The Influence and Impact of Web
2.0 on e-Research Infrastructure,
Applications and Users
Presented by: Prof Mark Baker
ACET, University of Reading
Tel: +44 118 378 8615
E-mail: Mark.Baker@computer.org
Web: http://acet.rdg.ac.uk/~mab
16th June, 09
mark.baker@computer.org
Outline
• e-SI Web 2.0 theme.
• What is Web 2.0?
• Web 2.0 Technologies:
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Clouds, REST, AJAX, Google tools,
Security concerns,
Wikis, Blogs, RSS, Tagging,
Social networking,
Flickr, Slideshare, YouTube,
Twitter, LinkedIn,
Web Semantics, Twine,
• Summary/Conclusions.
16th June, 09
mark.baker@computer.org
Web 2.0 theme
16th June, 09
mark.baker@computer.org
Web 2.0 theme
• Want to study and understand “The Influence and
Impact of Web 2.0 on e-Research Infrastructure,
Applications and Users”…
• Core team:
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Prof Mark Baker, SSE, University of Reading,
Prof David de Roure, ECS, University of Southampton,
Prof Carole Goble, CS, University of Manchester,
Prof Paul Watson, Newcastle University,
Prof Richard Sinnot, Glasgow University,
Dr Rob Allan, Daresbury Laboratory
Dr Daniel S. Katz, University of Chicago, USA
Dr. Liz Lyon, UKOLN
Dr Marina Jirotka, Oxford University Computing Laboratory
Dr Claire Warwick, Department of Information Studies, UCL.
16th June, 09
mark.baker@computer.org
Research3.org Web site
16th June, 09
mark.baker@computer.org
Web 2.0 theme
• Services:
–
–
–
–
–
Clouds,
Virtualisation,
Security,
Tools and utilities,
Web of Data
• Applications:
–
–
–
–
–
–
Neurology,
Gaming,
Various Mashups,
Data intensive,
MoSes
Genomics
16th June, 09
• User/Usability:
• On-line surveys,
• Explore a range of
application areas.
• Guardian/BBC,
• Teaching/Learning,
• Publishing,
• Google/Yahoo!
• GAP analysis,
• HCI/Usability,
• New activities.
mark.baker@computer.org
General Introduction
• Various technologies seem to appear in waves,
some are taken up and are successful, and others
die out quickly.
• I have been working in the parallel, distributed
computing and HPC arena for 20+ years:
– Seen lots of interesting technologies come and go!
• CORBA, Jini… etc…
– Spent a lot of time working on grid technologies (1995
onwards) and e-Science… now interested in e-Research!
• However, the Web 2.0 area seems to have been
one of those domains of interest that has taken
off like a rocket!
• It continues to change, and is moving towards
Web 3.0!
16th June, 09
mark.baker@computer.org
What is Web 2.0?
• Tim O'Reilly first coined the term back in 2004:
– The terms became more significant after the O'Reilly Media
Web 2.0 conference in 2004.
• Tim O'Reilly said that “Web 2.0 is the business
revolution in the computer industry caused by the move
to the Internet as a platform, and an attempt to
understand the rules for success on that new
platform”…
• Many of us back in those days really wondered exactly
what Web 2.0 was…!?
– At that stage we thought the Web 2.0 stack was fairly empty…
but since those days the extent that people collaborate,
communication, and the range of tools and technologies have
rapidly changed.
16th June, 09
mark.baker@computer.org
What is Web 2.0?
• Another description from Tim O'Reilly…
– Web 2.0 is the network as platform, spanning all
connected devices;
– Web 2.0 applications are those that make the most
of the intrinsic advantages of that platform:
• Delivering software as a continually-updated service
that gets better the more people use it,
• Consuming and remixing data from multiple sources,
including individual users, while providing their own
data and services in a form that allows remixing by
others,
• Creating network effects through an "architecture of
participation," and going beyond the page metaphor of
Web 1.0 to deliver rich user experiences.
16th June, 09
mark.baker@computer.org
Web 2.0
• Web 2.0 has many aspects:
– Business Models that survived and have promise for
the future.
– Approaches such as services instead of products,
the Web as a platform, ...
– Concepts such as folksonomies, syndication,
participation, reputation, ....
– Technologies such as AJAX, REST, Tags, Microformats, ...
– And many others ...
16th June, 09
mark.baker@computer.org
What is Web 2.0 ?
