Accelerator/RF systems
Anders Sunesson
RF group leader
www.europeanspallationsource.se
April 22, 2015
RF Overview
• RF provides the power to accelerate
• 2 WPs are covered, WP 8 and WP 17
• There are 155 cavities to be powered, each by one
amplifier station
• Start at the wall power plug end at the cavity coupler
• New development: SML modulator topology
• New development: MB-IOT amplifier
• Costbook value 166 M€, ≈118 WP8, ≈48 WP 17
• A large part of the RF systems is provided in kind
2
RF In Kind discussions
• NC RF systems and Spoke LLRF provided by ESS-Bilbao
• Spoke RF transmitters provided by Elettra
• Spoke, medium/high beta interlock systems provided by
Hungary
• 704 MHz LLRF provided by Poland
• Phase reference line provided by Warsaw Technical University
• Distribution systems spoke, medium and high beta provided by
Huddersfield University
• Installation services provided by IFJ PAN Krakow
• Ongoing discussions on design of dry HV HF transformers with
Technical University Tallinn, Estonia
• Covers all of WP 8 except Master oscillator, medium/high beta
amplifiers
• Covers WP 17 except medium/high beta High voltage supplies
3
Master Schedule – RF Systems
MILESTONES
REVIEWs
MASTER SCHEDULE - RF SYSTEMS
Q3
2015
Q4
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q1
Q2
2017
Q3
Q4
Q1
Q2
UPPSALA TEST STAND
1st KLYSTRON
PROTOTYPE
READY FOR TESTS
MASTER OSCILLATOR
PROTOTYPE READY
PHASE REFERENCE
352 & 704 MHz
DISTRIB. READY
RF LAYOUT PLAN
READY
Q3
2018
Q4
Q1
FULL ACCESS
TO TUNNEL
2-MAY-2017
EARLY ACCESS
TO GALLERY
7-OCT-2016
MS
PROTOTYPING
2016
Q4
Q2
2019
Q3
Q4
Q1
Q2
FULL ACCESS
TO GALLERY
31-MAY-2018
Q3
2020
Q4
Q1
Q2
Q3
2021
Q4
2022
Q3
FIRST PROTON ON TARGET
28-JUNE-2019
Q4
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
CAPABILITY for 2 GeV
23-SEPT-2022
LLRF PROTOTYPE &
CONTROLS READY
330 kVA MODULATOR
PROTOTYPE
CDR
LOW LEVEL RF &
CONTROLS
Q2
DECISION IOT or
KLYSTRON for HIGH
BETA LINAC
1st IOT PROTOTYPE
READY FOR TESTS
SML 130 kVA MODULATOR
PROTOTYPE
Q1
TECHNICAL STOP
Q2
TECHNICAL STOP
2014
Q1
SYSTEM DESIGN AND INDUSTRY PREPARATION
PROCUREMENT AND MANUFACTURE
INSTALLATION AND COMMISSIONING
TRR
LAST
DELIVERY
INSTALLATION PHASE 1
INSTALLATION PHASE 2
CDR
HB LAST
DELIVERY
MODULATORS
MB LAST
DELIVERY
TRR
INSTALLATION PHASE 1
MB SPEC
INSTALLATION PHASE 2
MB CDR
HIGH POWER
AMPLIFIER
MB LAST
DELIVERY
INSTALLATION PHASE 1
HB LAST
DELIVERY
INSTALLATION PHASE 2
RF DISTRIBUTION
CDR
]
DATA EXTRACTED BY P6 PLANNING - MARCH 2015
TRR
PHASE 1 LAST
DELIVERY
INSTALLATION PHASE 1
PHASE 2 LAST
DELIVERY
INSTALLATION PHASE 2
PREPARED BY A. SUNESSON, L. LARI & L. GUNNARSSON
CHECKED BY J. WEISEND
APPROVED BY M. LINDROOS
RF Technical performances
352.21 MHz
2.4 m
Source
LEBT
75 keV
4.5 m
RFQ
3.6 m
MEBT
704.42 MHz
40 m
DTL
3.6 MeV
54 m
75 m
Spokes
Medium β
90 MeV
Energy (MeV) Frequency /MHz
220 MeV
174 m
High β
HEBT & Contingency
Target
570 MeV
2000 MeV
No. of Cavities
βg
Temp / K
RF power /kW
Source
0.075
-
0
–
~300
–
LEBT
0.075
-
0
–
~300
–
RFQ
3.6
352.21
1
–
~300
1600
MEBT
3.6
