July 13th, 2010
Andy Lee
Pg. 157 1,2,4,6,8
1.
Prohibition: Law banning the production, import, and transportation of liquor across the
country
One Big Union: Union established by unskilled and semi-skilled workers, because they weren’t
represented in the TLC. They believed that by standing together, they will gain much more
power and will be able to demand for much greater things.
Winnipeg General Strike: General strike which involved majority of the labor workers. Almost
every industries and key services were shut down. The labor workers demanded 3 different
things.
1. Decent Wages (85 cents per hour)
2. An eight-hour day
3. The right to bargain collectively for better working conditions
Bloody Saturday: The 37th day of the Winnipeg General Strike. On Saturday, June 19th, 1919
violence has erupted as the Mayor Gary has presented the Riot Act. The Canadian Mounted
Police has shot two workers who were on strike, and one has died immediately and the other
was wounded and died eventually later on at the hospital. Moreover, more than 80 workers
were arrested and none of the worker’s demands were obtained.
National Progressives party: Political party formed by the farmers involved with agricultural
industry. The party campaigned for lower freight rates and tariffs
Pension Act 1927: Act passed in 1927. This act supported English speaking Canadian men who
were over age of 70. These men had to be living in Canada for at least 20 years, earned less
than $365 a year, transfer their own home to the Pension Authority. The government sold the
homes that these men owned to get money to pay the person’s pension.
League of Indians: Organization formed in order to fight for the Aboriginal’s rights and to unite
the voices of the Aboriginal nations. This organization was lead by Mohawk veteran from World
War I.
Xenophobia: Extreme dislike of foreigners. During the war, many Canadians had become more
suspicious and less tolerant of “foreigners”(non British), and this is what has caused xenophia
to be created
Chinese Exclusion Act 1923: An act which banned all Chinese except students, merchants, and
diplomats from entering Canada. This act was passed on 1 July 1923.
Group of Seven: Seven great Canadian artists who were greatly inspired by the beauty of
Canadian landscape. These artists had painted, drew, and created many of the famous
paintings and drawings which were based on the Canadian landscape.
Branch Plants: System introduced by Americans. This system allowed Americans to create
branch industries in Canada which produced the same product as the parent company in U.S.
however the products from these branch companies could be marked s made in Canada.
Thanks to this system, Americans could’ve avoided paying high tariffs on imports at the border.
Isolationist: What Canadians has turned in to during 1920s. Unlike the very early 1900s,
Canadians did not wish to become entangled in foreign conflicts especially the conflicts which
existed in Europe. Moreover, there were no reasons for Canada to be entangled in foreign
conflicts since Canada has now gained complete independence after WWI.
Commonwealth of Nations: Commonwealth Nations were equal in status and united by their
common allegiance to the British monarch. Moreover, in the issue of the governor general’s
powers, Canada also won concessions. The governor general would be the representative of
the Crown in Canada, not the agent of the British government.
Statute of Westminster: The statute which made the recommendations of the Balfour Report
Law that has been passed by British parliament. Canada was made completely self-governing,
bounded by no laws other than its own. Britain could no longer make any laws for Canada.
Canada has gained almost complete autonomy except in two areas.
1. There still was one court higher than the Supreme Court of Canada, which was the
Judical Committee of the Privy Council in Britain
2. Power that amended the power of the British North America Act still remained as British
government’s responsibility. However, this responsibility and power will end as soon as
the Canadians agreed on the powers to be held by the provincial and federal
governments.
2.
a) The prohibition was introduced in Canada because during the WWI. Many groups of
Canadians especially the women’s groups believed that creating liquor out of grain
was useless towards the war. Moreover they believed that it was much more
important to use those grains in order to support war efforts towards the Canadian
troops in WWI. Secondly, even after the war, women, and different religious
churches were generally against the alcohols and supported the prohibition
b) Prohibition has created new kinds of crime. People bout “bootleg b ooze” which
were illegal liquor made and old by organized bootleggers and other small-time
organizers. Moreover, number of the elegant private clubs called speakeasies has
increased. The speakeasies were loaded with fashionable and drinks which were
readily available
c) Although prohibition has brought some good effects, such as crime rate dropping,
less number of arrests for drunkenness, etc. However, the governments had realized
that they were losing millions of dollars in potential taxes on liquor sales and
underworld characters on both sides of the boarder were making fortunes in illegal
liquor. Lastly, majority of the citizens were unhappy with the prohibition. Therefore
every governments have dropped prohibition and instead the alcoholic products
were under strict government controls and were taxed with heavier rates.
