Lady Liberty
Qing Official
It’s 1839 and
China’s got
problems!
Queen Victoria
Write: “Chapter 12 – Asian Imperialism”
at the head of your notes
Samurai
William II
(Wilhelm)
Czar Nicholas II
•
Entering the 1800s, China is doing well on
its own… but problems arise
• The ruling Qing dynasty declined because
of internal and external pressures:
1. Internal – corruption, peasant unrest,
incompetence, growing population, food
shortages
2. External – intense external pressure
applied to Chinese society by the modern
West
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*China, largest untapped market in
Eastern Asia
British restricted to a small trading
outpost in Guangzhou (GWONG JO)
British have an unfavourable balance of
trade with China
• British start selling
Opium – highly
addictive drug – make
a huge profit
• Opium is grown in
northern India under
the British East India
Company and then
shipped directly to
Chinese markets.
,
creates entire
generations of drugaddicts
•Chinese had already
made trade of opium
illegal
• Read Chinese ambassador,
Lin Zexu’s (ghee-shoe) appeal
to Queen Victoria. What was
he asking for? Imagine you
are Queen Victoria – write a
brief response.
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Safari Montage Video – China (Chapter 1,
Chinese government blockades Guangzhou. second section – 3 min 6 sec)
Chinese try to force traders to surrender their chests of opium
Britain responds with force,
Chinese humiliated - British easily defeat the less developed military
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2.
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Chinese open 5 coastal ports to British trade
Limit taxes on British goods
Chinese pay for the costs of the war
Chinese give British island of Hong Kong
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– Europeans living in
sections of China were subject to their own
(European) laws, not Chinese law.
– Areas where imperial powers
had exclusive trading rights
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Great Britain is importing (smuggling) Opium into China: leads to greater demand (spending more
money) as large portion of population becomes addicted.
China asked G.B. to stop opium imports, but G.B. refuses leads to war.
Opium war is a complete disaster for Chinese: do not have military technology to face G.B.
Lose war and are have to sign treaty of Nanjing 1842
Results in weakening of Chinese authority over own country
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Forced opening of Chinese ports to foreign trade
Island of Hong Kong is given to Great Britain
China has to pay G.B. back for the costs of the war
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Chinese revolt- raising up against Manchu (Chinese) gov’t
Chinese gov’t needs western intervention to defeat rebels
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Weakened by Opium War and Tai Ping rebellion other countries force open the door of China to
other foreign powers.
Other countries like France, Russia, and Japan create “spheres of influence” across China.
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Peasant uprising that attempted to drive all foreigners out of China
Name comes from boxing “rituals” that they practiced
Boxers targeted Christian missionaries
An international army was sent in to put down the rebellion- peace agreement signed in 1901
Pronounced May-jee
Emperor Mutsuhito
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Industrialize
Model Gov’t after West
Universal Education
Land ownership
Build Military
from
virtually all contact from
the outside world.
• Only maintained formal
relations with Korea, and
informal trading links with
Dutch and Chinese
merchants at Nagasaki.
were held captive,
• 1853, Commodore
Matthew Perry, fleet of
American warships arrive
in Edo Bay (Tokyo).
• Perry sought to, “bring a
singular and isolated
people into the family of
civilized nations”
• Brought with him a letter
from president Millard
Fillmore
1. Asked for better treatment of sailors
shipwrecked on the Japanese islands
2. Opening of foreign relations between the
United States and Japan
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Question ultimately decided by the guns of
Commodore Perry’s ships.
Under military pressure, Japan granted
concessions, or political compromises
1. Opened new ports to Western traders,
and established a U.S. consulate in
Japan.
2. Japan learns from China*
* Japan eventually recognizes that colonies
provided Western powers with sources of raw
materials, inexpensive labor, and markets for
their manufactured products.
• To compete, Japan would also have to expand.
• Goes to war with China over control of Korea,
• Japan wins, also acquires Taiwan
• Defeat Russia’s Baltic fleet.
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Unites the Japanese nation under a single ceremonial ruler- the emperor.
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His advisers were the ones running the country
Abolition of feudalism gave Japanese people opportunities to work in new fields brought on
by the Industrial Revolution
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Government promoted this industrial reform by paying for then selling to private individuals
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Gov’t introduced national education system- most Japanese attended public school for 6
years
Created a Constitution and an elected parliament- governments just like they had in the
west
Changed legal system
Western nations recognized these changes and acknowledge Japan as an equal
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Japan begins to conquer foreign lands
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Takes over Korea, Part of China, and Taiwan
Creates a Sphere of Influence in China – but forced to return by European nations
Defeats Russia in war to protect its colony of Korea
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