352.21
3
–
~300
20
DTL
90
352.21
5
–
~300
2200
Spoke
220
352.21
26 (2/CM)
0.5 βopt
~2
330
Medium β
570
704.42
36 (4/CM)
0.67
~2
870
High β
2000
704.42
84 (4/CM)
0.86
~2
1100
HEBT
2000
–
0
–
~300
–
RF Selected technologies
• Two new technology developments are presented
• SML – stacked mutli-level modulator topology
• This gives scalable, compact, and cost effective solutions
• Multi-beam IOT
• This gives higher efficiency, and a more compact system compared
to klystrons
• The following slides detail technology choices and
strategies throughout RF systems
6
Modulators Strategy A
• ESS internal development of a new topology (SML – Stacked
Multi-Level)
• Construction and validation of a Reduced Scale prototype
rated for 120 kVA (115kV / 20A, 3.5ms / 14Hz) in collaboration
with Lund University (LTH). Can power one 704MHz 1.2MWpk
klystron
• Project has started in June 2013. Completion and
demonstration of technology are foreseen for fall 2015
• Upgrade to the full scale system 660kVA (115kV / 100A, 3.5ms
/ 14Hz) is a matter of thermal re-design and selection of
higher current components. The full scale modulator is able to
power 4x 704MHz 1.2MWpk klystrons in parallel.
Straightforward approach with low risks
7
Modulators Strategy B
• ESS has launched an Invitation To Tender for the design and
construction of one 330kVA modulator
•
•
•
•
Contract awarded to Ampegon on June 2014
Technical Design Report under review
Delivery foreseen for Feb 2016
Soak testing in Uppsala RF test stand, from March to May(?) 2016
• CEA / Saclay has launched an Invitation To Tender for the
design and construction of another 330kVA modulator for
their RFQ test stand. It can also serve as a technology
demonstrator for ESS
• Contract awarded to DTI on Oct 2014
• Delivery foreseen for Jan 2016
• Soak testing at CEA/Saclay RFQ test stand from January to April(?) 2016
8
The Stacked
Multi-Level
(SML) to
modulator:
From
a conceptual
design
reality…
– Development roadmap
Sept ’13 – May ’14
Apr
’14 Modulators for ESS
Klystron
CAP.
BANK 6
DC-
LEM 1+
LEM 1-
LEM 2+
HF
Transformer 2
Lf
LEM 3+
LEM 2-
Cf
HF
Transformer 3
KLYSTRON OIL
TANK
(NOT PART OF
THE SUPPLY)
Lf
KLYSTRON
HEAD
HF
Transformer 4
HV CABLE
LEM 4+
LEM 3-
Cf
KLYSTRON
BODY
Construction and testing of High
Voltage Oil tank assembly
Feb’15 to Sept’15
Lf
LEM 5+
LEM 4-
Cf
HF
Transformer 5
Lf
Cf
LEM 5-
DRIVER
Lf
Cf
LEM 6+
DRIVER
Kds
ON
OFF
DRIVER
DC/AC #6
Ldc C
HF
Transformer 1
HF
Transformer 6
Lf
Cf
LEM 6-
DRIVER
GSw
Rds
CAP.
BANK 5
DRIVER
DC+
LEM DC-C
DRIVER
CC
Rcb
LEM T-C
Rp
DRIVER
DRIVER
KAC C
LEM CB-C
DRIVER
Lf T-C
DC/DC #C
AC/DC #C
Tcb
24 V
dc
LEM R-C
Lf S-C LEM S-C
MCB
DRIVER
DC/AC #5
Lf R-C
No Volt
Coil
Jun ’13
DB-
14
24
24 V
dc
A2
A1
13
23
SD
DRIVER
Kds
CAP.
BANK 4
SDE
OF
DRIVER
GSw
DC/AC #4
Ldc B
LEM T-B
KAC B
Rds
CAP.
BANK 3
DRIVER
DB+
LEM DC-B
DRIVER
CB
DRIVER
DRIVER
Lf T-B
DRIVER
Lf S-B LEM S-B
EMC FILTER
LEM CB-B
Rcb
LEM R-B
DC/DC #B
AC/DC #B
Rp
Lf R-B
T
DRIVER
Kds
DC/AC #3
Tcb
24 V
dc
R
S
DA-
14
24
A2
R PreCh
(3x)
A1
24
13
23
DRIVER
DC/AC #2
CAP.