•
•
•
•
A concept not a product.
A way of thinking.
A way of working – collaborative and social.
About:
– Sharing information with others,
– Information coming to you,
– Deciding how you receive and view the information.
• All sorts of technologies but….
• Examples:
– Blogs, RSS, Wikis, social bookmarking (e.g. Furl,
Del.icio.us, Connotea) Flickr, Facebook, MySpace, web
based forums, email discussion lists, YouTube, Second
Life……
16th June, 09
mark.baker@computer.org
Gartner Hype Curve
16th June, 09
mark.baker@computer.org
Gartner's 10 strategic technologies for 2009
• The "potential for significant impact on the enterprise
in the next three years":
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Virtualization,
Cloud computing,
Servers (beyond blades),
Web oriented architectures,
Enterprise mashups,
Specialised systems,
Social software / networking,
Unified communications,
Business intelligence,
Green IT.
16th June, 09
mark.baker@computer.org
Web 2.0
Web 1.0
Web 2.0
DoubleClick
Ofoto
Akamai
mp3.com
Britannica Online
personal web sites
Evite
 Google AdSense
 Flickr
 BitTorrent
 Napster
 Wikipedia

Blogging
 Upcoming.org and Events and Venues
Database
Domain name speculation  Search engine optimisation
Page views
 Cost per click
Screen scraping
 Web Services
Publishing
 Participation
Content management systems 
Wikis
Directories (taxonomy)
 Tagging ("folksonomy")
Stickiness

Syndication
From Tim O’Reilly’s “What is Web 2.0”on O’ReillyNet, 9/30/2005;
http://www.oreillynet.com/pub/a/oreilly/tim/news/2005/09/30/w
hat-is-web-20.html?page=1
16th June, 09
mark.baker@computer.org
Web 2.0 Areas of Interest
• Services:
–
–
–
–
–
Cloud Computing,
RESTful systems,
AJAX,
Google tools and utilities,
Security.
• Applications:
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
16th June, 09
Wikis,
Blogs,
RSS,
Tagging,
Social Networks,
Flickr, Slideshare, YouTube,
Twitter,
mark.baker@computer.org
Cloud Computing
16th June, 09
mark.baker@computer.org
What is Cloud Computing?
• Cloud Computing is a general term used to describe a
new class of network based computing that takes place
over the Internet, basically a step on from Utility
Computing.
• In other words, this is a collection/group of integrated
and networked hardware, software and Internet
infrastructure.
• Using the Internet for communication and transport
provides hardware, software and networking services to
clients.
• These platforms hide the complexity and details of the
underlying infrastructure from users and applications
by providing very simple graphical interface and APIs.
16th June, 09
mark.baker@computer.org
What is Cloud Computing?
• In addition, the platform provides on demand services,
that are always on, anywhere, anytime and any place.
• Pay for use and as needed, elastic (scale up/down in
capacity and functionality).
• The hardware and software services are available to
the general public, enterprises, corporations and
business markets.
16th June, 09
mark.baker@computer.org
Cloud Architecture
16th June, 09
mark.baker@computer.org
Virtual Machines
• VM technology allows multiple virtual machines to run
on a single physical machine.
App
App
App
App
App
Guest OS
(Linux)
Guest OS
(NetBSD)
Guest OS
(Windows)
VM
VM
VM
Virtual Machine Monitor (VMM) / Hypervisor
Hardware
Xen
VMWare
UML
Denali
etc.
Performance: Para-virtualization (e.g. Xen) is very close to raw physical
performance!
16th June, 09
mark.baker@computer.org
What is the purpose and benefits?
• Cloud computing enables companies and applications,
that are system/service dependent to execute…
legacy applications (F77 and libraries)!
• Potentially provide a more efficient means of
executing applications.
• By using the Cloud infrastructure on “pay as used
and on demand”, all of us can save in capital and
operational investment!
• Clients can:
– Put their data on the platform instead of on their own
desktop PCs and/or on their own servers.
– They can put their applications on the cloud and use the
servers within the cloud to do processing and data
manipulations that they require.
16th June, 09
mark.baker@computer.org
Cloud-Sourcing
• Why is it becoming a Big Deal:
–
–
–
–
Using high-scale/low-cost providers,
Any time/place access via web browser,
Rapid scalability; incremental cost and load sharing,
Can forget need to focus on local IT.
