Aplikacije poslovnog sustava
Aplikacije za potporu poslovnih funkcija
(Financije, Računovodstvo, Proizvodnja, Ljudski potencijali...)
Međuorganizacijske aplikacije
Upravljanje vezama s kupcima CRM,
Upravljanje nabavnim lancima SCM,
Planiranje poslovnih resursa ERP
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Enterprise
Business Systems
e-Business Applications
 e-Commerce
 Cross-functional Enterprise
Systems
 Customer Relationship
Management
 Enterprise Resource Planning
 Supply Chain Management

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Learning Objectives
1.
Identify the following cross-functional
enterprise systems and give examples of how
they can provide significant business value to
a company.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
2.
Enterprise resource planning
Customer relationship management
Supply chain management
Enterprise application integration
Transaction processing systems
Enterprise collaboration systems
Give examples of how Internet and other
information technologies support business
processes within the business functions of
accounting, finance, human resource
management, marketing, and production and
operations management.
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LEARNING OBJECTIVES
• Understand the essentials of enterprise systems and
computerized supply chain management.
• Describe the various types of supply chains.
• Describe some major problems of managing supply chains
and some innovative solutions.
• Describe some major types of software that support
activities along the supply chain.
• Describe the need for integrated software and how ERP
does it.
• Describe CRM and its support by IT.
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Enterprise
Business Systems
New Product
Development Process
Customer Market Market Component Product Product
Release
Test
Design
Feedback Research Test
Marketing
R&D/Engineering
Process Equipment Production
Start
Design
Design
Manufacturing
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ESSENTIALS OF ENTERPRISE SYSTEMS AND SUPPLY CHAINS
ERP and Supply Chains
ERP or enterprise systems control all major business
processes with a single software architecture in real time.
It is comprised of a set of applications that automate routine back-end
operations:
such as financial management
inventory management
Scheduling
order fulfillment
cost control
accounts payable and receivable,
It includes front-end operations such as:
POS
Field Sales
Service
It also increases efficiency, improves quality, productivity, and
profitability.
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Enterprise
Business Systems
Enterprise Application Architecture
Enterprise Resource Planning
Internal Business Processes
Customer Relationship Management
Marketing – Sales - Service
Partners
Supply Chain Management
Sourcing - Procurement
Partner Relationship Management
Selling – Distribution
Knowledge Management
Collaboration – Decision Support
Employees
Suppliers
Customers
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Typical Enterprise
Application Architecture
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Customer Relationship
Management (CRM) Software


Gathers data from operations activities such
as:

Sales automation

Customer service center operations

Marketing campaigns

Web site performance
Improve & enrich customer interaction
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ESSENTIALS OF ENTERPRISE SYSTEMS AND SUPPLY CHAINS
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Enterprise
Business Systems
IBM Corporation: Global CrossFunctional Enterprise Systems
Created Real-time Configure-to-Order System
 Enterprise e-Business Systems Need End-to-End
Connectivity:

Across Different Processes

From Legacy Systems to its Suppliers,
Customers and Partners
 Orders by Customers Travel Great Global Distances
 Systems Update Order Status
 Communicate with Other Systems-Real Time
 Orders Zip Across Atlantic Average 4 Times

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1st Generation Enterprise
Computing

Discrete Business Applications within
Enterprise

Coupled by manual or batch processing



Separate application sets like Order, Inventory, Accounting
Through print-out or screen-scraper
Local optimization on each business operation

Data silo issue
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nd
2
Generation Enterprise
Computing

Monolithic Integration with Package Apps around Business
Process

ERP package integrates a set of application tightly but monolithic



New business application packages create higher level data silo
issue


Data silo issue resolved within ERP
Needs many customization to adopt
Between application packages like CRM, e-commerce, SCM etc.
B2B and B2C create new integration needs across enterprises
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3rd Generation Enterprise Computing

EAI needs by On-demand Business

ERP and monolithic application packages integration through
EAI (Enterprise Application Integration)


Still tightly non-flexible integration between business
processes



Has to be responsive through entire processes as enterprise in
network economy
No dynamic partnership enabled
Difficult to change and create new process (70% of IT budget
spent for current system-associated maintenance)
Difficult to change IT resource for business transaction
fluctuation

Huge spike as e-commerce nature
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Next-Generation Enterprise
Computing

Enterprise Application Needs for Network Economy

Build business process dynamically as composite services
within Enterprise and across Enterprise



Disintegrate monolithic business processes
Long business transaction to complete a business process
Dynamic resource allocation for transaction fluctuation
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Functional Areas in a
Business
•Compensation
•Vacation
•Skills/Training
Human Resources
•A/R
•A/P
•Payroll
•General Ledger
Accounting
•Receiving
•Fulfillment
•Process control
•Purchasing
•Cash Management
•Asset Management
•Budgeting
Business
Funtion
Operations
Financing
•Order Taking
•CRM
•Self-service
Sales
Marketing
•Retail Pricing
•Sales Promotions
•Sales Force Management.
•Customer Loyalty
•Interactive Marketing
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Functional Areas – Value Chain
Perspective
The value chain model, views activities in organizations as either
primary (reflecting the flow of goods and services) or secondary
(supporting the primary activities). The organizational structure of
firms is intended to support both of these types of activities.
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Functional Areas – Supply Chain
Perspective
The supply chain is a business process that links all the
procurement from suppliers, the transformation activities inside a
firm (the value chain) and the distribution of goods or services to
customers via wholesalers and retailers.
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Functional Information
Systems
Functional information systems support the organization,
processes and business model.