BANK 2
KPreCh
23
DRIVER
GSw
CAP.
BANK 1
Ldc A
LEM T-A
KAC A
14
24
DC/AC #1
Rds
13
23
LEM DC-A
CA
Rcb
DRIVER
Lf T-A
LEM CB-A
DRIVER
Th PreCh
DC/DC #A
AC/DC #A
Rp
LEM R-A
Lf S-A LEM S-A
DRIVER
A2
Lf R-A
OIL TANK
(NOT PART OF THE
SUPPLY)
(PART OF THE SUPPLY)
DA+
Tcb
A1
24 V
dc
14
24
24 V
dc
CABINET #2 (INVERTERS)
14
24
DRIVER
A1
13
23
AUX POWER
SUPPLY
(PART OF THE SUPPLY)
13
23
-
A2
CABINET #1 (CAPACITOR CHARGERS)
+
Experimental
results, low
voltage stage
May
’14
Carlos A. Martins – ESS AB,
Accelerator
Division, RF Group
Jan ’15
9
Aug ’14
9
Modulator decision chart (to medium b)
Strategy
A - SML
B:1Ampegon
Ready/Delivery Validated
Fall 2015
Q1 2016
Decision
point
End 2015
Mid 2016
If A:
SML fully
validated,
Q1 2016
If B:
July 2016
B:2 - DTI
Q1 2016
Mid 2016
Outcome
Strategy A: Launch call for
tender for 660 kVA units
medium beta. ESS Bilbao
similar action for NC linac
Strategy B: Launch call for
tender for 330 kVA units for
medium beta. ESS Bilbao
similar action for NC linac
Note: higher cost (≈6 M€ Mb),
schedule challenges
10
ESS LLRF prototype and efforts
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
mTCA 4 standard
Regulation 352 and function 704 tested
Adaptive feedforward learning
Lorentz force detuning compensation
Tests (352 @ FREIA, 704 @ Saclay)
Klystron linearisation
Requirements on precision
•
•
•
•
•
Control/cavity system modeling
Beam physics (loss) modeling
Regulation system set-up
Handling beam current variations
Handling modulator ripple
• Note all LLRF provided in kind
11
Phase ref line
• First design prepared
• Prototyping 2015-2016,
scaled down version to
test
Temperature controlled within ±0.1°C
MO
20dBm,352.21MHz
~40dBm, 352.21MHz
• Phase reference signal
delivery system
• Air pressure system
• Temperature control system
• Data acquisition, drift
calibration, EPICS interface
• Phase reference line
provided in-kind
20dBm, 704.42MHz
~50dBm, 704.42MHz
Temperature controlled within ±0.1°C
352.21MHz, 1 5/8’’ rigid line
704.42MHz, 1 5/8’’ rigid line
…
…
12
High power amplifiers
Section
Power /kW
Baseline
Status
Normal conducting
RFQ and DTL
2800
Klystron
In kind
Normal conducting
bunchers
30
Solid State
In kind
Spoke linac
400
Tetrode
In kind
Medium beta linac
1500
Klystron
Prototyping
1500/1200
Klystron/IOT
MB-IOT (decision
end 2017)
Prototyping
High beta linac
13
Spoke power sources
• 400 kW tetrode-based solution
• Two complete stations to Uppsala University FREIA
facility (Proof of concept)
• FAT of tube recently (Thonon)
Results
Peak
power
200 kW
Efficiency
66%
Gain
15 dB
Duty
4.6%
14
Medium and high beta (klystron option)
Three klystron prototypes are being procured, from three different
manufacturers (Thales, Toshiba and CPI)
Status of the contract
Expected
delivery
date
Thales
Contract started in January 2015
(Kickoff meeting held at the end of
January)
Klystron design based on the TH2182
for Cern with minor modifications
