1. The branches of Earth Science
are:
Geology, Astronomy, Meteorology,
and Oceanography
2. Atmosphere – layer of gases that surround Earth
Lithosphere – solid rock layer around Earth
Hydrosphere – layer of liquid water that surround
Earth
Biosphere – life part of Earth
3. Mass, (volume), length, time
4. Observation – descriptions about the environment
using the 5 senses .
Example: The book is red.
5. Qualitative observation describes the condition or
physical attributes of something. Ex. red book
Quantitative observations describes the amount of
something in the environment (using includes a
number). Ex. 4 red books
6. Inference – an educated guess.
Example: It will rain tomorrow.
7. Equilibrium – a balance between opposing forces.
Example: Tug of war game
8. Interface – the boundary between 2 different
materials. Example: Air and Water (pond) and
weather fronts
9. Solid – L x W x H = V
Liquid – measured using a graduated cylinder in
mL.
10. 5.4 x 10^5 km
11. As x increase, y increases (vice versa).
12. As x increase, y decreases (vice versa).
13. As x increase, y increases and decreases.
14. As x increase, y stays the same (vice versa).
15. Example:
30°F increases to 48°F in 6 hours
Rate of Change = change in field value/time
Rate of Change = (48°F - 30°F) / 6 hours
Rate of Change = 3°F/hr
16. Percent error = (difference between your value
and accepted value / accepted value) x 100%
17. Density – amount of matter per unit volume;
how tightly packed matter is.
D=m/v
*m=Dxv
*v=m/D
18. Densest – solid
Least dense – gas
*Except for water – densest as liquid!
19. As temperature increases, density decreases
(indirect).
20. As pressure increases, density increases (direct).
21. 4°C
22. Stays the same! (Mass and Volume will also be
halved so the ratio stays the same.)
23. They do NOT affect density!
24. D = 45g / 9 mL
D = 5.0 g/mL
25. m = v x D
m = 6 x 3 = 18.0g
26. v = m / D
v = 20 / 10 = 2.0 cm^3
27. a) D = m / v
b) D = 348.6g / 124.6 mL
c) D = 2.8 g/mL
d) Quartz – 2.65 g/mL
e) Percent error = (difference between your
value and accepted value / accepted value) x
100%
f) % error = ((2.8-2.65) / 2.65) x 100
g) % error = 5.7 %