Review for Final Exam
Final will be 80 questions
All multiple choice/matching/true or false
Majority will be grammar and translating
Some culture questions
No vocabulary questions
Have your charts memorized
Do you remember… ???
 Verb Tenses: Present, Imperfect, Perfect
 How they are translated: I walk, I was walking, I walked
 Irregular Verbs: sum, volo, nolo, possum
 Noun Declension: 1st (a, ae), 2nd (us, i), 3rd (*, is)
 Noun Cases: Nominative, Genitive, Dative,
Accusative, Ablative
 Adjectives: 1st and 2nd Declension Adjectives (bonus,
a, um) vs. 3rd Declension Adjectives (fortis, is, e)
 Adjectives Must Agree: Case, Number, Gender
 Infinitives: 2nd Principle Part, “to verb”
Learn Now or Forever Struggle…
st
1
/
nd
2
Declension Adjectives
bonus, bona, bonum
magnus, magna, magnum
parvus, a, um
decorus, a, um
unus, a, um
3rd Declension Adjectives
gravis, gravis, grave
gravis, gravis, gravis
gravi, gravi, gravi
gravem, gravem, grave
difficilis, is, e
fidelis, is, e
levis, is, e
Adjectives CANNOT shift
their Declension!!!!!
Example (bonus, bona, bonum -- good):
Example (fortis, fortis, forte -- brave):
Masc sing
Nom: bonus
Gen: boni
Dat: bono
Accus: bonum
Abl: bono
Fem
bona
bonae
bonae
bonam
bonā
Neuter
bonum
boni
bono
bonum
bono
Masc sing
Nom: fortis
Gen: fortis
Dat: forti
Accus: fortem
Abl: forti
Fem
fortis
fortis
forti
fortem
forti
Neuter
forte
fortis
forti
forte
forti
Masc Pl
Nom: boni
Gen: bonorum
Dat: bonis
Accus: bonos
Abl: bonis
Fem
bonae
bonarum
bonis
bonas
bonis
Neuter
bona
bonorum
bonis
bona
bonis
Masc Pl
Nom: fortes
Gen: fortium
Dat: fortibus
Accus: fortes
Abl: fortibus
Fem
fortes
fortium
fortibus
fortes
fortibus
Neuter
fortia
fortium
fortibus
fortia
fortibus
NB: Adjectives agree with the noun they
describe in:
CASE (nom, dat, accus)
NUMBER (sing or plur)
GENDER (masc, fem, neuter)
In Latin your adjectives agree
with their nouns in…
1. CASE (NOM, ACCUS, DAT, etc)
2. NUMBER (SING or PLUR)
3. GENDER (M , F , or N)
project
An ADJECTIVE will always be in the
same case, number, and gender as
the noun it is describing or modifying.
However, they will not always be the
same declension. They may or may
not have endings that are spelled the
same.
Same Ending Examples:
bona cena
pulchra rosa
parva puella
magnum atrium
bonum atrium
bonus amicus
fidelis canis
magnam amphoram
Unsimilar Ending Examples that do
infact match in case, number, &
gender:
fortis miles
utile horreum
difficilis labor
fortis vir
fortis femina
bonus mercator
magna urbs
parva navis
gravem amphoram
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
The terrified slave girl hurried to the kitchen.
The cook greeted the terrified slave girl.
The citizens praised the brave merchant.
The citizens gave a reward to the brave merchant.
The old man had a good son.
The old man bought a house for his good son.
Warm Up for 5/30
Put the following into Latin!
1. the strong merchant 1. fortis mercator
2. the strong boys
2. fortes pueri
3. the strong house
(acc.)
3. fortem villam
4. the strong cups
4. fortia pocula
5. the happy friends
5. laeti amici
6. the happy dogs
6. laetos canes
7. the happy girls
(acc.)
7. laetae puellae
Prepositions!
Accusatives
Ablatives
1.ad
1. a/ab
2.ante
2. cum
3.apud
3. de
4.circum
4. e/ex
5.in
5. in
6.per
6. pro
7.post
7. sine
8.prope
8. sub
9.trans
Prepositions in Motion!
Prepositions (40-41)
Fill in the Prepositions and the case they take
IN (+ ABL)
camera
Ablatives used
here
Accusatives used
here
a / ab
e / ex
ad
per
in
sub
in
prope
de
PER
IN (+ ACC)
IN(+
(+ABL)
ABL)
IN
A / AB
AD
E / EX
PROPE
DE
SUB
1. ante patrem
A
B
C
2. prope aquam
3. in aqua
4. in aquam
5. ex aqua
D
E
F
6. cum patre
7. in mensa
8. post patrem
G
I
H
9. trans aquam
10. sine patre
11. sub mensa
J
K
L
12. per festram
Warm Up for 5/19
Give the Latin AND the case of the object
1. away from, from
2. into
3. to / towards
4. under
5. in front of
6. behind / after
7. down from / about
8. through
9. out of
10.with
1. a / ab , ablative
2. in , accus.
3. ad , accus.
4. sub , ablative
5. pro , ablative
6. post , accus.
7. de , ablative
8. per , accus.
