 Civilian
46,361 National Guard
$8,277 M Estimated Cost*
12
* See Notes Page
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
Hurricane Katrina
Louisiana (LA)
Mississippi (MS)
8/28/05 – EMAC A-Team deployed
8/29/05 – Katrina made landfall
8/27/05 – EMAC A-Team deployed
8/29/05 – Katrina made landfall
• 986 Requests for Assistance
• 37,8365 Personnel deployed*
– 7,726 Civilian
– 29,639 National Guard
• $4,246M Estimated cost*
• 889 Requests for Assistance
• 23,887 Personnel deployed*
– 10,383 Civilian
– 13,504 National Guard
• $3,455M Estimated cost*
Image courtesy of NOAA
Total Estimated EMAC Response to Katrina (LA & MS):
• 1,875 Requests for Assistance
• 61,252 Personnel Deployed
– 18,109 Civilian
– 43,143 National Guard
• $7,701M Estimated Cost
13
* See Notes Page
Current as of: 1/17/2006
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
Hurricane Rita
Louisiana (LA)
Texas (TX)
9/24/05 – Rita made landfall
9/24/05 – Rita made landfall
• 159 Requests for Assistance
• 4,127 Personnel deployed*
– 1,021 Civilian
– 3,106 National Guard
• $553M Estimated cost*
• 80 Requests for Assistance
• 234 Personnel deployed*
– 158 Civilian
– 76 National Guard
• $20M Estimated cost*
Image courtesy of NOAA
Total Estimated EMAC Response to Rita (LA & TX):
• 239 Requests for Assistance
• 4,361 Personnel Deployed
– 1,179 Civilian
– 3,182 National Guard
• $573M Estimated Cost
14
* See Notes Page
Current as of: 1/17/2006
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
Why is EMAC Successful?
15
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
Reasons for EMAC Effectiveness
• Administrative oversight and support staff follow formal
business protocols
• Upfront problem solving
• Provisions in Compact clarify reimbursement, licensure, and
liability
• Continuity of operations are assured due to standard
operating procedures
• 5 year Strategic Plan allows for continual improvement
• Customized technology development
• Active membership
16
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
EMAC Governance Structure
National Emergency
Management Association (NEMA)
EMAC Committee
Multi-Discipline
Advisory Group
Executive Task
Force (ETF)
EMAC Operations
EMAC Chair
National Coordinating Group
A-Teams
Regional Coordinating Teams
National Coordinating Team
17
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Immediate past chair
Chair Elect
Lead State Representatives
3 At-Large Members
Legal Liaison
EMAC Coordinator (non-voting)
Senior Advisor (non-voting)
EMAC Administration
• EMAC Coordinator
• Senior EMAC Advisor
• Legal Liaison
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
EMAC Key Provisions
• “…the state rendering aid may withhold resources to the
extent necessary to provide reasonable protection for such
state”
• “…licenses, certificates, or other permits…shall be deemed
licensed, certified, or permitted by the state requesting
assistance”
• “Employees…rendering aid…shall be considered agents of
the requesting state for tort liability and immunity purposes”
• “…any party state rendering aid…shall be reimbursed by the
party state receiving aid for any loss or damage to or expense
incurred…” (requesting state)
18
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
Member State Responsibilities
• Educate emergency staff and state agencies on the EMAC
process
• Train A-Team members on EMAC operations
• Develop and maintain procedures for A-Team activation
• Develop and maintain procedures for requesting and
providing assistance
• Evaluate procedures through exercises
19
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
Operational Response
20
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
EMAC Span of Control
Operation Levels
Level 3
Level 2
Disaster Operation Components
Functions
National Coordinating Group (NCG)
State of the Chair of EMAC for that year
Control
Function
EMAC A-Team
Co-located with State/Federal Personnel
In the appropriate requesting state EOC
Action
Function
Level 1
National Coordinating Team (NCT)
Co-located with FEMA EST at the NEOC
DHS/FEMA HQ, Washington, DC
Regional Coordinating Team (RCT)
Co-Located with Federal ESF’s at the
DHS/FEMA Regional OPS Center
21
Coordination
Function
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
EMAC Level 3 Operation
National Coordinating Group
(NCG)
EMAC Member State
Requesting Assistance
Example: Single State / Single Region Event
22