• Concerns (http://CloudReview.org):
–
–
–
–
–
–
Performance, reliability, and SLAs,
Control of data, and service parameters,
Application features and choices,
Interaction between Cloud providers,
No standard APIs – mix of SOAP and REST!
Privacy, security, compliance, trust…
16th June, 09
mark.baker@computer.org
What is REST ?
• REST is the acronym for “Representational State
Transfer“ – an architectural model for the Web!
• Principles of REST:
– Resource centric approach,
– All relevant resources are addressable via URIs,
– Uniform access via HTTP – GET, POST, PUT, DELETE,
• REST style services:
– Easy to access from code running in web browsers, any other
client or servers - popular in the context of AJAX,
– Takes advantage of the Web caching infrastructure,
– Can serve multiple representations of the same resource.
• See http://www.ics.uci.edu/~fielding/pubs/dissertation/top.
htm
16th June, 09
mark.baker@computer.org
Tycho
A Resource Discovery Framework and Messaging System
for Distributed Applications
http://acet.rdg.ac.uk/projects/tycho/
16th June, 09
mark.baker@computer.org
Tycho Design
• Tycho is a based on a publish, subscribe and bind
paradigm.
• Design Philosophy:
– We believed that the system should have an architecture
similar to the Internet, where every node provides
reliable core services, and the complexity is kept, as far
as possible, to the edges.
– We have kept Tycho’s core small, simple and efficient, so
that it has a minimal memory foot-print, is easy to install,
and is capable of providing robust and reliable services.
– More sophisticated services can then be built on this core
and are provided via libraries and tools to applications.
• Allows Tycho to be flexible and extensible so that
it will be possible to incorporate additional features
and functionality.
16th June, 09
mark.baker@computer.org
Tycho Architecture
• Tycho consists of the following
components:
– Mediators that allow producers
and consumers to discover each
other and establish remote
communications,
– Consumers that typically
subscribe to receive
Mediator
information or events from
Registry
producers,
– Producers that gather and
Core
publish information for
consumers.
• There is an asynchronous
messaging API.
• In Tycho, producers and/or
consumers (clients) can publish
their existence in a Virtual
Registry (VR).
16th June, 09
Registry
Core
WAN (HTTP)
WAN (P2P)
Producer
Consumer
mark.baker@computer.org
LAN (Socket)
Producer
Consumer
What is AJAX ?
• AJAX is the acronym for Asynchronous JavaScript
and XML.
• The purpose is to create more dynamic and responsive
web pages
• It is also about building web clients in a Service
Oriented Architecture that can connect to any kind of
server: J2EE, PHP, ASP.Net, Ruby on Rails, etc.
• AJAX involves existing technology and standards:
– JavaScript and XML
• Pattern: Page view displayed in a web browser where it
retrieves data or mark-up fragments from a service
and refreshes just a part of the page.
16th June, 09
mark.baker@computer.org
What is AJAX ?
• AJAX is non-trivial, it requires deep and broad skills
in web development .... but the benefits to be gained
can be huge compared to classic web applications.
• AJAX enables major improvements in responsiveness
and performance of web applications, e.g. used at
Yahoo! Mail, Google Maps, live.com, and others.
• AJAX is NOT hype – it is very real and very useful for
highly interactive applications.
16th June, 09
mark.baker@computer.org
AJAX compared to classic Web UIs
Browser
Server
In the typical web application,
each request causes a complete
refresh of the browser page
16th June, 09
Browser
service
Server
An Ajax application begins the same
way.
After the initial page loads,
Javascript code retrieves additional
data in the background and updates
only specific sections of the page
mark.baker@computer.org
iGoogle
16th June, 09
mark.baker@computer.org
iGoogle
•
•
•
•
iGoogle portal is a free Google service,
Is a customisable web portal,
Users can add “Gadgets” to the page,
Customisations are saved to the user’s account and
retrieved when logging in again.
16th June, 09
mark.baker@computer.org
Google Gadgets
16th June, 09
mark.baker@computer.org
Gadgets are Dynamic Web Applications
• Gadgets can be static, but then are of limited use.
• Dynamic Gadgets are more common.
• Three general approaches when making a dynamic
gadget:
– Time dynamic – the content changes over time, e.g. a news
gadget,
– User input dynamic – the content changes via a user
interacting with the gadget (forms and links),
• User preference dynamic – the user sets preferences
that persist across user sessions (e.g. eBay).
