Outline

1/15/07
Announcements
Turn in seminar reports - to me
CAPA set#1 - due tonight
Discussion section – Mon @ 4pm
Summer Research – Wed @ 6:30pm
 Review
Chapter 12 calculations
 Review biofilms & Start Chapter 13
Questions:
DISCUS logins?
CAPA due tonight? – problem #9
Practice calculations of
Colligative Property effects
 Freezing
Point Depression
Kf = -1.858°C/m
DT = Kf m
 Boiling Point Elevation
Kb = 0.512°C/m
DT = Kb m
where Kf and Kb are constants
and m is concentration of solute
in terms of molality (mols/kg solvent)
Worksheet #1 problems:
 100
kg NaF is added to 10000 L of H2O
Freezing Point Depression:
DT = Kf m
Kf = -1.858 C kg/mol (for water)
100000g NaF  42 g/mol = 2381 mol NaF
2381 mol NaF  2 ions = 4762 mols solute
10000 L H2O = 10000 kg solvent
Freezing Point Depression:
DT = -1.858  0.4762 = -0.884°C
Worksheet #1 problems:
 2.00
g sucrose is added to 500 mL of H2O
Osmotic Pressure:
p = mRT
R = .08206 L-atm/mol K
2.00g  342 g/mol = .00585 mol sucrose
0.500 L H2O = 0.5 kg solvent
Osmotic Pressure:
p = 0.117  0.08206  300 = .288 atm
= 219 torr
p.108
Like dissolves like….
 What
is a macromolecule?
biopolymers
Organic Chemistry:



Nomenclature:
Alkanes, Alkenes, Alkynes
Branched chain alkanes
Aromatic compounds
Functional groups
Organic Reactions
Polymers
Definitions
Properties
Intro to Biochemistry….
Organic Chemistry:



Nomenclature:
Alkanes, Alkenes, Alkynes
Branched chain alkanes
Aromatic compounds
Functional groups
Organic Reactions
Polymers
All are just definitions….
need to know the language….
Alkanes
 methane
 ethane
 propane
 butane
 pentane
 hexane
 heptane
 octane
 nonane
 etc.,
Identify the alkane:
butane
Organic Nomenclature:
 Root
refers to the # of carbon atoms:
Methane
Ethane
Ethene
Ethyne
Propane
Propene
Propyne
Butane
Butene
Butyne
Pentane
…
…
Hexane
Septane
Octane
Alkanes
Alkenes
Alkynes
single bonds double bonds triple bonds
Alkenes
 ethene
 propene
# refers to
position...
 1-butene,
2-butene
 1-pentene, 2-pentene, 3-pentene
1-butene
cis-2-butene trans-2-butene
Alkanes,
All single
bonds
Alkenes,
Alkynes
A double bond A triple bond
somewhere
somewhere
What if the C atoms are not in a row?
2-methyl-butane
“Branched-chain
alkanes”
alkane
 methane
ethane
propane
butane
pentane
hexane
heptane
octane
nonane
alkyl- prefix
methylethylpropylbutylpentylhexylheptyloctylnonyl
Practice:
 Draw
a structure of 3-ethyl-heptane
1
2
3
Aromatic compounds: (Rings)



B  benzene
T  toluene
gasoline
E  ethylbenzene
X  xylene
 napthalene
mothballs
What do all
aromatic
compounds
share?
Aromatic compounds: (Rings)
 Delocalized
e.g.
1,3,5 trinitro
toluene
(TNT)
electrons!!! (& smell)
Organic nomenclature (cont’d)
 Organic
Functional Groups:
Alcohols: -OH e.g. 2-propanol
Acids:
-C=OOH
Section 13.1
Ketones:
-C=O
Esters:
-C=OOEthers:
-OAldehydes: -C=OH
Amines:
-NH2
etc.
Polymerizable Functional Groups
p. 111
Polymer Linkage Groups
p. 111
Functional Groups
 Carbon
combines with other atoms
(mainly H, N, O, S and halogens) to
form “functional groups”
 Sites of typical reactions
 Used to classify organic compounds
 Serve as a basis for naming compounds