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
EMAC Level 2 Operation
National Coordinating Group
(NCG)
Regional Coordinating Team
(RCT)
EMAC A-Team
Requesting State EOC
EMAC A-Team
Requesting State EOC
Example: Single State / Multi-State / Single Region Event
23
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
EMAC Level 1 Operation
National Coordinating Group
(NCG)
National Coordinating Team (NCT)
NRCC
Regional Coordinating Team
(RCT)
RRCC
EMAC A-Team
Requesting
State EOC
EMAC A-Team
Requesting
State EOC
Regional Coordinating Team
(RCT)
RRCC
EMAC A-Team
Requesting
State EOC
EMAC A-Team
Requesting
State EOC
Example: Multi-State / Multi-Region Event
24
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
Example of Level 1 Operation
National Coordination
Group (NCG)
National Coordinating Team
Washington, DC, NRCC
Region IV RCC
Region VI RCC
EMAC RCT
MS EOC
EMAC A-TEAM
LA EOC
AL EOC
EMAC A-TEAM
EMAC A-TEAM
TX EOC
EMAC A-TEAM
FL EOC
EMAC A-TEAM
25
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
Disaster Operation
Components
26
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
EMAC Operational Units
• National Coordination Group
• A-Team
• Regional Coordinating Teams
• National Coordinating Team
• Full time administrative support – NEMA
27
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
National Coordination Group
• Collateral responsibility of the Chair of the Operations
Sub-Committee
• Activates EMAC operational process on short notice
• Provides oversight of EMAC operations
28
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
A-Team
• Deploys at request of impacted state
• Operates from impacted State’s EOC or command and
control center
• Serves as liaison between responding states, other
EMAC assisting states and the impacted state
• Coordinates assistance requests between impacted
state and other member states
29
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
A-Team Mission
A-Teams can:
A-Teams cannot:
• Facilitate EMAC
requests between the
impacted state and
responding states
• Have allocation
authority
• Review the impacted
state resource
request
• Complete the EMAC
interstate mutual aid
request (REQ-A)
30
• Prioritize resource
utilization
• Obligate state funds
• Create a pool of
resources to be
distributed to states on
a basis of need
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
Regional Coordinating Team
• Deploys at the Discretion of EMAC Chair, FEMA Request,
and NEMA
• Operates from FEMA Regional Coordination Center
• Interfaces with National Coordinating Team and A-Teams in
impacted States in the Region
• Compiles Information & Prepares Sit Reps on EMAC
Activities in Region
• Reimbursement by FEMA
31
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
National Coordinating Team
• Deploys at the discretion of the EMAC Chair, FEMA request,
and NEMA
• Integrated with Emergency Support Functions in FEMA
National Response Coordination Center
• Interfaces with Regional Coordinating Teams, A-Teams,
National Coordination Group, and NEMA
• Prepares national sit rep of all EMAC activities
• Typically includes a National Guard liaison
• Reimbursed by FEMA
32
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
Disciplines Working
With EMAC
33
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
Intrastate Mutual Aid Legislation
Agencies within the states should develop intrastate mutual aid
agreements with their state before the event occurs. This will
allow resources to be shared quickly and efficiently.
For more information, visit www.emacweb.org
34
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
Health Community Issues
Licensing & Liability
• Compact Addresses Issues
Resource Typing/Standards
• Standard Description of Assets/Qualifications
Common Operating Procedures
• National Health Response SOP
35
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
EMAC Vision
EMAC…the cornerstone of
national mutual aid
“The use of EMAC will become institutionalized and automatic
within the emergency management community and the various
emergency support functions.”
36
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
EMAC Success Stories
Since 1999, EMAC has been activated 53 times for events
such as:
•
•
•
•
37
2005 Hurricanes Katrina and Rita
2004 Hurricanes Charley, Frances, Ivan, and Jeanne
2003 Hurricane Isabel
2001 Terrorist Attacks
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
End
38
UNCLASSIFIED