Enhancement of in situ aerosol
instrumentation within ACTRIS
Urs Baltensperger and the ACTRIS consortium
Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry
Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
ACCENT-Plus Symposium
Urbino, I, 17-20 September, 2013
Objectives of ACTRIS
Aerosols, Clouds, and Trace gases Research Infrastructure Network
• To provide long-term observational data relevant to climate and air
quality research on the regional scale produced with standardized or
comparable procedures
• to support trans-national access to large infrastructures and
access to high-quality information and services for the user
communities
• To develop new integration tools to fully exploit the use of multiple
atmospheric techniques at ground-based stations
• To enhance training of new scientists and new users
• To promote development of new technologies for atmospheric
observation of aerosols, clouds and trace gases through close
partnership with EU SMEs
Components and sites of ACTRIS
•
•
•
•
In situ aerosol
In situ gas phase
Remote sensing aerosol
Remote sensing clouds
Work packages contributing to
in situ aersol measurements
Two work packages contributing to aerosol in situ
measurements:
•Networking Activity: In-situ chemical, physical and optical
properties of aerosols
•Joint Research Activity: Comprehensive gas phase and
aerosol chemistry
Builds on previous EU projects (CREATE, EUSAAR)
ACTRIS has adopted a wide number of the
aerosol variables recommended by GAW
Variable:
- Multiwavelength optical depth:
- Mass in two size fractions
- Major chemical components in two size fractions:
- Scattering and hemispheric backscattering
coefficient at various wavelengths:
- Absorption coefficient:
- Aerosol number concentration:
- Cloud condensation nuclei (at various
supersaturations):
- Aerosol size distribution
- Detailed size fractionated chemical composition
- Dependence on relative humidity
- Vertical distribution of aerosol properties (LIDAR):
ACTRIS lead:
Calibration service
Instrumentation assessment
OC/EC, Organic tracers,
carbon balance
Intercomparison
Intercomparison
Intercomparison
SOP development
Intercomparison
Instruments, algorithms,…
Size distribution measurements:
Several intercomparisons in the last decade,
much progress but still large discrepancies at small diameters
Wiedensohler et al., AMT 2012
Atmospheric background conditions can profitably be studied by means
of continuous monitoring activities at High Mountain Stations
that provide unique opportunities to detect and analyses
global change processes also through the observations of SLCF
Black carbon and Ozone are continuously monitored
at the high mountain GAW-WMO Global stations of
Monte Cimone (2165 m)
The Po Valley (Italy) seen from Mt. Cimone GAW station during
a polluted summer day in the Summer 2006
Italian Northern Apennines
and
Nepal Climate Observatory @ Pyramid (5079 m)
Southern Himalaya.
Black carbon @
MTC
NCO-P
Ozone @ Mt. Cimone
Black carbon and
ozone are SLCF, shortlived climate forcer:
they only stay in the
atmosphere for a few
days to weeks.
The ABC pollution in Himalaya seen from
Both sites are close to
the NCO-P at 5079 m asl in April 2009
polluted areas
Ozone @ NCO-P characterized by presence
of
Atmospheric Brown Clouds
Photos P.Bonasoni
ACTRIS has strong connection to EMEP
Example 2012 Campaign:
See talk by Wenche Aas
Mineral
dust
14 EMEP / ACTRIS sites
PM10 - Low volume sampling
Particle Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE)
14
13
12
5
11
6
3
4
2
10
1
9
8
7
EMEP Report 4/2013
EMEP 2012 Campaign:
Saharan dust outbreaks,
links to models
EMEP Report 4/2013
Continuous on-line chemistry
measurements with the ACSM
Old version: Quadrupol MS
New version: ToF MS
Stations of the ACSM network
Many additional
stations besides
the original 6
stations
 great
mobilization
of additional
resources
Finokalia, Crete
Long-term measurements of optical properties
1200
Scattering coef.
90
Scattering coef. (Mm-1)
Absorption coef.
1000
80
70
800
60
50
600
40
400
30
20
200
10
0
2001
0
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
ACSM measurements summer 2012
Absorption coef. (880 nm, ng/m3)
100
Fracti
0.2
1 year ACSM at Cabauw, Netherlands
0.0
Organics
Nitrate
Sulfate
Ammonia
Chloride
Mass / µg/m³
40
30
20
10
0
10.08.2012
19.09.2012
29.10.2012
08.12.2012
17.01.2013
26.02.2013
07.04.2013
17.05.2013
Date and time
Comparison ACSM and ToF-AMS
3.0
3.0
1.5
Org
1.0
2
2.0
1.5
R =0.73
m=1.13
0.5
0.0
NO3
1.0
2
R =0.87
m=1.32
0.5
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
Mass Concentration HR-ToF-AMS
2.5
3.0 0.0
1.2
1.2
NH4
1.0
R =0.72
m=0.92
1.0
0.8
0.6
SO4
0.4
2
R =0.76
m=0.54
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.4
Mass Concentration ACSM
2.0
Mass Concentration ACSM
2.5
Mass Concentration ACSM
Mass Concentration ACSM
2.5
1.4
0.5
1.0
1.5
Mass Concentration HR-ToF-AMS
2.0
2.5
2
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
Mass Concentration HR-ToF-AMS
 Good correlation, SO4 factor 2 lower
2.0
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
Mass Concentration HR-ToF-AMS
1.0
Average chemical composition
at different sites
Birkenes
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
Aug
des-feb
Average chemical composition
at different sites (2)
Paris
8
7
6
Cl
5
NO3
4
SO4
3
NH4
2
OM
1
0
JJA (2012)
DJF (2012-13)
One-year data set of the
ToF-ACSM from the Jungfraujoch
Fröhlich et al., in prep.