• Gadgets need not include a page header/footer, they
focus on the specific application they surface.
16th June, 09
mark.baker@computer.org
Gadgets are NOT hosted by Google
•
•
•
•
Google Gadgets can be created by anyone.
Gadget must be deployed on a public web server.
Once deployed, anyone can use the Gadget.
iGoogle supports a Gadget library to help users find
Gadgets they may want to use.
• Google Gadgets are implemented behind public URLs.
• Any public server that speaks HTTP and returns
HTML can be a Gadget host:
– Apache web server, PHP, Ruby on Rails, ASP .NET,
– Java Application Servers (Servlet Containers).
• Important - Your web server must be exposed to the
Internet!
16th June, 09
mark.baker@computer.org
Web 2.0 Security Issues
• Security issues must be addressed, these include the
following:
–
–
–
–
–
–
User Authentication,
Access control (authorisation),
Data security,
Credential security,
Client security,
Acceptable use of new tools, such as:
• RSS,
• Instant messaging,
• Blogs,
• Wikis,
• Bookmarking and tagging,
• Personalised homepages,
• Social networks.
16th June, 09
mark.baker@computer.org
Security Issues
• The Web Browser is now the Web 2.0 platform.
• It needs cross application features with a solid
security model.
– For example - the browser does not sandbox the various Web
2.0 components that you may need to use.
– If you are using mashups from various sources
(google/amazon/yahoo) within the browser the JavaScript
from one component can interact with the JavaScript of
another component, play with your cookies and probably mess
up other browser hosted components!
• Google search - Web 2.0 security issues - gave MANY
hits!
• Many areas of Web 2.0 that are open security issues,
probably AJAX is one of the biggest!
16th June, 09
mark.baker@computer.org
Firefox and FireBug
16th June, 09
mark.baker@computer.org
SQL Injection
• SQL injection plays on a simple problem:
– A Web page's input fields often fail to distinguish between
innocent user data - information like names or dates - and
malicious commands,
– When a hacker's hidden instructions are entered into a
Web site's input forms, the site may confuse them with
user data and pull the commands into its SQL database,
where they can become integrated into the database's
code.
– That lets the hacker access the site's data or add
commands to the page so as to infect a visitor with
malicious software,
– A survey of major Web sites by White Hat Security found
that 16% of sites were vulnerable to this tactic.
16th June, 09
mark.baker@computer.org
Cross-Site Scripting
• About 65% of the major sites surveyed by security analysts
White Hat Security are vulnerable to an attack called crosssite scripting, which allows a disturbing upgrade to phishing
attacks.
• The typical phisher e-mails users a link that brings them to a
fraudulent site, conning them into sharing credit card
information or other sensitive data.
• In a cross-site scripting attack, the link instead folds hidden
command into a destination site's code.
• That means even a legitimate page can be secretly tweaked
so that when a user enters bank codes or other sensitive
information, the data ends up in the hands of the phisher.
• The threat of cross-site scripting is yet another reason to
watch out for links in unfamiliar e-mails.
16th June, 09
mark.baker@computer.org
Cross-Site Request Forgery
• Cross-site request forgery, sometimes known as
sidejacking, takes advantage of a vulnerability that is
common to password-protected Web pages.
• When a user logs in to a private site their identity is
marked with a cookie - a temporary file downloaded to
a user's browser.
• But if that user can be tricked into visiting a malicious
site, while still logged in to that password-protected
page, the second site can secretly steal their cookies,
and with them they have access to the first site's
private information.
16th June, 09
mark.baker@computer.org
Google Hacking
• About two out of every three Web searches starts at Google.
• So, it seems, do many attacks on Web sites.
• Google hacking uses the search engine to probe the entire
Web for sensitive information or hackable vulnerabilities in
code.
• Just by entering the right search string, for instance,
hackers are sometimes able to find repositories of credit
card information or social security numbers stored on the
Web.
• Recently, an attack seeming to originate in China used Google
to probe the Web for sites vulnerable to a certain strain of
SQL injection, targeting more than half a million pages and
infecting them with malicious software.
16th June, 09
mark.baker@computer.org
Forced Browsing
• In some cases, hacking a Web site is as simple as
changing a single digit in a Web address.
• By shifting the characters in a page's address that
refers to a name or date, a malicious user can sometimes
gain access to pages they are not intended to see, a
process security professionals call forced browsing.
