CO2 Sequestration in Geologic Formations
Terralog Technologies USA, Inc.
BP Hydrogen
Energy CO2 Project
TTI
CO2 Sequestration in Geologic Formations
Hydrogen Energy is a joint venture between BP and
Rio Tinto
California project using petroleum coke to
manufacture hydrogen for 250MW power plant
Capture 1,000,000 metric tons per year CO2 from
power plant and sequester underground
TTI
CO2 Sequestration in Geologic Formations
TTI
Study areas for siting
the power plant
included the Los
Angeles basin,
Ventura basin and
southern San Joaquin
basin
CO2 Sequestration in Geologic Formations
TTI
Evaluate existing large oil fields and saline aquifers for
injection potential
Geology of southern California ideal for sequestration:
•Thick, deep marine sandstones that provide petroleum
reservoirs
•Regional shales overlying sands that act as seals
•Geologic structures (anticlinal folds, faults) that
provide traps
CO2 Sequestration in Geologic Formations
TTI
Oil Fields
Describe the geology
Wells and production history (oil & gas produced and estimated
reserves)
Potential CO2 sequestration targets (typically below 3000ft
depth)
Injection capacity
LOCATION MAP
LA Basin OilinProduction:
8.7 billion bbl
CO2 Sequestration
Geologic Formations
San Vicente
Beverly Hills
Sawtell
e Cheviot Hills
Salt Lake
Brea Olinda
Rosecrans
Santa Fe Springs
624 million bbl
Dominguez
275 million bbl
Torrance,
Coyote
Yorba Linda
Kraemer
Richfield
Long Beach Oil Field, 1 billion bbl
Seal Beach Oil Field, 211 million bbl
Ocean
4
L.A. Basin
Sansinena
Bandini
225 million bbl
0
Montebello
Whittier
Potrero
El Segundo
Pacific
Los Angeles
Las Cienegas
Inglewood
Playa Del Rey
TTI
Wilmington Oil Field
2.6 billion bbl
1.4 Offshore
1.2 Onshore
8
Belmont Offshore
Huntington Beach, 1.3 billion
Newport
12
Scale in Miles
Initial study in the Los Angeles Basin, for the BP refinery at
Carson, CA, near the Wilmington oil field
N
CO2 Sequestration in Geologic Formations
Wilmington Oil Field Example
Structure and stratigraphy
TTI
TTI
CO2 Sequestration in Geologic Formations
Zone
Thickness (ft)
Area (mm ft2)
Volume (mm ft3)
Porosity (%)
Permeability (md)
Upper
Terminal
300
324
97,200
30.0
735
Lower
Terminal
360
324
116,640
29.0
500
Union
Pacific
125
108
13,500
29.0
140
Ford
300
108
32,400
24.0
80
237
200
72
14,400
23.0
168
Potential injection zones in the Wilmington field.
Area calculated from structure map. Thickness,
porosity, permeability data from California
Department of Oil, Gas and Geothermal Resources
TTI
CO2 Sequestration in Geologic Formations
Field/Area
Wilmington Oil
Field(combined)
Total
Area
Pore
Formation / Depth Thicknes (E6 Porosit Pore
Vol
Pressure
Zone
(ft)
s (ft)
ft2) y (%) Vol (ft3) (m3)
(psi)
3.73E+1 1.04E+0
Up Terminal 3000
300
414 30%
0
9
1500
4.32E+1 1.21E+0
Low Terminal 3600
360
414 29%
0
9
1800
7.18E+0 2.01E+0
Union Pacific 4000
125
198 29%
9
8
2000
1.43E+1 3.99E+0
Ford
4550
300
198 24%
0
8
2275
7.45E+0 2.09E+0
237
5500
200
162 23%
9
8
2750
1.09E+1 3.06E+0
1285
1
9
1000 kg
Temp
at 5% Sequestratio
Pressure Temp (degree Liq CO2 Saturatio
n Vol.