Design review in one month
March
2016
Toshiba
Contract started at the beginning of
March 2015
(Kickoff meeting held on March 17th)
Design review next May
May 2016
Contract in place
July 2016
CPI
Toshiba
E37504
CPI
Thales
TH 2180
15
Multi-Beam IOT for ESS (High beta baseline)
10 Beam Multi-Beam IOT
1.2 MW
704 MHz
16
Output Power [MW]
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
Multi-Beam IOT, courtesy L3, CPI, Thales
MAGIC-3D simulation of
one beam with MB-IOT offaxis B-field
45kV
Body Current Per Beam [A]
Output Power [MW]
6
8
10
Input Power [kW]
12
14
16
36kV
40kV
45kV
50kV
0
0
4
36kV
40kV
45kV
50kV
0
2
2
4
0.80
1.2
0.75
1
0.70
0.8
0.65
0.60
0.6
0.55
0.4
0.50
0.45
0.2
0.40
0
0.35
0.30 0
0
6
8
10
[kW]
6 Input Power
8
10
Input Power [kW]
4
1.4
Efficiency
Body Current Per Beam [A]
Vk = 48 kV
Class-C
2
2
1.8
1.4
1.6
1.2
1.4
1.2
1
1
0.8
0.8
0.6
0.6
0.4
0.4
0.2
0.2 0
12
12
14
14
16
16
36kV
40kV
45kV
50kV
2
2
4
6
8
10
[kW]
6 Input Power
8
10
Input Power [kW]
4
0.80
0.75
0.70
0.65
0.60
0.55
0.50
0.45
0.40
0.35
0.30
12
12
36kV
40kV
45kV
50kV
14
14
16
16
Power and Efficiency
Impact of HV
Efficiency
1.2 MW
40kV
50kV
0
Power Transfer Curve
36kV
36kV
40kV
45kV
50kV
17
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
IOTs and power supplies for high beta
• 2 prototypes will be delivered end 2016
• Testing at CERN complete mid 2017
• IOT/Klystron decision for high beta end 2017
– If IOT looks successful PSU development needed
• Proof of concept start 2017
• Start of series contract 2018
• Delivery first unit 2020
– If Klystron is the choice
• Start of series contract 2018
• Delivery first unit 2020
18
IOT/Klystron selection criteria
• Technical performance
• Project risk
• Financial considerations
• Manufacturing capability compatible with timescales
• Power output minimum 90% of rated power
• Reliability (time to repair/replace, MTBF trip & fault)
• (ESS document ESS-0008307)
19
RF Distribution systems
Section
Type
Status
Partner
Normal conducting
RFQ and DTL
Waveguide
In kind
ESS Bilbao
Normal conducting
bunchers
Transmission line
In kind
ESS Bilbao
Spoke linac
Waveguide
In kind
+Prototype UU
Huddersfield University
Medium beta linac
Waveguide
In kind
+Prototype Lund
Huddersfield University
High beta linac
Waveguide
In kind
+Prototype Lund
Huddersfield University
• Issues: high temperature cooling water in loads – new
external development needed
• Several km of waveguides needed
20
Interlock: Prototype design
– PLC module plus fast module.
– PLC monitors slowly varying signals (temperatures etc)
– Two FIM (Fast Interlock Module) are being designed in
parallel (arc detectors, pin diodes, etc)
• Siemens FM352-5 Fast Boolean Processor (FPGA based) – 12 Inputs
/ 8 outputs per module. Only 24VDC digital inputs/outputs are
available.
• Fast Interlock Module NI cRIO connected via Fieldbus to the main
controller PLC CPU. Different signal types I/O are available.