• In 2006, Phil Angelides, a Democratic contender in the
California gubernatorial campaign, was accused of
hacking rival Arnold Schwarzenegger's Web site and
obtaining a confidential audio file.
• But a source close to the Democratic campaign told
News.com that Angelides' aides had merely tampered
with a URL to find the file.
16th June, 09
mark.baker@computer.org
Captcha Breaking
• One major challenge for security professionals is distinguishing
humans from software bots on the Web.
• In a webmail service, for instance, users are shown a captcha, a
distorted word or image, and asked to identify the text or
picture.
• The goal is to foil software designed to sign up for accounts
for the purpose of churning out spam.
• But in some cases, spammers have beaten the countermeasure
by creating sites that enlist users to solve captchas by the
hundreds in exchange for pornographic images.
• Google's Gmail captcha was the latest victim of cybercriminals.
• The site offers an audio function that reads captchas aloud for
blind users, hackers were able to use speech-to-text software
to defeat the test automatically.
16th June, 09
mark.baker@computer.org
Distributed Denial Of Service
• Sometimes a hacker's goal is not to steal information or
infect users with malicious software but rather to a shut
down a site altogether.
• In those cases, cyber-criminals often employ distributed
denial of service attacks (DDOS), a technique that floods
a Web server with requests for information and
overwhelms it.
• Using botnets, armies of unsuspecting computers are
hijacked with invisible software, cyber-criminals can
vastly multiply the size of their attacks and also mask
their origins.
• Need to examine current PKI-based security with the
various Web 2.0 mechanisms.
16th June, 09
mark.baker@computer.org
Wikis
• wiki-wiki – Hawaiian meaning quick.
• The first wiki was the WikiWikiWeb, by Ward
Cunningham 1995.
• A collaborative web application that allows users to
easily add and edit content.
• Can be used for:
– Developing documentation,
– Project management:
• History keeps a record of the changes and different versions of
the documents.
– Developing a conference programme.
• Encourages collaboration.
• Many have blog like discussion areas and RSS feeds.
16th June, 09
mark.baker@computer.org
Wikis
• Relatively standardised format and layout “Makes
contributors concentrate on content rather than
wasting time on pretty layouts”.
• Default in most Wikis will let anyone create and edit a
page:
– Need to protect Admin functions and limit creation, edit and
access rights,
– Can “lock” individual pages or sections,
– Can require registration to set up new pages or edit existing
ones.
16th June, 09
mark.baker@computer.org
Wikipedia
Option to edit
the page
16th June, 09
mark.baker@computer.org
Wikipedia (2)
No edit
option
16th June, 09
mark.baker@computer.org
Wikipedia - history
Date of edits
16th June, 09
Author/editor
mark.baker@computer.org
What are Wikis used for in real life?
• Wikis for training materials and conference organising:
– NeSC/eSI do this.
• Wikis for compiling subject guides.
– We create manuals/user-guides in our private Wiki, then use
some PHP that lets us expose the content to the public.
• Using a Wiki on an Intranet for internal purposes.
16th June, 09
mark.baker@computer.org
Blogs
• What is a Blog?
– Short for web log,
– Content management system that publishes
information chronologically,
– Content can range from self-indulgent drivel to
extreme depth,
– Easy to use and publish from anywhere, therefore
there is a high proportion of utter rubbish in the
“blogosphere”,
– Blogs automatically generate RSS feeds.
16th June, 09
mark.baker@computer.org
Anatomy of a Blog
16th June, 09
mark.baker@computer.org
Applications of Blogs
• Instead of, or in addition to, a printed, emailed or
static web-based newsletter:
– Current awareness for staff, users, researchers and clients “What’s new”,
– Publicising new services/products, encourage feedback via
comments.
• Marketing tool inside and outside of the organisation.
• Recording professional development and reflective
practice plus project development and discussions.
• Comments or “suggestions” box.
• Monitor blogs for information and competitor
intelligence.
• Alternative publishing medium.
16th June, 09
mark.baker@computer.org
Blogs as sources of information
• Blogs by industry gurus and experts are a good way of
keeping up to date with what is happening in a particular
sector.
• Look for the Blogroll of List of Links on a relevant blog.
• Google Blogsearch http://www.google.com/blogsearch
– Uses advanced search to search within an individual blog.
