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Objectives
Chapter 26: Inserting Endnotes, Footnotes,
and References
Performance Objectives
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Create Footnotes and Endnotes
CHECKPOINT 1
Create Citations and Bibliographies
Insert a Works Cited Page or Bibliography
CHECKPOINT 2
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Create Footnotes and Endnotes
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Research papers and reports generally contain information
from a variety of sources.
To acknowledge and credit these sources, you can insert
footnotes or endnotes in a document.
A footnote is an explanatory note or reference that is placed at
the bottom of the page on which a source is referenced.
An endnote is also an explanatory note or reference, but it is
placed at the end of a document.
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Create Footnotes and Endnotes…continued
To insert a footnote:
1. Click the References
tab.
2. Click the Insert
Footnote button in the
Footnotes group.
(continues in next slide)
Insert Footnote
button
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Create Footnotes and Endnotes…continued
3.
Type the footnote
text.
footnote
text
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Create Footnotes and Endnotes…continued
To insert an endnote:
1. Click the References
tab.
2. Click the Insert
Endnote button in the
Footnotes group.
3. Type the endnote text.
Insert Endnote
button
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Create Footnotes and Endnotes…continued
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When you print a document that contains footnotes, Word
automatically reduces the number of text lines on a page by
the number of lines in the footnote(s) plus the line separating
the footnotes from the document text.
Word separates footnotes from document text with a 2-inch
separator line that begins at the left margin.
If the page does not contain enough space, the footnote
numbers and bibliographic text are moved to the next page.
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Create Footnotes and Endnotes…continued
To view footnotes:
1. Click the References
tab.
2. Click the Next
Footnote button in
the Footnotes group.
Next Footnote
button
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Create Footnotes and Endnotes…continued
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When you move, copy, or delete footnote or endnote reference
numbers, all remaining footnotes or endnotes are
automatically renumbered.
Click the Footnotes group dialog box launcher and the
Footnote and Endnote dialog box displays. At this dialog box,
you can convert footnotes to endnotes and endnotes to
footnotes, change the location of footnotes or endnotes,
change the number formatting; start footnote or endnote
numbering with a specific number, letter, or symbol; or change
numbering within sections in a document.
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Objectives
CHECKPOINT 1
1) This is an explanatory note or
reference that is placed at the
bottom of the page.
a. footnote
b. endnote
c. footer
Answer
d. header
3) The Footnote button is located in
which tab?
a. Home
b. Insert
c. References
d. Review
2) This is an explanatory note or
reference that is placed at the end
of the document.
a. footnote
b. endnote
c. footer
d. header
Answer
4) Copy the footnote or endnote by
holding down this key when
dragging the reference number.
a. F1
b. Alt
c. Shift
d. Ctrl
Answer
Next Question
Next Slide
Answer
Next Question
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Next Question
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Create Citations and Bibliographies
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In addition to using footnotes and endnotes to credit sources
in a research paper or manuscript, consider inserting in-text
citations and a works cited page to identify sources of
quotations, ideas, and borrowed or summarized material.
An in-text citation acknowledges that you are borrowing
information from a source rather than plagiarizing (stealing)
the words or ideas of another.
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Create Citations and Bibliographies…continued
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Word provides three commonly used editorial styles for citing
references in research papers and reports:
 the American Psychological Association (APA) reference
style, which is generally used in the social sciences and
research fields;
 the Modern Language Association (MLA) style, which is
generally used in the humanities and English composition;
 the Chicago Manual of Style (CMS), which is used both in
the humanities and social sciences and is considered more
complex than either the APA or MLA style.
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Create Citations and Bibliographies…continued
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When formatting a research paper or report in MLA or APA
standards, you will need to follow certain guidelines for
properly formatting the first page of the document.
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Create Citations and Bibliographies…continued
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With the MLA style, in the
upper left corner of the first
page of the document, you will
need to insert your name, your
instructor’s name, the course
title, and the current date, all
double-spaced.
Type the title of the document
a double-space below the
current date, and then center
the document title.
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Create Citations and Bibliographies…continued
When using APA style, the title page is located on a separate
page from the body of the document.
 On the title page, you need to include the title of your paper,
your name, and your school’s name, all double-spaced,
centered, and located in the upper half of the title page.
 The title page also needs to include a header with the text
Running Head: followed by the title of your paper in uppercase
letters at the left margin, and the page number at the right
margin.
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Create Citations and Bibliographies…continued
To insert a new citation:
1. Click the References
tab.
2. Click the Insert Citation
button in the Citations
& Bibliography group.
