November 27th
Quick Write:
1. What are all living things
made of?
2. What is the basic unit in
all living things?
3. Is it true that all living cells
come from pre-existing
cells?
SWBAT:
• Describe the cell theory.
• Explain how each scientist
helped to develop the cell
theory?
Homework:
• Read pgs. 69-71, Section Review 3-11,
pg 71 answer questions 1-3
In Conclusion . . .
1. What did Robert Hooke discover?
2. What did Robert Brown observe in each cell?
3. What did Theodor Schwann and Matthias
Schleiden conclude about all living things?
Together they all helped to create what theory?
The History of the Cell
• Brief_History_of_the_Cell_.mov
The Cell
The cell is the basic unit of structure and function of all living things.
The structures that make up a cell are called organelles.
1665 - Robert Hooke
looked at cork
- he saw "little rooms"
that he called cells.
At the same time:
Anton van Leeuwenhoek used a
simple microscope to see moving
objects that he
called "animalcules." He was
actually looking at bacteria.
• Matthius Schleiden
– Botanist who studied the parts of plant cells.
Determined that all plants are made of cells
• Theodore Schwann:
– Zoologist who studied animals. Determined that
all animals are made of cells
• Rudolf Virchow:
– All living cells come from other living cells.
Cell Theory
1. All living things are composed of cells.
2. Cells arise from pre-existing cells.
3. Cells are the basic units of structure and
function in living things.
November 30th
Quick Write:
1. Write down your acronym
for the cell theory.
2. Identify the image to the
right.
3. What function does it
perform?
4. Name the life process that
occurs within this
organelle.
Homework:
• read your notes and highlight key
words
• prepare for a possible quiz soon
SWBAT:
• Describe the cell theory.
• Identify the function of
each organelle.
• Identify each organelle.
December 1st
Quick Write:
1. Identify the image to the right.
2. What function does it perform?
3. Name the organelle and its
functions from yesterday’s
Quick Write.
4. Draw a quick sketch of a plant
cell versus an animal cell.
Homework:
SWBAT:
• Read pgs 71-81
• Describe the function of
• Define each highlighted vocabulary word
each organelle.
and sketch an image representing the
structure due Monday, December 4th
• Identify each organelle.
• Complete the Organelle Class work
Packet
nucleus
mitochondrion
nucleolus
chromosome
ribosome
vacuole
nuclear
membrane
endoplasmic
reticulum
cell
membrane
cytoplasm
lysosome
Closure
1. Which organelle is grainlike in appearance (little dots)
and is typically found on the endoplasmic reticulum?
2. Which organelle is tubular and found near the nucleus?
3. Which 2 organelles are found within the nucleus?
4. Which organelle is made of cellulose?
The Cell
Structures of the Eukaryotic Cell
a. Cell Wall
b. Cell membrane
c. Cytoskeleton
d. Nucleus
Go to
Section:
Cell wall
• Composed of cellulose, a strong stiff
carbohydrate made of long chains of glucose.
– Cellulose is found in the stringy part of the celery.
• Only found in plant cells and bacteria
• Allows water, oxygen, carbon dioxide and
other dissolved materials to pass through to
the cell membrane.
Cell membrane
• Composition: lipids, proteins, cholesterol
glycoproteins
– Fluid mosaic model
– Phospholipid: hydrophilic: (polar)
– Fatty acids: hydrophobic: (nonpolar)
• Function: barrier, selectively permeable, cell
recognition/signaling
• Nucleus: contains:
–
–
–
–
–
–
Nucleus
chromosomes made of DNA,
DNA contain genes,
genes contain sequences of nucleotides
Nucleotide sequences code for amino acids
amino acids sequences create a polypeptide
Controls activities of the cell and determines the protein to be
synthesized
• Nucleolus:
–
–
–
–
Inside the nucleus
Parts of the ribosome are synthesized here
Are tangles of chromatin and unfinished ribosomes
RNA synthesis
Name ___________________
Plant Cell vs. Animal Cell Structures and Organelles
Section 7-2
Animal Cells
Go to
Section:
Plant Cells
Section 7-2
Prokaryotes
Eukaryotes
Cell membrane
Ribosomes
Cell wall
Animal Cells
Plant Cells
Cell membrane
Ribosomes
Nucleus
Lysosomes
Endoplasmic reticulum
Centrioles
Many small vacuoleGolgi apparatus
Mitochondria
Cytoskeleton
Go to
Section:
Cell Wall
Chloroplasts
1 large vacuole
Nucleus
Endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus
Lysosomes
Vacuoles
Mitochondria
Cytoskeleton
Animal Cell
Section 7-2
Go to
Section:
Plant Cell
Section 7-2
Go to
Section:
B. Organelles in the Cytoplasm









Rough Endoplasmic reticulum
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi Apparatus
Ribosomes
Lysosomes
Vacuoles
Chloroplasts
Mitochondria
Centioles
Ribosomes
Site of protein synthesis
Lysosomes
digestion of food particles, or old organelles
06_14LysosomeFormation_A.html
Vacuoles:
1. storage of water, salts, and minerals
2. Fresh water protista: contractile vacuoles to pump excess water out:
ex: amoeba, and paramecium
Plant Cell
Animal Cell
Endomembrane systems
• Rough endoplasmic reticulum:
06_16EndomembraneSystem_A.html
– site of protein synthesis
• Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
–
–
–
–
Synthesizes steroid hormones/fats
Connects the RER to Golgi Appart.
Detoxifies the cells
Carbohydrate metabolism
• Golgi apparatus:
– Near the nucleus
– Flattened stacks of membranes
– Modify, store, and package
substances produced by the RER
– Secretes these substances out of the
cell
Mitochondria
• Site of Cellular respiration/ATP
production
• Outer double membrane
• Cristae: series of inner membrane
folded, increases surface area for
ATP production
• Enzymes are embedded in the
cristae to assist in cellular
respiration
• Have DNA
• Can self-replicate
Chloroplasts
• Site of Photosynthesis
• Production of plant’s
mass (glucose)
• Double membrane
• Stroma: fluid interior
• Granum: stacks of
thylakoids containing
chlorophyl
• Chlorophyll: pigment
absorbing light energy to
stimulate photosynthesis
Centriole•
•
•
•
•
Only animals have centrioles
and centrosomes
Found near the nucleus and
required for cellular division
Centrosome: consists of 2
centrioles at right angles
Centrioles and spindle fibers
have same structure
9 triplets of microtubules in a
circle
06_14LysosomeFormation_A.html
06_16EndomembraneSystem_A.html
06_24CiliaFlagella_A.html
Video Clip Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
What is the most outer layer of the animal cell?
What can easily diffuse through this structure?
What is the meaning of the word organelle?
What does the nucleus function as?
What organelle produces protein?
What organelle turns oxygen and glucose to
ATP/energy?
What organelle packages proteins with lipids and
carbohydrates and places them into vesicles to be
shipped out of the cell?
What organelle contains enzymes to digest particles and
old organelles?