21
RF Integration and Verification
• RF systems will be prototype level tested at CERN
(IOT), FREIA (330 kVA modulator, 704 klystron), Lund
(Reduced scale SML modulator, 704 klystron)
• In kind contributions will be tested at our partner
sites prior to delivery
• RF systems will be installed directly in the gallery and
tested on site (by our partners and as part of Polish
contribution from Krakow)
• A detailed plan for these activities is needed
22
RF Organization
• Until EOC there will be
– 13 technicians added to WP 8
– 5 technicians added to WP 17
23
RF Major Procurements I
• 330 kVA modulator prototype
• Awarded t o Ampegon Jan 2014
• Cost 1100 k€
• Delivery schedule Jan 2016
• 2nd 330 kVA modulator
• For Cryomodule test stand Lund
• Estimated cost 1440 k€
• Call for tender Q4 2015, delivery Q4 2017
• Medium beta linac modulators
•
•
•
•
9 x 660 kVA modulators baseline
10300 k€ total
Possible suppliers Jema, DTI, Ampegon,…
Call for tender Q1 2016, delivery Q4 2017-Q1 2019
24
RF Major Procurements II
• 704 MHz 1.2 MW Multi-beam IOT prototypes
• 2 contracts awarded to L3 and CPI/Thales consortium
• Cost 5000 k€ together
• Delivery scheduled Oct 2016
• 704 MHz 1.5 MW klystron prototypes
• 3 contracts awarded to Toshiba, Thales, and CPI
• Cost 1400 k€ together
• Delivery scheduled March 2016 (Thales), May 2016 (Toshiba),
and July 2016 (CPI)
• Medium beta 704 MHz klystrons
•
•
•
•
36 x 1.5 MW klystrons
Cost 11200 k€ total
Possible suppliers Thales, Toshiba, CPI,…
Call for tender Q3 2016, delivery Q2 2018-Q2 2019
25
RF Major Procurements III
• High beta linac modulators
•
•
•
•
21 x 660 kVA modulators baseline
21000 k€ total
Possible suppliers Jema, DTI, Ampegon,…
Call for tender Q4 2017, delivery Q1 2020-Q2 2022
• High beta 704 MHz IOTs
•
•
•
•
84 x 1.5 MW IOTs baseline
Cost 26000 k€ total
Possible suppliers Thales, L3, CPI,…
Call for tender Q2 2018, delivery Q3 2019-Q2 2022
26
RF Top risks
Issue
Risk
Solution
A large fraction of the RF
systems is designated as inkind
In kind partners might
redesign already designed
systems like LLRF, LPS, and
Spoke RF transmitters
When milestone slippage is
detected, procure from
industry
In kind partner personnel
not capable of delivering
the desired functionality
When milestone slippage is
detected, procure from
industry
Gallery space is very tight and
not all is designed
RF systems might not fit
into the gallery
Add space
The klystrons are cooled at
high temperature (50 -80 C)
1)Reduced lifetime
2)Not stable performance
3)Unsafe
Cool klystrons at 30 C
27
Next Six Months
• HoAs and in kind contracts signatures, and
finalisation of the SoWs (mid summer)
• Continued follow-up of IOT, klystron, and modulator
contracts
• Finalization of the SML modulator prototype
• First HV tests of SML prototype
• Hiring of four positions to the RF group
• Finalization of interlock system design
• Phase reference line prototype
28
RF Summary
•
•
•
•
Power to all accelerating cavities provided
Very demanding schedule
Challenging in kind portion
Exciting new developments
• SML modulator topology
• MB-IOT concept
29
Thank you
30
• SPARE SLIDES
31
High Voltage oil tank assembly:
- Design in view of construction . Collaboration with LU
HV module
HV oil tank assembly
(Collaboration between ESS and LTH)
- Design of the whole system
undergoing;
HV module (HV transformer + HV rectifier)
Construction and validation of one HV module prototype is
undergoing:
- HV transformer assembled (first test results obtained two
weeks ago);
- HV rectifier is under construction (PCB’s delivered last Tuesday)
control signal
primary voltage
secondary voltage
secondary current
32
330 kVA modulator, strategy B1
AMPEGON AG
H-bridge inverters
(x36) based on
MOSFET’s (x720)
Electrolythic
capacitors
(x108)
HVHF transformers
(x36 units)
33
330 kVA modulator, strategy B2