3. Click the Add New
Source option at the
drop-down list.
4. Type the necessary
source information.
5. Click OK.
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Add New Source
option
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Create Citations and Bibliographies…continued
Select the type of reference you want to cite
by clicking this down-pointing arrow.
Type information about a
new source in the fields
of this dialog box.
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Create Citations and Bibliographies…continued
To insert a citation with
an existing source:
1. Click the References
tab.
2. Click the Insert
Citation button in the
Citations &
Bibliography group.
3. Click the desired
source at the dropdown list.
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existing
source
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Create Citations and Bibliographies…continued
To modify sources:
1. Click the References
tab.
2. Click the Manage
Sources button in
the Citations &
Bibliography group.
3. Edit, add, and/or
delete sources.
4. Click Close.
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Manage Sources
button
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Create Citations and Bibliographies…continued
Master List
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Current List
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Create Citations and Bibliographies…continued
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If you include a direct quote from a source, you will want to
include quotation marks around all of the text borrowed from
that source and insert, in the citation, the page number(s) of
the quoted material.
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Create Citations and Bibliographies…continued
To insert a page number
in a citation:
1. Click the citation to
display placeholder.
2. Click the Citation
Options arrow.
3. Click the Edit Citation
option.
(continues on next slide)
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Edit Citation
option
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Create Citations and Bibliographies…continued
Type the page number(s).
5. Click OK.
4.
page
number
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Insert a Works Cited Page or Bibliography
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If you include citations in a report or research paper, you need
to insert as a separate page a works cited page or bibliography
at the end of the document.
A works cited page or bibliography is an alphabetic list of the
books, journal articles, reports, or other sources referenced in
the document.
When you type source information for citations, Word
automatically saves information from all of the fields into a
bibliography and works cited list, alphabetized by each author’s
last name or the title of the work.
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Objectives
Insert a Works Cited Page or Bibliography…continued
To insert a works cited page
or bibliography:
1. Insert a new page at the
end of the document.
2. Click the References tab.
3. Click the Bibliography
button in the Citations &
Bibliography group.
4. Click the desired
predesigned works cited
or bibliography option.
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predesigned built-in
works cited option
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Insert a Works Cited Page or Bibliography…continued
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If you insert a new source at the Source Manager dialog box or
modify an existing source, Word automatically inserts the
source information in the works cited page or bibliography.
If you insert a new citation, which requires you to add a new
source, Word will not automatically update the works cited
page or bibliography.
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Insert a Works Cited Page or Bibliography…continued
To update the works cited
page or bibliography:
1. Click anywhere in the
works cited page or
bibliography.
2. Click the Update
Citations and
Bibliography tab.
Update Citations and
Bibliography tab
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Insert a Works Cited Page or Bibliography…continued
Reference styles have specific formatting guidelines.
 The formatting applied by Word to the works cited page or
bibliography may need to be changed to meet specific
guidelines of the MLA, APA, or Chicago style.
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Insert a Works Cited Page or Bibliography…continued
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MLA and APA styles require the following formatting guidelines
for the works cited page or bibliography:
 Begin work cited or bibliography on a separate page after
the text of the report.
 Include the title “Work Cited” or “Bibliography” and center
the title.
 Double space between and within entries.
 Begin each entry at the left margin and hang indent second
and subsequent lines in each entry.
 Alphabetize the entries.
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Objectives
Insert a Works Cited Page or Bibliography…continued
Reference styles have specific formatting guidelines.
 The formatting applied by Word to the works cited page or
bibliography may need to be changed to meet specific
guidelines of the MLA, APA, or Chicago style.

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Insert a Works Cited Page or Bibliography…continued
To change the citation
style:
1. Click the References
tab.
2. Click the downpointing arrow at the
right of the Style
option in the
Citations &
Bibliography group.
3. Click the desired
style.
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Style option
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Objectives
CHECKPOINT 2
1) This reference style is generally
used in the social sciences and
research fields.
a. MLA
b. APA
c. CMS
Answer
d. MAL
Next Question
3) If you include a direct quote from a
source, you will want to include
these around the quote.
a. quotation marks
b. parentheses
c. commas
Answer
d. asterisks
Next Question
2) In this section, the Source
4) Insert this for a document
Manager dialog box displays all of
formatted in the MLA style.
the citations you have created in
a. works cited page
Word.
b. bibliography
a. Current List
c. cover page
b. Source List
d. text box
c. Master List
Answer
Answer
d. Main List
Next Question
Next Slide
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