• Ask http://www.ask.com/ – Blogs and feeds.
• Live Feeds search - http://search.live.com/feeds.
• Blog search engines and directories:
– http://www.technorati.com/
– http://www.blogpulse.com/
– http://www.quacktrack.com/
16th June, 09
mark.baker@computer.org
What is RSS?
• Stands for Really Simple Syndication, or Rich Site
Summary or RDF site summary.
– Depends on version:
• Rich Site Summary (RSS 0.9x),
• RDF Site Summary (RSS 0.9 and 1.0),
• Really Simple Syndication (RSS 2.x).
– Also ATOM (Google).
– Written in XML.
– Look for the orange logos.
• A means of delivering headlines, alerts, tables of
contents.
Regarded as the de
facto standard
16th June, 09
mark.baker@computer.org
Why RSS is not that popular?
You need a feed “reader”…
16th June, 09
mark.baker@computer.org
http://www.google.com/reader
….like Google Reader
16th June, 09
mark.baker@computer.org
RSS instead of email
• Reduces the overload in your email inbox.
• By-passes spam filters.
• Quicker and easier to scan and spot individual
headlines within an alert or newsletter and decide
what is relevant.
• Can set up filters to pick up stories that mention
specific products, companies...
• You control when you receive and read the feeds.
• Easier to “unsubscribe”.
16th June, 09
mark.baker@computer.org
Tagging with Del.icio.us
• Storing bookmarks online so they can be accessed
from the Internet.
• Consolidating bookmark collections to eliminate the
confusion of attempting to locate bookmarks stored
on multiple computers.
• Personal interests – shopping, vacations, hobbies, and
so on.
• Academic Pursuits – keeping track of online source
materials in one location.
• Sharing – Bookmarks via the public.
• Expertise Mining – all bookmarks on del.icio.us have
been chosen by a human being.
– Exploring the results of their previous searches is a great
labour saver
16th June, 09
mark.baker@computer.org
Tagging on Del.icio.us
16th June, 09
mark.baker@computer.org
16th June, 09
mark.baker@computer.org
Facebook Facts
• Not just for college students anymore!
• Anyone with a valid e-mail address can join…
• Over 175 million active (users who have returned to
the site in the last 30 days).
• Company has 700+ employees.
• More than half of Facebook users are outside of
college with the fastest growing demographic being
those 30 years old and older.
• Average user has 120 friends on the site .
• More than 3 billion minutes are spent on Facebook
each day (worldwide).
http://www.facebook.com/press/info.php?factsheet (Feb/09)
16th June, 09
mark.baker@computer.org
Facebook
16th June, 09
mark.baker@computer.org
16th June, 09
mark.baker@computer.org
Flickr
•
•
•
•
http://www.flickr.com/
Owned by Yahoo!
Share photos with selected individuals or make public.
Put photos of your library’s or organisation’s events on
Flickr:
– Promote your department, information centre, organisation,
– Direct journalists to your “album” when they ask for photos
to accompany articles about you,
– Make sure you tag and describe them,
– Organise into sets,
– Decide on IPR - copyright and Creative Commons licenses.
16th June, 09
mark.baker@computer.org
Flickr
16th June, 09
mark.baker@computer.org
Slideshare,
• Share presentations.
• Include an accompanying commentary.
• Keep private, share with selected people, or
make public.
• Slideshare does not keep animations and
embedded links.
• Slideshare - http://www.slideshare.net/
• Embed Slideshare in your blog, web site,
Facebook profile, start page ……..
16th June, 09
mark.baker@computer.org
Slideshare
16th June, 09
mark.baker@computer.org
YouTube
• http://www.youtube.com/
• Owned by Google.
• Videos of varying content and quality:
–
–
–
–
–
News broadcasts,
Various videos and corporate broadcasts,
PR, advertising campaigns,
Videos of events, new service launches, anything,
The Queen has a YouTube channel!
• http://www.youtube.com/user/TheRoyalChannel
• Embed YouTube videos in your Blog, Facebook
page, start page, web site etc.
16th June, 09
mark.baker@computer.org
Twitter
• http://www.twitter.com/
• Microblogging:
–
–
–
–
–
“tweets” are 140 characters,
What are you doing?
“follow” friends,
Lots of plugins for your browser and desktop e.g. TwitKit,
Send first 140 characters of your blog postings to Twitter
using http://twitterfeed.com,
– Add Twitter to your Facebook profile.