Diversified Technologies Incorporated, DTI
Pulse Transformer (7.4tons; 1’850 liters of oil)
34
Primary pulse generator (weigth = 5 tons)
LLRF system NC
Power Grid
Klystron
modulator
9
U
10
I
Pz Ctrl
fine grain tuning
Circulator
Pz
PreAmp
Klystron
3
LLRF system:
Motion control
Cavity
4
5
6
7
M
Motor Ctrl
coarse grain tuning
Load
2
1
LLRF system:
PI-controller
1 … 10
Phase Reference Clk 352.21 MHz
8
Master Oscillator
LLRF system:
Monitoring & Storing
Warning/Errors
35
Prototype Block Diagram
Temperature controlled within ±0.1°C
Data Acquisition and EPICS interface
MO
20dBm,352.21MHz
~40dBm, 352.21MHz
20dBm, 704.42MHz
~50dBm, 704.42MHz
CPU
Data Communication Bus
Data Acquisition Board
Input from temperature sensors, air pressures,
amplifier protection signals
7/8’’ Coaxial cable
Temperature controlled within ±0.1°C
352.21MHz, 1 5/8’’ rigid line
Drift Calibration
704.42MHz, 1 5/8’’ rigid line
Digital Domain
…
…
• 16dBm at each tap point for LLRF, BPMs, and BSMs
• Total 12 taps in prototyping
• SNR at each output shall be >70dB in single side bandwidth1MHz
• Integral phase noise 1Hz~100kHz shall be >70dB
AD
C
AD
C
AD
C
AD
C
AD
C
AD
C
AD
C
AD
C
AD
C
3/8’’ coaxial
cable
Input from 6 taps and 2 MO outputs
36
Medium and high beta (klystron option)
36 Medium beta elliptical cavities: 704.42 MHz, input power from 207 kW to 866 kW (plus 30% for losses
compensation and overhead)  saturated power from klystrons up to 1.15 MW
84 High beta elliptical cavities: 704.42 MHz, input power from 835 kW to 1.1 MW (plus 30% with
klystrons); 1.2 MW MB IOTs (or klystrons as backup)
Racks
Klystron specs
Nominal output power
1.5 MW
Frequency
704.42 MHz
BW
≥ +/- 1 MHz
Pulse width
3.5 ms
Repetition rate
14 Hz
Perveance
0.6*10-6
Efficiency
>60%
VSWR
Up to 1.2
Power Gain
≥ 40 dB
Group Delay
≤ 250 ns
Harmonic Spectral content
≤ -30 dBc
Spurious Spectral content
≤ -60 dBc
Klystrons
Modulators
4.5 Cells of 8 klystrons for Medium Beta
10.5 Cells of 8 klystrons (IOTs) for High Beta
37
Output Power [MW
Operational Optimisations
Courtesy of L3 Communications
1.6
1.4
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
36kV
40kV
45kV
50kV
0
Power and Efficiency
Impact of HV
Efficiency
Body Current Per Beam [A]
Increased beam voltage provides
for better performance
• Increases gain
• Increases efficiency
• Decreases body current
Simulations are for 10 beams
00
1.4
0.80
1.2
0.75
0.70 1
0.65
0.8
0.60
0.55
0.6
0.50
0.4
0.45
0.40
0.2
0.35
0
0.30
78 0 0
4
6
8
10
Input Power [kW]
0.80
0.75
74
0.70
72
0.65
0.60
70
0.55
0.50
68
0.45
0.40
66
0.3535
0.30
0
12
14
16
36kV
40kV
45kV
50kV
36kV
40kV
45kV
50kV
22
44
66
88
1010
Input
Power
[kW]
Input Power [kW]
1212
1414
1616
36kV
40kV
45kV
50kV
36kV
40kV
45kV
50kV
2
2
4
4
76
Efficiency
Efficiency [%]
Plot shows maximum
achievable efficiency for
various operating points
Body Current Per Beam [A]
Output Power [MW]
1.3 MW
70% eff
2
1.4
1.8
1.2
1.6
1.4
1
1.2
0.8 1
0.8
0.6
0.6
0.4
0.4
0.2
0.2
00
2
40
2
4
6
8
10
6
8
10
Input Power [kW]
Input Power [kW]
45
50
Voltage [kV]
6
8
10
Input Power [kW]
12
12
55
12
14
14
16
16
36kV
40kV
45kV
50kV
60
38
14
16
MAGIC Prediction of MB-IOT Performance
Courtesy of Thales and CPI
Power Transfer Curve
Efficiency & Gain vs Output Power
1.2 MW
Efficiency
Gain
Vk = 48 kV
Class-C
MAGIC-3D simulation of
one beam with MB-IOT offaxis B-field
•
•
At 1.2 MW, h = 72% with Vk = 48 kV
At 600 kW
• h = 59% with Vk = 48 kV
• h = 68% with Vk = 34 kV
39
Some results from the TH2182 klystron testing at
CERN
The klystron TH2182 has also been tested at ESS parameters
Nominal output power
1.5 MW
Frequency
704.42 MHz
Beam Voltage
111.4 kV
Beam current
22.2
Repetition rate
2 Hz
Pulse length
1.8 ms
Efficiency
66%
Saturated Gain
45.15 dB
Group Delay
130 ns
40
Courtesy of Thales ED and CERN
Distribution system layout example MB
ESS needs waveguides in
Huge quantity
41