(Mpa) (deg F)
C)
(1000 kg)
n
(1000kg)
10.3
90
32
4.84E+08 2.42E+07
12.4
108
42
5.62E+08 2.81E+07
13.8
120
49
9.33E+07 4.66E+06
15.7
137
58
1.85E+08 9.26E+06
19.0
165
74
9.68E+07 4.84E+06 7.10E+07
1.42E+09 7.10E+07
Injection volume calculations for the Wilmington oil field
Increasing pressure and temperature
CO2 Sequestration in Geologic Formations
TTI
Estimated potential mass storage for all studied oil
fields assuming 100% displacement of fluids and 5%
total CO2 saturation by volume
Assume CO2 density is about equal to critical point
density (464kg/m3)
CO2 Sequestration in Geologic Formations
Potential mass CO2 storage assuming 100% displacement
TTI
CO2 Sequestration in Geologic Formations
Potential mass CO2 storage assuming 5% sautration
TTI
CO2 Sequestration in Geologic Formations
TTI
Saline Aquifers
Large, deep sedimentary basins
Describe geology based on wildcat wells and published
studies
Potential targets larger, deeper than oil field targets
Estimate volume
CO2 Sequestration in Geologic Formations
TTI
Central
Trough
Carson
Refinery
Wilmington
Graben
In Los Angeles basin,
studied the Central Trough
area and offshore
Wilminton Graben
Area
Formation/ Depth Thickness
Porosity Pore Vol
(E6
CO2
in Geologic Formations
ZoneSequestration
(ft)
(ft)
(%)
(ft3)
ft2)
Pore Vol
(m3)
Liq CO2
(1000 kg)
1000kg at
TTI 5%
saturation
Puente
15000
1000
3500
15%
5.28E+11 1.48E+10
6.86E+09
3.43E+08
Topanga Gp
20000
700
3500
10%
2.46E+11 6.90E+09
3.20E+09
1.60E+08
Estimated volume for the Central Trough
Field/Area
Wilmington Oil
Field(combined)
Total
Area
Pore
Formation / Depth Thicknes (E6 Porosit Pore
Vol
Pressure
Zone
(ft)
s (ft)
ft2) y (%) Vol (ft3) (m3)
(psi)
3.73E+1 1.04E+0
Up Terminal 3000
300
414 30%
0
9
1500
4.32E+1 1.21E+0
Low Terminal 3600
360
414 29%
0
9
1800
7.18E+0 2.01E+0
Union Pacific 4000
125
198 29%
9
8
2000
1.43E+1 3.99E+0
Ford
4550
300
198 24%
0
8
2275
7.45E+0 2.09E+0
237
5500
200
162 23%
9
8
2750
1.09E+1 3.06E+0
1285
1
9
1000 kg
Temp
at 5% Sequestratio
Pressure Temp (degree Liq CO2 Saturatio
n Vol.
(Mpa) (deg F)
C)
(1000 kg)
n
(1000kg)
10.3
90
32
4.84E+08 2.42E+07
12.4
108
42
5.62E+08 2.81E+07
13.8
120
49
9.33E+07 4.66E+06
15.7
137
58
1.85E+08 9.26E+06
19.0
165
74
9.68E+07 4.84E+06 7.10E+07
Estimated volume for the Wilmington Oil Field
1.42E+09 7.10E+07
CO2 Sequestration in Geologic Formations
TTI
Structure
contour map
on the top of
Miocene
sediments
Created from
offshore
seismic
surveys
CO2 Sequestration in Geologic Formations
TTI
Elk Hills Oil Field
1,300,000Mbbl oil produced; 107,000Mbbl reserves
2,150,000MMcf gas produced; 707,000MMcf reserves
1,300,000MMcf gas injected (PM); 1,100,000Mbbl water/steam injected (WF)
TTI
CO2 Sequestration in Geologic Formations
Hydrogen Power
Plant
Location of plant
north of Elk Hills
CO2 used for EOR
Waste water
injected at site
Elk Hills
40 wells injecting
200,000bbl
water/day
1. Geological Evaluation of CO2 Sequestration Potential in the Los Angeles
and Ventura Basins
CO2 Sequestration in Geologic Formations
2. Preliminary Review of CO2 Sequestration Potential in the Wilmington
Graben
3. Preliminary Review of CO2 Sequestration Potential in the Huntington
Beach Offshore Oil Field
4. Geological Evaluation of CO2 Sequestration Potential in the Carson
Refinery Area and Selected Saline Aquifers in the Los Angeles Basin
5. Geological Evaluation of CO2 Sequestration Potential in the San Joaquin
Valley
6. Geology of the Proposed BP Hydrogen Power Plant Area and Suitability for
Large Volume Wastewater Injection
7. Geological Evaluation of the CO2 Sequestration Potential in the Ventura
Basin
8. Geological Evaluation of the CO2 Sequestration Potential of Saline
Aquifers in the Southern San Joaquin Basin
TTI
CO2 Sequestration in Geologic Formations
TTI
Prepared US EPA Class V Injection Permit
Application for injection at the BP Carson Refinery
including:
•Geology
•Numerical Modeling for Injection
•Area of Review
•Well Design and Construction
•Surface Equipment Design
•Monitoring Systems and Plan