• Search for friends and colleagues, and topics:
– Twitterment, Tweet Scan etc.
• Analyse a person’s tweets with Tweet Clouds:
– http://www.tweetclouds.com/
16th June, 09
mark.baker@computer.org
Twitter
16th June, 09
mark.baker@computer.org
Who is on Twitter?
The
BBC
The
Times
10 Downing
Street
16th June, 09
mark.baker@computer.org
Conference Twitter Streams
• “Blogging conferences is so 20th century!”
– Twitterers/tweeters abound at conferences,
– The INSOURCE Conference Twitter Experiment
http://www.rba.co.uk/wordpress/2008/02/11/theinsource-conference-twitter-experiment/,
– Can set up a Twitter event stream,
– Delegates, conference chairs, moderators can all
comment on and monitor the proceedings,
– Send tweets to your blog using LoudTwitter:
• Generates a chronological list of your tweets by day and with
the oldest listed first,
• Easier to read as a record of the event.
16th June, 09
mark.baker@computer.org
Second Life
16th June, 09
mark.baker@computer.org
What next?
• Play and experiment.
• You do not have to try everything.
• Focus on what you think will make your work
easier, more productive, more effective.
• If it does not work or it takes longer to carry
out a task without significant benefits, ditch it!
• There is no law that says you have to use
something just because it has a Web 2 .0 tag.
16th June, 09
mark.baker@computer.org
Approaches to Web Semantics
•
•
•
•
Tagging,
Statistics,
Linguistics,
Semantic Web:
–
–
–
–
–
RDF – Store data as “triples”,
OWL – Define systems of concepts called “ontologies”,
Sparql – Query data in RDF,
SWRL – Define rules,
GRDDL – Transform data to RDF.
• Artificial Intelligence!!!!
• Natural Language processing!
16th June, 09
mark.baker@computer.org
A Mainstream Application of
the Semantic Web…
16th June, 09
mark.baker@computer.org
What is Twine?
• Twine is a service for managing and sharing
information on the Web.
• Works for content, knowledge, data, or any other
kinds of information.
• Designed for individuals and groups that need a better
way to organise, search, share and keep track of their
information.
16th June, 09
mark.baker@computer.org
LinkedIn
• A professional networking tool.
• It can be leveraged to:
– Find and be found by prospective jobseekers and other business
contacts,
– Stay in touch with people.
16th June, 09
mark.baker@computer.org
Medicine 2.0
16th June, 09
mark.baker@computer.org
Conclusions
• More and more people are using Web 2.0 technologies
– sophisticated tools and utilities are constantly being
developed.
• Some people like the ideas related to Web 2.0, other
feel they are not good!
• There has been a lot of discussion on the Internet
about Web 3!
• Jim Hendler sees Web 3.0 as the “Semantic Web
technologies integrated into, or powering, large-scale
Web applications”.
• From my own view point, Web 3.0, will probably be the
integration of Web 2.0 and “the Web of Data”.
16th June, 09
mark.baker@computer.org
Web X Roadmap
Connections between Information
Nova Spivack
CEO & Founder
Radar Networks
Intelligent Web
Web 4.0
Web OS
2020 - 2030
Intelligent personal agents
Web 3.0
Semantic Web
Distributed Search
SWRL
OWL
2010 SPARQL
Semantic Databases
2020
OpenID AJAX
Semantic Search
ATOM
Widgets
Social Web
RSS
Mashups
P2P RDF
Office 2.0
Javascript
Flash
SOAP XML
2000 - 2010 Weblogs Social Media Sharing
Java
The Web
HTML
SaaS Social Networking
HTTP
Directory Portals Wikis
VR
Keyword Search Lightweight Collaboration
The PC
BBS Gopher
Websites
1990 - 2000
SQL
MMO’s MacOS
Groupware
SGML
Databases
Windows
File Servers
Web 2.0
Web 1.0
The Internet
FTP
IRC Email
PC Era
1980 - 1990
USENET
PC’s
File Systems
Connections between people
16th June, 09
mark.baker@computer.org
Forthcoming Events
16th June, 09
mark.baker@computer.org
Forthcoming Events
16th June, 09
mark.baker@computer.org
Forthcoming Events
16th June, 09
mark.baker@computer.org
Web 2.0 Cartoons
16th June, 09
mark.baker@computer.org