Composed of smaller systems: A functional information system
consists of several smaller information systems that support specific
activities performed in the functional area.
Integrated or independent: The specific IS applications in any
functional area can be integrated to form a coherent departmental
functional system, they can be integrated across departmental lines to
match a business process or be completely independent.
Interfacing: Functional information systems may interface internally
with each other to form the organization-wide information system or
externally systems outside the organization.
Supportive of different levels: Information systems applications
support the three levels of an organization’s activities: operational,
managerial, and strategic
Enterprise Wide Environment – All business units.
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Functional Information
Systems
Strategic
Datamining ops
that support
management
Dynamic and what-if
features.
Decision Support
Back office
administrative
tasks and ops.
Operation Level of the
company is normally highly
structured and predefined.
Data Analysis
and statistical
forecasting.
Office
Integrated
Clerical documents,
schedules, mail,
manuals, etc.
Business transactions, events
and processes. Support of the
business and customers.
Transactional
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Transaction Processing
Information Systems
In every organization there are business transactions that
provide its mission-critical activities. Each transaction may
generate additional transactions. Since the computations
involved in most transactions are simple and the transaction
processes are well defined they can be easily computerized.
The transaction processing system





Monitors
Collects
Stores
Processes
Disseminates information
for all routine core business transactions.
The primary goal of is to provide all the information needed
to keep the business running properly and efficiently.
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Managing Production/Operations & Logistics
– Product Lifecycle Management
PLM is a business strategy that enables manufacturers to
control and share product-related data as part of a products
design and development efforts. Web-based supply chains and
other technologies are employed to automate this
collaborative effort.

This electronic-based collaboration can




reduce product cost
travel expenses
reduce costs associated with product-change management
reduce the time it takes to get a product to market
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Managing Production/Operations & Logistics
– Product Lifecycle Management
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– Marketing and Sales Systems
Channel systems are the involved in the process of getting
a product or service to customers and dealing with their
needs. These systems link and transform marketing, sales,
procurement, logistics, and delivery activities with other
corporate functional areas.

Some of the channel-system activities are:




customer relations
distribution channels and in-store innovations
marketing management
telemarketing
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– Marketing and Sales Systems
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Enterprise
Resource Planning
The Technological Backbone of
e-Business
Production
Planning
Sales,
Distribution,
Order
Management
Integrated
Logistics
Customer/
Employee
Human
Resources
Accounting
and Finance
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Enterprise
Resource Planning
Colgate-Palmolive: The
Business Value of ERP




Use of Software across the Entire
Spectrum of the Business
Activities That Once Took Days
now Take Hours
On-Time and Correctness of
Deliveries Improved Significantly
Inventories Reduced by 1/3 and
Realized Meaningful Cost Savings
Graphically…
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Enterprise
Resource Planning
Colgate-Palmolive: The
Business Value of ERP
Demand
Planning
Manufacturing
Planning
Logistics
Planning
Distribution
Planning
Order
Entry
Purchasing
& Accounts
Payable
MRP
Inbound
Inventory
Plant Mgmt.
Manufacturing
& Production
Scheduling
Inventory
Control &
Warehousing
Distribution
& Accounts
Receivable
Customers
Suppliers
Enterprise Resource Planning
Finance and Accounting
Human Resources
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Enterprise
Resource Planning
Benefits of ERP
 Quality and Efficiency
 Decreased Costs
 Decision Support
 Enterprise Agility
Failures in ERP Do Exist
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Enterprise
Resource Planning
Sobeys Inc.: Failure in ERP
Implementation




SAP AG’s Software Installation
Problems of ERP Integrated
Suite into a Retail Environment
Sobey’s Grocer Had Problems
with Number of Transactions
Jo-Ann Stores and Petsmart
Blamed Software for Poor
Financial Performance
Sobey’s is Replacing System
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Enterprise
Resource Planning
Causes of ERP Failures
 Underestimating the Complexity
of Planning, Development, and
Training Needed
 Failure to Involve Affected
Employees
 Trying to do Too Much Too Fast
 Over Reliance by Company on
Claims of Software Companies
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Enterprise Application
Integration
EAI Software Connects Major eBusiness Applications Like CRM and
ERP
Front-Office
CRM Applications
Customer Service
Field Service
Product Configuration
Sales Order Entry
Enterprise
Application
Integration
EAI
Back-Office
ERP Applications
Distribution
Manufacturing
Scheduling
Finance
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