The Skeletal System
Chapter 5 – Anatomy/Physiology
NHS
Dr. Smith
Skeletal System
Division of Skeleton
• Axial skeleton –
skull, spine, chest
(80 bones)
• Appendicular
skeleton - upper
and lower
extremities (126
bones)
SKULL
• 8 cranium bones, 14
face bones, 6 ear
bones
• Sutures –immovable
joints
• Fontanels – “soft
spots”
• Sinuses –
spaces/cavities inside
skull
– Paranasal – NOSE
• Vertebrete- Spine
irregular shaped
spine bonds
• Cervical 7, Thoracic
12, Lumbar 5,
Sacrum-Coccyx 2
• Sternum – breastbone
• 12 pairs of ribs – attach
to vertebra
– 14 true ribs - upper
seven pairs attached
by costal cartilage
– 10 False ribs lowest 2 pairs not
attached to sternum
“floating”; next
three pair are
attached to 7th rib
Thorax/Chest
Upper extremities
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Scapula – shoulder blade
Clavicle – collar bone
Sternoclavicle joint – clavicle/sternum
Humerous – upper long bone in arm
Radius/Ulna – forearm bones
8 Carpals – wrist bones
5 metacarpals – palm bones
28 phalanges – finger bones
Hip and Pelvis
• Large coxal bone
• illium, ischium, and pubis grow together in
an adult
Lower Extremities
• Femur – long bone – upper leg
• Patella – knee cap
• Tibia/fibula – lower leg bones
• 8 Tarsals – ankle bones
• 5 metatarsals – sole bones
• 28 phalanges – finger bones
Foot Arches
• Medial Longitudinal Arch - Inside of foot
• Lateral Longitudinal Arch - Outside of foot
• Transverse (metatarsal) arch - extends on
the ball of the foot
Man/Woman
Differences
• Male skeleton's
larger
• Female’s pelvis
supports childbirth
- male’s pelvis is
more narrow female's pelvis
angle is greater
Joints - ARTICULATIONS
• Synarthrotic joint - no movement
• Anphiarthrotic joint - slight movement
• Diarthrotic - free movement
• Allow for free
movement
• All have a joint
capsule, cavity, and a
layer of articulating
cartilage over the ends
of the two joining
bones ( synovial
membrane in joint
capsule
• Ligaments - fibrous
connective tissue - hold
joint together
Diathrotic Joint
LAB #1 - Skeletal Lab
• Materials - microscope, bone slides
• Procedure: Observe draw and label slides #1-4
in lab-book. BE SURE TO LABEL. Answer
results questions in full ENGLISH sentences
• Results: SEE RESULTS HANDOUT
GROUND BONE
Developing Cartilage Bone
Developing Membrane Bone
Tendon-Bone Junction