9. e / ex , ablative
10.cum , ablative
Verbs Review
In(tense) Chart
Present
Imperfect
Perfect
Pluperfect
1st S (I)
o
bam
i
eram
2nd S (you)
s
bas
isti
eras
3rd S (s/he)
t
bat
it
erat
1st P (We)
mus
bamus
imus
eramus
2nd P (Y’all)
tis
batis
istis
eratis
3rd P (They)
nt
bant
erunt
erant
(verbs)
(was verbing)
(verbed)
(had verbed)
In(tense) Chart – Irregular Verbs
Present
Imperfect
1st S (I)
sum
eram
2nd S (you)
es
eras
3rd S (s/he)
est
erat
1st P (We)
sumus
eramus
2nd P (Y’all)
estis
eratis
3rd P (They)
sunt
erant
(verbs)
(was verbing)
Conjugation Review
Can you group the verbs into 4
conjugations?
specto, spectare
dormio, dormire
bibo, bibere
sedeo, sedēre
audio, audire
rideo, ridēre
venio, venire
exspecto, exspectare
disco, discere
laboro, laborare
quaero, quaerere
canto, cantare
1st Conjugation Verbs:- 3rd Conjugation Verbs:
o, -āre verbs
o/io, -ere verbs
specto, spectare
exspecto, exspectare
canto, cantare
laboro, laborare
bibo, bibere
disco, discere
quaero, quaerere
2nd Conjugation
Verbs:
4th Conjugation Verbs:
io, -īre verbs
-eo, -ēre verbs
sedeo, sedēre
rideo, ridēre
audio, audire
dormio, dormire
venio, venire
Fill in the Present Endings
1st conjugation verbs look like:
spect__t, cant __ t, labor __ t, intr __ t
2nd conjugation verbs look like:
sed __ t, rid__ t
3rd conjugation verbs look like:
bib __ t, scrib __ t, quaer __ t, disc __ t
4th conjugation verbs look like:
aud __ t, dorm __ t, ven __ t
Present Endings
1st conjugation verbs look like:
spectat, cantat, laborat, intrat, laudat
2nd conjugation verbs look like:
sedet, ridet
3rd conjugation verbs look like:
bibit, scribit, quaerit, discit
4th conjugation verbs look like:
audit, dormit, venit
Warm Up for 5/1
Make separate lists of Imperfect & Perfect
verbs. Then translate all that remains!
Imperfect
Perfect
Translate Remaining
eratis
stabamus
clamabamus
parabas
recepit
dedimus
petivit
venerunt
vulneravi
nullam
pecuniam
habeo
I have no money!!!
Irregular Verbs
possum, posse, potui
to be able / can
(Present)
possum
possumus
potes
potestis
potest
possunt
possum, posse, potui
I was able / I could
(Imperfect)
poteram
poteras
poterat
poteramus
poteratis
poterant
volo, velle, volui
to want
(Present)
volo
vis
vult
volumus
vultis
volunt
6th
nolo, nolle, nolui
not to want / don’t want
(Present)
nolo
non vis
non vult
nolumus
non vultis
nolunt
Examples
Other Grammar to
Review…
Pronouns have cases too!
Nominative
Dative
Accusative
ego
mihi
me
tu
tibi
te
nos
nobis
nos
vos
vobis
vos
Usage
1st
(most
2nd (M and
Fem)*
N)
3rd (All genders)
4th (m/n)*
5th (Most
Fem)*
Nom Singular
Subject
a
us/r
(um)
anything
us (ū)
ēs
Genitive sing
Possession
ae
ī
is
ūs
eī
Dative sing
‘to’ or ‘for’
ae
ō
ī
uī (ū)
eī
Accusative s
Direct Obj
am
um
em (nom)
um (ū) em
Ablative sing
by/in/from/w/
ā
ō
e (ī)
ū
ē
Nom Plural
Subject
ae
ī
ēs (a/ia)
ūs (ua)
ēs
Genitive Pl
Possession
ārum
ōrum
um (ium)
uum
ērum
Dative Pl
‘to’ or ‘for’
īs
īs
ibus
ibus
ēbus
Accusative Pl
Direct Obj
ās
ōs (a)
ēs/īs
(a/ia)
ūs (ua) ēs
Ablative Pl
by/in/from/w/
īs
īs
ibus
ibus
(a)
ēbus
Degrees of Adjectives
English
Latin
Extra Info
?
happy
?
---
?
happier;
more happy
?
quam = ?
?
happiest;
most happy;
very happy
?
quam = ?
Degrees of Adjectives
English
Latin
Extra Info
Positive
happy
?
---
?
happier;
more happy
?
quam = ?
?
happiest;
most happy;
very happy
?
quam = ?
Degrees of Adjectives
English
Latin
Extra Info
Positive
happy
?
---
Comparative
happier;
more happy
?
quam = ?
?
happiest;
most happy;
very happy
?
quam = ?
Degrees of Adjectives
English
Latin
Extra Info
Positive
happy
?
---
Comparative
happier;
more happy
?
quam =?
Superlative
happiest;
most happy;
very happy
?
quam = ?
Degrees of Adjectives
English
Latin
Extra Info
Positive
happy
laetus, -a, -um
---
Comparative
happier;
more happy
?
quam = ?
Superlative
happiest;
most happy;
very happy
?
quam = ?
Degrees of Adjectives
English
Latin
Extra Info
Positive
happy
laetus, -a, -um
---
Comparative
happier;
more happy
laetior,
laetioris
quam = ?
Superlative
happiest;
most happy;
very happy
?
quam = ?
Degrees of Adjectives
English
Latin
Extra Info
Positive
happy
laetus, -a, -um
---
Comparative
happier;
more happy
laetior,
laetioris
quam =?
Superlative
happiest;
most happy;
very happy
laetissimus,
-a, -um
quam = ?
Degrees of Adjectives
English
Latin
Extra Info
Positive
happy
laetus, -a, -um
---
Comparative
happier;
more happy
laetior,
laetioris
quam = than
Superlative
happiest;
most happy;
very happy
laetissimus,
-a, -um
quam = ?
Degrees of Adjectives
English
Latin
Extra Info
Positive
happy
laetus, -a, -um
---
Comparative
happier;
more happy
laetior,
laetioris
quam = than
Superlative
happiest;
most happy;
very happy
laetissimus,
-a, -um
quam = as
______ as
possible