First source apportionment
with positive matrix factorization
Using a standardized PMF tool developed at PSI (Canonaco et al., AMTD 2013)
Fröhlich et al., in prep.
Provision of ground based aerosol in situ
data within ACTRIS
Yearly reporting deadline
See also Posters by Ann Mari Fjaeraa
All data are available from
http://ebas.nilu.no
2012 data: 31. July 2013, following
EMEP deadlines
24 sites from 15 European countries have
reported QA aerosol in situ data since
start of ACTRIS
Trend analysis: a crown jewel of data usage
Collaud Coen et al., ACP 2013
Asmi et al., ACP 2013
 While only a few sites were available with a least a 10-year data record
here, many more sites are expected to be involved in the next analysis,
thanks to ACTRIS (and other initiatives within the Global Atmosphere
Watch Program)
The ACTRIS Roadmap 2011-2020
Conclusions
• ACTRIS has continued/enhanced the success of previous
EU FP programes like CREATE, EUSAAR, EARLINET
• ACTRIS has a central role on data harmonization not only
in Europe but globally
• ACTRIS has pushed forward a number of innovative
instrumental developments from which the whole world
profits
• ACTRIS does not only create a data repository, but is also
actively involved in dissemination / usage of the data
• It is important to get ACTRIS on the European Research
Infrastructure map
Thank you very much for your attention !
Spatial variability of aerosols
 Concentrations
and trends of
aerosol much more variable than
e.g. of CO2
400
Mixing ratio (ppm)
390
380
370
CO2_MaunaLoa
360
CO2_JFJ_Empa_cont
CO2_JFJ_UniB_cont
350
340
330
320
Jan 74
Jun 79
Dez 84
Jun 90
Nov 95
Mai 01
Nov 06
Mai 12
Components and sites of ACTRIS
In situ aerosol
In situ gas phase
Remote sensing aerosol
Remote sensing clouds
Data availability of ACSM network
Long-term measurements of chemical
composition with the TOF-ACSM
 Clearly better
than the Q-ACSM
Fröhlich et al.,
AMTD 2013
Saharan dust - NAOi
• NAO
affects frequency of Saharan dust intrusions over Iberian Peninsula
•Correlation improves with proximity to Atlantic Ocean
•If NAO extremely positive or negative, effects felt across the Peninsula
2002-2010
Frequency of Saharan dust intrusions (days)
North
30
South
Central
East
North East
2
R =0.73
2
R =0.54
2
R =0.42
2
R =0.40
2
R =0.35
25
20
15
10
5
0
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
NAOi
Cusack, M et al. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 12, 8341-8357, 2012
Trends of aerosol components:
Montseny 2002-2010
Sharp reduction since 2008: economic recession + meteo
5
4
3
2
Sn
Cu
jul 2010
ene 2010
jul 2009
ene 2009
jul 2008
ene 2008
jul 2007
ene 2007
jul 2006
ene 2006
jul 2005
ene 2005
jul 2004
ene 2004
jul 2003
ene 2003
-3
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
Pb
Sb
Sb (ng m )
10
8
6
4
2
0
jul 2002
-3
-3
-3
OC (µg m )
NO3- (µg m )
-3
Cu (ng m )
Nitrate
-3
-3
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
Sn (ng m )
Pb (ng m )
OC
Ammonium
-3
6
4
2
0
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
Meteorology + pollution abatement strategies
5
4
3
2
1
NH4+ (µg m )
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
Sulphate
V
-3
4
3
2
1
V (ng m )
SO42- (µg m )
Gradual replacement of fuel-oil with natural gas for power generation
Cusack, M et al. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 12, 8341-8357, 2012
EMEP 2012 Campaign:
Mineral dust
14 EMEP / ACTRIS sites
Low volume sampling
Particle Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE)
(µg/m3)
Mineral load: obtained by the addition of the SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3
concentrations, and the dust contribution of Na2O, K2O, CaO and MgO after the
subtraction of their marine contribution from the bulk concentrations
EMEP Report 4/2013
Distribution of sites
+Armenia
05.10.09
Total observed organic carbon (TOOC)concept
Corinne Hörger, Stefan Reimann
Part of ACTRIS WP 2.2
WANTED:
Data from different stations (same
time period)
Gaseous substances (VOC,
OVOC, monoterpenes)
Particulate organic substances
Data from Hohenpeissenberg
16
others
14
aromatics
organic carbon [ug C/m3]
MVK+Methacrolein
12
isoprene
monoterpenes
10
formaldehyde
acetaldahyde
8
ethanol
6
methanol
4
butane
acetone
propane
ethane
2
OC aerosol
0
HPB
Data from DWD HPB and Empa
Corinne Hörger, Stefan Reimann