Molecules and Compounds
Atoms
Molecules
Cells
Tissues
Organs
Organ System
Organism
Organization
Atoms
Molecules
Cells
Tissues
Organs
Organ Systems
Organism
Atoms, Molecules, Compounds
• Atom – small unit that makes up all living and
non – living things
• Molecule – More than one atom (can be the
same)
• Compound – More than on atom (different
atoms)
Molecules That Make Up Cells
1. Water
• Water is one of the most important molecules in
your body.
• Water makes up about 2/3 of your body and plays
many important roles in cells.
Molecules That Make Up Cells
• Because of the way the hydrogen and oxygen come
together to make water, the molecule has a charge.
• When something has a charge, it is called polar.
Water Is polar.
• Anything that is polar will dissolve in water.
• Anything non polar will not dissolve in water
• Things that dissolve in water are called
hydrophilic.
• Things that do not dissolve in water (repel
water) are called hydrophobic.
Molecules That Make Up Cells
2. Carbohydrates
• Carbohydrates are molecules made of carbon,
hydrogen and oxygen. Sugars and starches are
carbohydrates.
• Carbohydrates store energy.
Molecules That Make Up Cells
3. Nucleic Acids
• Nucleic acids are very long molecules made of
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and
phosphorous.
• Nucleic Acids store important
information for the cell.
• 2 main kinds: DNA and RNA
– DNA directs cell activities.
– RNA is the directions to make proteins
Molecules That Make Up Cells
4. Lipids
• Lipids are made of carbon hydrogen and oxygen.
• Fats, oils and waxes are all lipids, and they do not
mix with water.
• Your cells use lipids to make membranes and store
e
energy.
Molecules That Make Up Cells
5. Proteins
• Proteins are one of the most important molecules in
your cells. They aid in cell structure, form different
cell parts, and perform many important functions for
the cell.
Molecules That Make Up Cells
5. Proteins
• Proteins are made of long chains of carbon hydrogen
oxygen and nitrogen.
• Because of the complex way these chains fold up, a
protein may have one part that dissolves in water,
while another part of the same protein does not
dissolve.
The Food You Eat
• Think of the food as the building blocks. Each
molecule of food is broken down by the
digestive system and later re-arranged by each
cell to build stuff your cells need.
The Mitochondria Make the Energy
The carbohydrates you eat are
broken down to simple sugars.
Those simple sugars are sent
through the blood stream to all
the cells. The mitochondria of
the cells change the sugar into
ATP so that the body can use it.
The Ribosomes Make the Protein
The Proteins you eat are broken
down to amino acids. Those
amino acids are sent through the
blood stream to all the cells. The
ribosomes of the cells make new
proteins from the amino acids in
the food you ate.
The Lipids Make Up the
Cell Membrane
The lipids you eat can be used to
make the phospholipids in the
cell membrane.