4.
During the 1920s, Canada has encouraged the British immigrants to come to Canada.
Canada was looking for the British immigrants in order to develop the agricultural
industries in the Canada, especially the Canadian West. Moreover, during 1920s, the
suspicions and intolerance towards the foreigners has increased, creating xenophobia
among the Canadians which was condition of intense dislike towards the foreigners.
One of the groups that has been shutout and discriminated the most was Chinese. Due
to the growing intolerance and xenophobia, the visible minorities such as Chinese
weren’t welcomed by majority of the Canadian people, and the government. On 1 July
1923, Canadian government has passed the Chinese Exclusion Act, which banned all
Chinese except students, merchants and diplomats from entering Canada.
6.
a) The statute of Westminster granted Canada fuller autonomy because this statute
made Canada completely self-governing bounded by no laws other than its own.
Britain could no longer make any laws for Canada. Therefore Canada was now
completely independent except in two areas, which weren’t very important towards
the independence. Such as British court that still existed which was higher than the
Canadian Supreme Court of Canada. Secondly the fact that the power amending the
British North America Act was still held by the Britain however will be given up as
soon as the Canadians agreed on the powers to be held by the provincial and federal
governments. Therefore, the statute of Westminster granted Canada fuller
autonomy.
b) Canada remained to be part of a new Commonwealth of Nations. Commonwealth of
Nations were equal in status and united by their common allegiance to the British
monarch. Moreover, the Governor General still existed in order to represent the
Crown in Canada, even though the Governor General has lost its significant powers.
8.
Frederick Banting: Frederick Banting was a Canadian medical researcher at
University of Toronto. His colleagues and he had discovered ground-breaking
treatment – insulin, which was very effective and significant towards the diabetes.
Banting was the first Canadian to win the physiology Nobel Prize for his discovery.
This discovery has also given great reputation towards University of Toronto as one
of the great laboratories in the world for research.
Frederick Loft: The Mohawk WWI veteran who has organized League of Indians in
1919. League of Indians united the voices of the aboriginal to fight for their rights
such as votes, etc.
J. S. Woodsworth: First leader of the CCF (Co-operative Commonwealth Federation)
which later became the new Democratic Party.
Lawren Harris: Member of group of seven artist group. Group of seven were
important painters in Canada who has contributed to support and to show the
beauty of Canadian landscape. One of the famous paintings by Lawren Harris is
called “Algoma Country”
Arthur Meighen: Head of the conservative party. Meighen was Prime Minister during
the early 1920s before and after King. He was minister of Justice, during the
Winnipeg General Strike, and he was partly responsible for the police violence
caused on Bloody Saturday.
Emily Carr: A painter that was really influential towards Group of Seven.
Vincent Massey: Canada’s first ever diplomat or ambassador to the foreign country.
He went to St. Andrews College. Later became the governor general of Canada in the
50s.
W.L. Mackenzie King: Prime minister of Canada during the 1920s , mid 1930s to late
1940s. He was the head of the Liberal Party. His brilliant and intelligence made lots
of national laws to be accepted by various different diversity groups.
Julian Byng: A governor general during 1921 ~ 1926. The King-Byng crisis occurred by
Julian Byng. Byng assumed that he had power to control the prime minister, which
wasn’t true. Due to this crisis, King has clarified and reduced the rights and power of
the governor general.
J.E.H. MacDonald: Member of group of seven artist group. Group of seven were
important painters in Canada who has contributed to support and to show the
beauty of Canadian landscape. MacDonald’s painting has changed and inspired
other member of the group , Lawren Harris. One of the famous paintings by J.E.H.
MacDonald is called “October Shower Gleam”