STATISTICS & HYPOTHESIS
TESTING
Introduction
Brand and Type
Cost (per serving)
Sodium content (mg)
Amy's Black Bean
3.03
780
Patio Cheese
1.07
1570
Banquet Cheese
1.28
1500
El Charrito Beef
1.53
1370
Patio Beef
1.05
1700
Banquet Beef
1.27
1330
Healthy Choice Chicken
2.34
440
Lean Cuisine Chicken
2.47
520
Weight Watchers Chicken
2.09
660
Introduction of Descriptive Statistics
Descriptive statistics provides description to the
data set by summarizing the data.
 Descriptive statistics normally provide
description of data both in numerical and
graphical terms.
 Mean, Median, Mode, Range, SD (Standard
Deviation), and variance are included in
common descriptive statistics.

Descriptive Statistics






Mean Cost = $1.792
Mean Sodium= 1096.6
Median Cost= $1.53
Median Sodium= 1330
Range Cost= $1.98
Range Sodium= 1,260
Inferential Statistics
Inferential Statistics

Explanation of how the inferential statistical
analysis would help the understanding the nature of
data
Null Hypothesis Testing



The null hypothesis, designated as H0, is the
hypothesis generally the sample observations gets
purely based on chance.
H0, the null hypothesis, is crucial aspectpart of the
research design and is always tested even it’s
indirect.
Ex: The Mean value for enchiladas in the given
pack of the brand equals to -3.
Null Hypothesis TestingIdentification of the null hypothesis (H0)
and the alternate hypothesis (HA).
The value must be small, generally lower
than 10%. It is vital for considering the
consequences of both errors types.
Choose the test statistic and find out its
value from the given sample data.
Comparing the observed value with that of
critical value obtained for the chosen
sample
Decision is made.
Future Implications of the research




Difference between
Descriptive Statistics & Inferential Statistics
Descriptive statistics provides description to the data of
the study.
Inferential statistics are gives what the pattern is and
gives a clear picture through probability.
Summary
Descriptive statistics summarizes the data while inferential
statistics is used to establish the relation and compare
between the variables with wide range of conditions .
(Web Center for Social Research Methods, 2006).
Future Implications of the research Contd.
Follow-up Studies


(Descriptive Statistics)
What is the hypertension rate among low-income
populations due to higher sodium levels in low-cost
foods?
(Inferential Statistics)
What other factors contribute towards hypertension in
low-income populations other than high sodium levels
in low-cost food?
Future Implications of the research Contd.
Null Hypothesis
•
In general, hypertension is more prevalent
in the low-income individuals.
Conclusion

As per the data obtained from Consumer
Reports (March,2000), lower the cost of
pre-packaged enchiladas, higher the
sodium level.
References

National Atlas of the United States. (2011). Understanding Statistics. Retrieved from
http://www.nationalatlas.gov/articles/mapping/a_statistics.html

Statistical Inference. (2011). Retrieved from
http://www.businessdictionary.com

Web Center for Social Research Methods. (2006).Foundations. Retrieved from
http://www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/index.php